- •Vocabulary list 3. The Judicial Systems of the usa and the uk. Legal Issues. 4
- •Unit 3 . Us ans uk judicial systems. Legal issues
- •Vocabulary list 3. The Judicial Systems of the usa and the uk. Legal Issues.
- •Lesson 6. Us legal system. Crime and criminals(1) Before you start
- •Reading for vocabulary 6. Us legal system
- •Exercises
- •1. Find equivalents of the following.
- •2. Give as many synonyms as you can.
- •3. Translate into English
- •4. Translate the underlined passage. Writing IV.
- •Types of crime Vocabulary (1) listening V.
- •2. Listen to the record and answer the question to these crime news reports.
- •Offences against law (1)
- •Crimes and Criminals (1)
- •Translate and learn vocabulary of the first column from.
- •Match definitions and the crimes. Mind the definitions are unjumbled in parts,
- •Write the name for the criminal who committed this crime and his actions.
- •3. Write what these criminals were suspected of doing/reported to do.
- •4. Which of these crimes can be regarded as felonies? Which of them are misdemeanors? Argue for your viewpoint.
- •5.Arrange these crimes into two groups: violent crimes, property crimes. Writing V.
- •Lesson 7. Uk legal system. Crime and criminals(2) Reading for vocabulary 7. Uk legal system
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Match the names of the courts within uk Legal System with their jurisdictions.
- •3. Study the two schemes presenting uk Legal system. Compare a and b which of them promotes better understnding of the point. Why?a) uk Legal System
- •Types of crime Vocabulary (2) listening VI
- •1. Look at these summaries of the crime news and fill in the gaps.
- •2. Listen to the record and answer the question to these crime news reports.
- •Offences against law (2)
- •Crimes and criminals (2)
- •Translate and learn vocabulary of the first column.
- •Match definitions and the crimes. Mind the definitions are unjumbled in parts, not inthe whole list of words.
- •Write the name for the criminal who committed this crime and his actions.
- •3. Write what these criminals were suspected of doing/reported to do.
- •4. Group the crimes mentioned above. You can group together financial and white-collar crime. Writing VI
- •Text translation IV Законодательство сша об организованной преступности
- •Lesson 8 . Legal professions: us police(1). Reading for vocabulary 8. Us Police history
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Say what these figures designate in the text.
- •3. Retell the text. Use the following words and expressions:
- •Police Vocabulary (1)
- •1. Study the first part of police vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •3. Study these questions and statements. Entitle the columns.
- •Informing someone of laws and police procedures
- •Questions from law breakers or suspected criminals
- •Questions police may ask a suspected criminal
- •4. Make use of these sentences and compose and role-play an episode for a movie. Text translation V.
- •Полиция
- •Lesson 9. Legal professions: uk police(2). Reading for vocabulary 9.
- •Uk police history
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill the gaps in these sentences with some word combinations from the table above:
- •5. Retell the text. Use the following words and expressions:
- •Police Vocabulary 2
- •1. Study the second part of police vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •Text translation VI.
- •Британская полиция поймала "грабителей века"
- •Lesson 10 . Us and uk courtrooms Reading for vocabulary 10. Us courtroom
- •Exercises
- •1. Find equivalents of the following.
- •2. Study the meaning of the names for legal professions.
- •3. Now speak about the difference in the meaning and the responsibilities of:
- •Writining VII.
- •Listening VII. The Supreme Court of the usa
- •Court Vocabulary
- •1. Study Court Vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above. Part 1
- •3. The Bar. Read the text and guess the words. The number of “- ” is the number of omitted letters.
- •Text translation VII.
- •В зале суда
- •Lesson 11. Punishment: prisons and prisoners
- •Uk punishment
- •Community Sentences
- •Exercises
- •1. Find the equivalents to the following
- •2. Fill the table with names of penitentiaries which deal with these young offenders.
- •3. Transalte theses sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English Types of Punishment Vocabulary
- •1. Study Types of Punishment Vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •Listening VIII. Death Sentences In u.S. At Their Lowest Level Since 1976
- •Text translation VIII.
- •Российские милиционеры в американской тюрьме
- •Text translation IX.
- •Смертная казнь: вернуть или отменить?
- •Homereading list 3
Lesson 10 . Us and uk courtrooms Reading for vocabulary 10. Us courtroom
Before you read
-What is the difference between the Crown Court and Magistrates Court in the UK?
- What courts will be equivalent to them in the USA?
- What are the people in the Courtroom and what are they supposed to do?
- What are the functions of the Counsels?
- Who decides the punishment? What are the options?
Read and translate the text.
The judge generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the bench. Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments. Judges usually wear a plain black robe (a requirement in many jurisdictions). An exception was the late U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who broke tradition by adorning his robe with four gold stripes on each sleeve.
Adjacent to the bench are the witness stand and the desks where the court clerk and the court reporter sit. The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the bar. The bar may be an actual railing, or an imaginary barrier. The bailiff stands against one wall and keeps order in the courtroom.
On one side is the judge's bench, the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits. However, not all jurisdictions allow for jury trials.
Court personnel and jury members usually enter through separate doors. Apart from the parties to the case and any witnesses, only the lawyers can literally pass the bar, and this is the reason why the term "the bar" has come to refer to the legal profession as a whole. There is usually a podium between the two tables where the lawyers may stand when they argue their case before the judge.
The other side of the bar is open to the general public and there are usually seats for curious spectators. This area is the gallery. Seating for the gallery can either be pew style benches or theater seats.
It should be noted that all of the above applies only to trial courts. Appellate courts in the United States are not finders of fact, so they do not use juries or hear evidence; that is the trial court's job. Therefore, in an appellate court, there is neither witness stand nor a jury box, and the bench is much larger to accommodate multiple judges or justices.
The walls are often partially or completely wood-paneled. This is a matter of style and tradition, but some jurisdictions have elected to construct courtrooms with a more "modern" appearance.
Multiple courtrooms may be housed in a courthouse.
England and Wales
In a justice court, the defendant will usually be escorted by members of the security firm that has the contract to serve that court. In rare circumstances in civil trials a bailiff or someone else charged to keep order may be present.
Courts vary considerably in their layout, which depends a great deal on the history of the building and the practicalities of its use. While some courts are wood- paneled, most are not. Depending on the layout of the room, a claimant may sit on either the right or left in a civil court, just as the prosecution may sit on either side (usually the opposite side to the jury) in a criminal court.
Advocates usually speak standing up, but from where they were seated. There is rarely if ever space for them to move in any case.
All appellate courts are capable of hearing evidence (and also to be finders of fact), for example where there is an allegation of bias in the lower court, or where fresh evidence is adduced to persuade the court to allow a retrial. In those cases witness evidence may be necessary and many appellate courts have witness stands.
Flags are rarely seen in English courts. It is most common for the Royal Coat of Arms to be placed above and behind the judge, or presiding magistrate, although there are exceptions to this. For example in the City of London magistrates' court a sword stands vertically behind the judge which is flanked by the arms of the City and the Crown.
Scotland
As in other countries, the judge or sheriff sits on the bench. Directly below the bench is the clerk's station which usually has a computer to allow the clerk to get on with Court Disposal work during proceedings.
Directly in front of the clerk is the well of court which has a semi-circular table at which all the advocates sit during proceedings. The Procurator Fiscal or Advocate Depute 17always sits in the seat at the right of the clerk during criminal proceedings.
Behind the well of the court is the dock in which the accused will sit during proceedings. Dependent on the style of the courtroom, the jury box will either be on the right or left hand side of the well of the court. Scotland is unique in the western world in that it has 15 jurors.
Usually to the right or left of the bench slightly raised and facing forward is the stand where any witness who is called will give evidence. The stand is designed so that any solicitor examining a witness as well as the judge/sheriff may get a good view of the testimony. At the far side of the courtroom directly opposite the jury box and behind the stand are seats for journalists who are attached to the court and the court social worker. Seats for members of the public are the back of the courtroom.
There is no court reporter in Scotland, normal summary cases are simply minuted by the clerk indicating the disposal. If the case is a solemn (more serious) case involving a jury or if the case has a sexual element then proceedings will be tape recorded which is done under the supervision of the clerk.