- •Преступность и ее причины
- •1) Связанный с применением наказания
- •It's Interesting to Know Joseph Ignace Guillotin
- •Discussion
- •In recent years public has demanded longer and hasher sentences for offenders.
- •Crime of Passion
- •Just for Fun
- •Inevitability of Error
- •Identify the Suspect!
- •The Miranda Warning
- •The Lure of Shop-lifting
- •The Lasting Principles
- •Police Discipline
- •Creative writing
- •Us Public Manifesto
- •Scotland Yard
- •Police Technology in the usa
- •It's Interesting to Know Alphonse Bertillion
- •Brainstorm
- •Early Juries
- •It's Interesting' to Know
- •Unit 2. Jury duty
- •The Fear of Jury Duty
- •How You Were Chosen
- •2) Показания
- •3) Улики
- •4) Свидетельство
- •I do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will faithfully try the defendant and give a true verdict according to the evidence
- •5) Cause — судебный процесс, судебное дело, тяжба
- •6) Controversy — гражданский судебный цроцесс, правовой спор, судебный спор
- •7) Process — судебный процесс, процедура, порядок, производство дел, судопроизводство, процессуальные нормы
- •Courtroom Personnel
- •A View From Behind Bars
- •1) Ответчик
- •2) Обвиняемый
- •4) Подзащитный
- •It's Interesting to Know Curious Wills
- •What Happens During the Trial
- •Прения сторон
- •Verdict
- •It's Interesting to KnowCyber Justice
- •Imprisonment: retribution or rehabilitation?
- •Present-day Penal Institutions
- •The Tower of London
- •The Bastille
- •It's Interesting to Know John Howard, 1726—1790
- •Cesare Beccaria, 1738—1794
- •Elizabeth Fry, 1780—1845
- •Prison Inmates
- •1) Поручительство
- •2) Передача на поруки; брать на поруки; передавать на поруки
- •3) Поручитель; поручители
- •4) Залог при передаче на поруки
- •A Lifer Keen on Canaries
- •Prisoners' Rights
- •Criticism of Jail tv
- •Discussion
- •Creative writing
- •Debate Prisons: a Solution to Crime?
- •Unit 5. Rehabilitation brainstorm
- •Innovative Programmes
- •Prisoners Prior to Release
- •The Inmate's Letter
- •It's never too late to start again.
- •The Magna Carta (1215)
- •John Locke, 1632—1704
- •Voltaire, 1694—1778
- •Jeremy Bentham, 1748—1832
- •Caligula, a.D. 12—41
- •Colonia Agrippina, a.D. 16—59
- •Guy Fawkes, 1570—1606
- •Jack the Ripper
- •Roy Bean, d. 1903
- •D. 1910
- •Lizzie Borden, 1860—1927
- •'Ma' Barker, d. 1935
- •Bruno Hauptmann, d. 1936
- •Alphonse Capone, 1899—1947
- •'Lucky Luciano', 1897—1962
- •Frank Costello, 1891—1973
- •George Blake, b. 1922
- •Sherlock Holmes
- •Ellery Queen
- •Hercules Poirot
- •Inspector Jules Maigret
- •Perry Mason
- •1. Bank Robbers
- •2. Muggers
- •3. Thieves
- •4. Escape Artists
- •5. Shop-Lifters
- •6. Robbers
- •7. Burglars
- •8. 'Miscellaneous' Crooks
- •9. Outrageous Lawsuits
Just for Fun
Murder is always a mistake... One should never do anything that one cannot talk about after dinner.
Oscar Wilde
A man sentenced to death was being taken to the execution
place in very nasty weather.
"What lousy weather", he remarked.
"You are not the one to grumble", commented one of the escort.
"We've got yet to go back".
UNIT 8. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: FOR AND AGAINST
Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read: "Fragile: Handle With Care". It will never do, these days, to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as 'social misfits'. The professional killer who wouldn't think twice about'using his cosh or crowbar to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meagre life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in
need of 'hospital treatment'. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil — or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we aren't, all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment.
The violent criminal has become a kind of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his 'memoirs'. Newspapers which specialise in crime-reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or 'murder mysteries' have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. It's no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.
Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being mowed down while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal sex-maniacs. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that 'life sentence' does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of 'good conduct', the most desperate villain is free to return to society where he will live very comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. It's always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one
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wonders, in their desire for fair-play, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldn't, because all the victims were dead.
TASK 1. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions: i
a brutal sex-maniac |
• to batter |
a cold-blooded poisoner |
• to breed evil |
a desperate villain |
• to cosset |
a hardened criminal |
• to cuddle |
a professional killer |
• to deter criminals |
'a social misfit' |
• to do away with |
a train robber |
• to get away with murder |
a violent criminal |
• to go on committing |
a violent robber |
offences |
a violent thug |
• to mow down |
|
• to pull the trigger |
|
• to rob |
|
• to think twice |
TASK 2. Study the following key phrases from the text above. Reproduce the text using these key phrases:
Criminals should carry cards: "Fragile: Handle With Care".
We mustn't refer to them as thugs, but as social misfits.
Killer who murders old lady for savings needs 'hospital treatment'.
"Society is to blame" argument — why aren't we all criminals?
We have done away with absurdly harsh laws: that's enough.
Suspension of capital punishment: senseless.
Violent criminal: a hero figure.
Glorified on screen and by press.
Great demand for crime stories.
Train robbers: a glorious resistance movement?
Cuddled by sociologists, adored by masses, the criminal is a privileged person.
He expects and receives VIP treatment.
Capital punishment was once a major deterrent.
It protected unarmed policemen, young children.
Now the criminal can get away with murder.
'Life sentence': ten years of 'good conduct' and then freedom to live on the proceeds of crime.
People hold liberal views at the expense of others.
Were victims consulted before suspension of capital punishment? No: they were dead.
TASK 3. Follow the statements given in Task 2. Provide counterarguments to each statement. Compare your list with those of other students.
TASK 4. Read the text below and write down the main ideas in Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type. Translate them into English. Use the vocabulary from the Unit to render the text into English:
Пришло время отменить смертную казнь. С каждым годом это становится все более очевидным. Опыт всех стран показывает, что смертная казнь приводит к ожесточению в обществе. В ряде стран смертные приговоры применяются в основном к представителям неимущих слоев населения либо расовых или этнических меньшинств.
В некоторых странах смертная казнь считается мерой, без которой невозможно остановить распространение наркотиков, ликвидировать политический терроризм, экономическую коррупцию или искоренить супружескую неверность. Однако нет никаких доказательств, что ее применение способно снизить уровень преступности или политического насилия. Смертную казнь часто используют как средство политических репрессий, а смертные приговоры выносятся и приводятся в исполнение произвольно.
Оправдывая смертную казнь, чаще всего говорят, что она необходима, по крайней мере временно, для блага общества.
Однако имеет ли государство право лишать человека жизни?
Смертная казнь — это предумышленное и хладнокровное убийство человека государством. Само существование этой меры наказания является попранием основных прав человека: международное право запрещает жестокие, негуманные или унижающие человека наказания.
Многовековой опыт применения высшей меры наказания и научные исследования о взаимосвязи смертной казни и уровня преступности не дали убедительных доказательств, что смерт-
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ная казнь способна эффективно защитить общество от преступности или способствовать правосудию. Ни одна система уголовной юстиции не доказала свою способность последовательно и справедливо решать, кто должен жить и кто — умереть. Некоторым удается избежать смертной казни с помощью квалифицированных защитников; другим — потому что их судят мягкосердечные судьи или присяжные; третьим помогают их политические связи или положение в обществе.
Существует определенный процент судебных ошибок, последствия которых особенно трагичны при приведении смертного приговора в исполнение.
TASK 5. Study the following facts and arguments:
Financial Costs
The death penalty is not now, nor has it ever been, a more economical alternative to life imprisonment. A murder trial normally takes much longer when the death penalty is at issue than when it is not. Litigation costs — including the time of judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and court reporters, and the high costs of briefs — are all borne by the taxpayer.