С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ |
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КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА |
ЦЕНТР ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ |
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BRUISES, DISLOCATIONS, FRACTURES. FIRST MEDICAL CARE.
Control: Tests
!Three main preventive antishock actions at patients with traumas
* introduction of vasoconstrictive preparations, stopping of external bleedings, oxygen inhalation
* oxygen inhalation, anesthesia, introduction of vasoconstrictive preparations
* anesthesia, stopping of external bleedings, immobilization of fractures
* stopping of external bleedings, oxygen inhalation, introduction of vasoconstrictive preparations
* immobilization of fractures, introduction of vasoconstriction preparations, anesthesia
! Absolute signs of fractures of bones treat:
* pathological mobility, shorting or extremity deformation, bone crepitation
* a hemorrhage in a trauma zone, an osseous crepitating, a morbid tumescence in a trauma zone
* shorting or extremity deformation, pathological mobility
* an osseous crepitating, a morbid tumescence in a trauma zone
* a morbid tumescence in a trauma zone, a shorting or extremity deformation
! Relative signs of fractures treat
* pain in a trauma zone, a morbid tumescence, a hemorrhage in a trauma zone
* a morbid tumescence, a hemorrhage in a trauma zone, a crepitating
* a hemorrhage in a trauma zone, a crepitating, pain in a trauma zone
* a crepitating, pain in a trauma zone, a shorting or extremity deformation
* a shorting or extremity deformation, a morbid tumescence, a hemorrhage in a trauma zone
! At fracture of bones of a forearm the splint is imposed:
* from a radio carpal joint to the top third of a brachium
* from finger-tips to the top third of a brachium
* from the basis of fingers to the top third of a brachium
* from the basis of fingers including a humeral joint
* from a radio carpal joint including a humeral joint
! At fracture of a humeral bone the splint is imposed:
* from fingers to a scapula from the sick party
* from fingers to a scapula from the healthy party
* from a radio carpal joint to a scapula from the healthy party
* from a radio carpal joint to a scapula from the sick party
* from a radio carpal joint to a humeral bone
! At open fractures the transport immobilization is carried out:
* first of all
* in the second turn after a bleeding stopping
*in the third turn after a stopping of bleeding and bandage applying
* it is not carried out
* after gypsum applying
! At fracture of bones of an shank the splint is imposed:
* from finger-tips to a knee
* from finger-tips to the top third of a femur
* from an ankle joint to the top third of a femur
* from an ankle joint to a knee
* from finger-tips to a hip joint
! At femur fracture the splint is imposed:
* from finger-tips to a hip joint
* from finger-tips to an axilla
* from the bottom third of an shank to an Achilles
* from finger-tips to the bottom third of an shank
* from the bottom third of an shank to a hip joint
! At fracture of ribs by optimum situation for the patient situation is:
* lying on a healthy side
* lying on a sick side
* sitting
* lying on a back
* lying on a stomach
! Absolute signs of getting wound of a thorax are:
* dyspnea
* paleness and cyanosis
* a wound gaping, air hum in a wound at an inspiration and an exhalation, a hypodermic emphysema
* air hum in a wound at an inspiration and an exhalation, a wound gaping, a dyspnea
* hypodermic emphysema, wound gaping, paleness and cyanosis
! Before a splinting it is necessary to make mild extension of an extremity with correction of an axis by the last:
* at the closed fractures
* at open fractures
* at brachium fracture
* at femur fractures
* at fractures
! Before applying the splint should be wound with a soft material:
* At the opened and closed fractures
* At the closed fractures
* At all fractures
* Don't carry out
* Carry out according to indications
! Before applying the splint should be model
* At the opened and closed fractures of extremities
* At the closed fractures
* At all fractures
* Don't carry out
* Carry out according to indications
! When it is necessary to set fragments acting in a wound?
* At open fractures
* At the closed fractures
* At all fractures
* Don't carry out
* Carry out according to indications
! Mesh splints are suitable for an immobilization:
* ossicles
* large bones
* hip joint,
* knee and injuries of a femur
* brachium
! Diterichs splint allows to make an immobilization and extension at damage:
* arms
* feet
* hip joint and femur
* basin
* brachium
! Direct indications for a splinting Diterichs are damages:
* hip joint and injury of a femur
* knee joint
* brachium
* brushes
* shanks
! Scalene splints treat:
* Kramer's splints
* splints Diterikhsa
* Shants's splints
* all listed
* the mesh
! At damage of cervical department it is applied:
* splint Diterichs
* Kramer's splint
* Shants's splint
* all listed
* the mesh
! Transport splints should provide an immobilization besides the damaged segment of an extremity at least:
* two adjacent joints
* three adjacent joints
* one joint
* any joint
* four adjacent joints
! What splints it is used at fractures of extremities:
* Kramer's splints and Diterikhs’s splint
* Diterikhs’s splints
* Shants's splints
* all listed
* the mesh
! At fracture of a hip joint and a femur mobil:
* Kramer's splints
* Diterikhs’s splints
* Shants's splints
* all listed
* the mesh
! At what fracture by optimum situation for the patient situation is sitting:
* at fracture of ribs
* at fracture of a fibular bone
* at fracture of a tibia bone
* at femur fracture
* backbone
! Direct indications for Shants's splinting are damages:
* at fracture of ribs
* at fracture of a fibular bone
* at fracture of a tibia bone
* at femur fracture
* at fracture of cervical department of a spine
! At what fractures the transport splint immobile two adjacent joints:
* at fracture of ribs
* at fracture of a fibular bone
* at fracture of a tibia bone
* at fracture of bones of the top and bottom extremities
* at fracture of cervical department of a backbone
Wounds. Bleeding stop.
Control: Tests
! What it is necessary to make first of all to stop external bleeding?
* to impose fresh napkins on bandage already applied and impregnated with a blood.
* to carry out digital pressing of an artery
* to press a wound a pure or sterile napkin
* to move the victim far away from danger
* To put in regenerative situation
! Choose symptoms of internal bleeding:
* frequent low pulse and hurried breathing
* hurried breathing, nausea and vomiting,
* nausea and vomiting, a skin discoloration in the field of damage
* excessive thirst and frequent low pulse
* a skin discoloration in the field of damage and a frequent low pulse
! In most cases the best situation for the victim with
nasal bleeding:
* situation sitting with the lowered head
* situation sitting with the head thrown back
*a standing position with the head thrown back
* a standing position with the lowered head
* situation sitting
! The main danger conjugated with wounds:
* strong bleeding and becoming infected
* becoming infected and extremity discoloration
* pulse disappearance on the extremity periphery
* discoloration of an extremity and strong bleeding
* all listed
! Primary survey shows that the victim has no consciousness, there is a respiration and
strong bleeding. Your further actions:
* To put to bed
* Not to touch
* to stop bleeding and to revive
* To revive salt ammonia
* All listed
! At what bleedings Blackmore's probe is applied.
* the internal
*the hidden
* from a nose
* from a stomach
* at all
! Choose mistakes at the tourniquet use:
* an applying a tourniquet without sufficient indications
* an applying a tourniquet on a naked skin
* the wrong choice of a place for an applying a tourniquet
* wrong tightening of a tourniquet
* all above-mentioned
! The tourniquet is applied to a stopping of bleeding at:
* arterial bleeding
* internal bleeding
* capillary bleeding
* parenchymatous bleeding
* all above-mentioned
! What way of a hemostasis is the tamponade?
* way of a temporary hemostasis.
* method of a constant hemostasis.
* any of them
*all listed
* way of a venous hemostasis
! Correctness of an applying a tourniquet is checked:
* the bleeding termination from a wound and pulse disappearance on the extremity periphery
* pulse disappearance on the periphery of an extremity and an extremity discoloration
* a discoloration of an extremity and the bleeding termination from a wound
* any of the listed signs
* all listed signs
! Vessel pressing on an extent consists that press a bleeding vessel:
* in the field of the wound,
* above the wound
* from the right from a wound
* in one of the listed ways
* in all listed ways
! Vessel pressing on an extent at wound of arteries consists that press a bleeding vessel:
* above the wound
* below the wound
* in the field of the wound
* in one of the listed ways
* in all listed ways
! Vessel pressing on an extent at wound of veins consists that press a bleeding vessel:
* above the wound
* below the wound
* in the field of the wound
* in one of the listed ways
* in all listed ways
! The raised position of the damaged part of a body is applied at wounds of extremities more often:
* at venous bleedings.
* at arterial bleedings.
* at capillary bleedings
* at any
* in all listed cases
! What of the methods listed below are included by a temporary stopping of bleeding?
* all listed
* digital pressing of the main arterial trunks;
* the maximum flexion of an extremity in a joint;
* compressing bandage applying;
* applying a tourniquet;
! Depending on what vessel bleeds, bleeding can be:
* arterial, venous and capillary
* venous, parenchymatous
* arterial and internal
* parenchymatous and venous
* the internal, parenchymatous
! A compressing bandage as a way of a temporary stopping of bleeding apply:
* internal bleedings
* at small bleedings (capillary)
* arterial bleedings
* massive bleedings
* internal bleedings
! What help will you render, if deal with the polluted wound in the absence of bleeding?
* Will wash out a wound an antiseptic and apply a bandage
* Impose bandage with Vaseline and bandage at will
* Impose on a wound a sterile napkin and will bandage
* All together taken truly
* Any of listed incorrectly
! The haemostatic tourniquet is imposed:
* at arterial bleedings
* at capillary bleedings
* at venous bleedings
* at parenchymatous bleedings
* at all above-mentioned bleedings
! In a cold season the haemostatic tourniquet is imposed:
* for 15 minutes
* for 60 minutes
* for 1 hour
* for 2 hour
* for 40 minutes
! At the base of hemorrhagic shock lies:
* oppression of the vasomotor center
* vasodilatation
* decrease of volume of a circulating blood
* cardiovascular failure
* vasospasm
! In the summer the hemostatic tourniquet to children is imposed:
* for 15 minutes
* for 60 minutes
* for 1 hour
* for 2 hour
* for 40 minutes
! To what bleeding there correspond signs a frequent low pulse and a hurried breathing:
* internal bleeding
* nasal bleeding,
* capillary bleeding
* lymphatic bleeding
* hemorrhage
! At gastric bleeding it is applied.
* Fallo probe
* Esmarch's irrigator
* Janet's syringe
* Blackmore's probe
* heater
DESMURGY.
! Apply of an air-tight bandage at getting wound of a thorax is carried out:
* immediately on a wound
* over a wadded and gauze napkin
* over an air-tight bandage
* all above-mentioned is true
* all above-mentioned is incorrect
! At getting wound of abdomen with abasement of organs it is necessary:
* to set the organs which have dropped out outside and to apply a bandage a wound
* to apply a bandage a wound and to enter an anesthetic
* to give inside hot drink and to enter an anesthetic
* to enter an anesthetic and cold on a stomach
* cold on a stomach and to apply a bandage a wound
! When overlaying bandage in what arm there should be a bandage head:
* in the right arm
* in the left
* in both arms
* has no value
* everything is true
! When overlaying bandage in what arm there should be a bandage extremity:
* in two arms
* in the left arm
* to the right arm
* has no value
* everything is true
! A bandage on area of a knee joint impose on type:
* the turtle
* cap
* spike-shaped
* the spiral
* the fixing
! When applying a bandage to stand:
* the right side to the victim
* faced to the victim
* the left side to the victim
* everything is true
* everything is incorrect
! To begin bandage appliance in the direction
* from below up
* from top to down
* has no value
* everything is incorrect
* everything is true
! The first round of a bandage is necessary for fixing:
* surely
* unessential
* it is desirable
* everything is true
* everything is incorrect
! The subsequent round to impose:
* on a half of the previous.
* one third of the previous.
* on two thirds of the previous
* everything is true
* everything is incorrect.
! As a rule, to change a bandage follows:
* in 2-3 days,
* in 3-4 days,
* after 4-5 days
* in 1 day
* every day,
! On a fixating bandage it is necessary to put ice bag at:
* dislocation
* sprain
* fracture
* in all listed cases
* in one of the listed cases