Scotland Yard

At first the new police force encountered little cooperation from the public, and when Scotland Yard stationed its first plainclothes police agents on duty in 1842, there was a public outcry against these 'spies'. The police force had gradually won the trust of the London public by the time Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1878. The CID was a small force of plainclothes detectives who gathered information on criminal activities. The CID was subsequently built up into the efficient investigative force that it now constitutes. It presently employs more than 1,000 detectives.

The area supervised by the London Metropolitan Police includes all of Greater London with the exception of the City of London, which has its own separate police force. The Metropolitan Police's duties are the detection and prevention of crime, the preservation of public order, the supervision of road traffic and

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the licensing of public vehicles, and the organisation of civil defence in case of emergency.

The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the commissioner, who is appointed by the Crown on the recommendation of the Home Secretary. Beneath the commissioner are a deputy commissioner and four assistant commissioners, each of the latter being in charge of one of Scotland Yard's four departments; administration, traffic and transport, criminal investigation (the CID), and police recruitment and training. The CID deals with all aspects of criminal investigation and comprises the criminal record office, fingerprint and photography sections, the company fraud squad, a highly mobile police unit known as the flying squad, the metropolitan police laboratory, and the detective-training school.

Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom. It also has a special branch of police who guard visiting dignitaries, royalty, and statesmen. Finally, Scotland Yard is responsible for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol. Although Scotland Yard's responsibility is limited to metropolitan London, its assistance is often sought by police in other parts of England, particularly with regard to difficult cases. The Yard also assists in the training of police personnel in the countries of the Commonwealth.

TASK 5. Answer the following questions:

1. What was the public sentiment about the first Scotland Yard plainclothes police agents?

2. When did Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department?

3. What were the CID's initial duties?

4. What is the CID nowadays?

5. Which parts of London are covered by the Metropolitan Police?

6. What are the Metropolitan Police's duties?

7. Who is the administrative head of Scotland Yard?

8. What is the structure of the CID?

9. What assistance does The Yard render to the countries of the Commonwealth?

TASK 6. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1. 'Большой' Лондон

2. правоохранительные органы

3. отдел регистрации преступлений и преступников

4. 'летучий отряд'

5. чрезвычайное положение

6. пребывание на службе

7. министр внутренних дел

8. Департамент уголовного розыска

9. выдача водительских удостоверений

10. отдел по борьбе с мошенничеством

11. полицейский в штатском

12. преступная деятельность

13. завоевать доверие

14. быть назначенным королевой

15. направлять на место работы

16. собирать сведения

TASK 7. Fill in the gaps in the text below with the words and expressions from the box:

guards; tap; armoured vehicles; bullet-proof; kidnappers;couriers; bug; security firm; private detectives

which offers a

complete range of security services. We have

with special windows to transport money and other

to protect exhibits

'Sherlock and Holmes' isa

valuable items. We can supply trained

at art shows and jewellery displays. We can advise you if you

think someone is trying to your phone or your

private conversations at home or in the office with hidden

microphones. We have ex-policemen whom you can hire as

and special to deliver your valuable parcels

anywhere in the world. We can protect you or your children against possible .

CREATIVE WRITING

Using the information and vocabulary from the Unit compile an advertisement of:

• a private detective

• a bodyguard

• a detective-training school

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TASK 8. Render the following text into English using the information and vocabulary from the texts above. Pay special attention to the words and expressions given in bold type:

Из истории Скотланд Ярда

В 1829 году первые лондонские комиссары полиции Майн и Роуэн организовали главное полицейское управление в помещении дворца Уайтхолл, в котором раньше останавливались шотландские короли при посещении Лондона. Отсюда и происходит название анг­лийской уголовной полиции — Скотланд Ярд.

Англия столетиями не имела ни общественных обвинителей, ни настоящей полиции. Поддержание порядка и охрана собствен­ности считались делом самих граждан. Но никто не хотел этим за­ниматься. Англичане предпочитали за деньги нанимать людей для охраны порядка. Каждый мог задержать преступника, привести его к мировому судье и предъявить обвинение. Если обвиняемого осуждали, то задержавший получал вознаграждение, что часто вы­зывало месть сообщников осужденного.

В 1828 году в Лондоне существовали целые районы, где об­воровывали даже днем. На 822 жителя приходился один преступ­ник. Около 30 000 человек существовали исключительно за счет гра­бежей и воровства. Ситуация была столь серьезна, что министр внутренних дел Сэр Роберт Пил решил наконец создать полицию вопреки общественному мнению. Эта инициатива привела к горя­чим дебатам в Парламенте. Но в конце концов полиция обеспечила безопасность на улицах Лондона и завоевала доверие общества.

Just for Fun

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the FBI, and the CIA are all trying to prove that they are the best at apprehending criminals. The President decides to give them a test. He releases a rabbit into a forest and each of them has to catch it.

The CIA goes in. They place animalinformants throughout the forest. They question all plant and mineral witnesses. After three months of extensive investigations they conclude that rabbits do not exist.

The FBI goes in. After two weeks with no leads they burn the forest, killing everything in it, including the rabbit, and they make no apologies.

The LAPD goes in. They come out two hours later with a badly beaten bear. The bear is yelling: "Okay! Okay! I'm a rabbit! I'm a rabbit!"

UNIT 6. POLICE TECHNIQUES

The UK Forensic Science Service

The Forensic Science Service (FSS) serves the administration of justice in England and Wales by providing scientific support in the investigation of crime, and by giving evidence to courts. Its customers include the police, the Crown Prosecution Service, coroners and defence solicitors.

In February 1995 the UK government announced that theFSS would merge with the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory to form a single agency serving all police forces in England and Wales through seven regional operational laboratories.

Scientific expertise is available on a case-by-case basis to law enforcement agencies and attorneys. The Service provides assistance to home and overseas police forces in the investigation of many crimes, particularly fires where arson is suspected, cases involving DNA profiling and offences involving the use of firearms. The scientists have a wide range of experience in fire-scene examination, including fatal fires in domestic premises, large industrial fires and vehicle fires.

DNA profiling is a revolutionary scientific testing process which can positively identify an individual from a specimen of blood, semen, hair roots or tissue. Its application to crime specimens represents the greatest advance in forensic science in decades. The vast potential of DNA profiling is recognised by the

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TASK 3. Render the following newspaper article into English paying special attention to the words and expressions given in bold type. Consult the text in Task 4.

Корреспондент одной из московских газет взял интервью у заместителя комиссара Скотланд Ярда, который курирует особое подразделение по борьбе с терроризмом, а также вопросы нацио­нальной безопасности и уголовного розыска.

police and the legal profession, and its use in criminal investigation has increased.

The Forensic Science Service provides advice on firearms and related matters and assistance in the investigation of shooting incidents. When presented with a suspect weapon, the expert is able to establish whether or not it was the weapon used in a crime. Experts are particularly adept in the microscopic examination of spent bullets and cartridge cases. They have access to a world-famous computer-based information systems relating to thousands of firearms.

The Service offers training to overseas scientists which is of a general nature or is aimed at specific techniques such as DNA profiling or examination of firearms and documents. Training is provided on note taking, searching, report writing and expert witness appearances in court. Contact is maintained with other institutions and universities in Britain and other countries.

TASK 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What functions does the Forensic Science Service exercise?

2. What are the FSS customers?

1. What assistance does the FSS provide to police forces in criminal investigation?

3. Why is DNA profiling a revolutionary testing process?

2. How does examination of firearms and related matters help investigate crime?

4. What does the course of scientists' training consist of?

TASK 2. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions and use them in sentences of your own:

1. fatal fire in domestic premises

2. industrial fire

3. vehicle fire

4. fire-scene examination

5. investigation of shooting incidents

6. forensic science

7. on a case-by-case basis

8. crime specimen

9. DNA profiling

10. expert witness

• Сколько офицеров служит в лондонской полиции?

• 28 тысяч. (Для справки: в Мос­ кве несут службу свыше 70 тысяч сотрудников милиции.)

• Сколько вооруженных столк­ новений происходит в среднем в течение года?

• В прошлом году возникло 1621 столкновение, стреляли дважды, один раз — со смертельным исхо­ дом.

• В состоянии ли главное поли­ цейское управление обеспечить быстрое реагирование на вызов полиции?

• Мы реагируем на звонки со­ гласно их первостепенной важнос­ ти. Если есть пострадавшие, пат­ руль прибывает спустя несколько минут после поступления вызова на пульт диспетчерской системы Скотланд Ярда. Это позволяет на­ править на место происшествия ближайший дежурный патруль.

• Вооружена ли Столичная По­ лиция?

• Лондонская полиция не воору­ жена. Однако в городе круглосу-

точно действует специальный пат­руль на бронированных высоко­скоростных машинах. В состав этого патруля входят 3 вооружен­ных офицера полиции. Полицейс­кие машины оснащены компью­терными дисплеями, так что ин­формация о личности подозревае­мого сразу же поступает к опера­тивным работникам.

• Какие достижения техничес­ кого прогресса использует Сто­ личная Полиция в расследовании преступлений?

• Например, мы используем ска­ нирующий электронный микрос­ коп для исследования улик, най­ денных на месте преступления, которые впоследствии могут пос­ лужить вещественными доказа­ тельствами, таких как отпечатки пальцев, фрагменты кожного и во­ лосяного покрова. Если не сущест­ вует специализированной эксперт­ ной методики (extensive investigative techniques), в каждом отдельном случае обращаются к гражданским специалистам и про­ водится узкоспециальная работа (to resort to sophisticated job). По­ лиция также пользуется резуль­ татами исследований ДНК, по

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этим результатам можно получить очень дороги, поэтому к ним при-массу информации. Однако, лабо- бегают лишь в наиболее сложных раторные методы исследования случаях.

TASK 4. Read the following text and translate the sentences given in bold type in writing: