- •Infectious diseases.
- •Infectious pathogens ;
- •III. Form the nouns using the suffix(-tion), give their Russian equivalents:
- •IV.Make the words negative:
- •V.Complete this table:
- •VI.Read the text and answer the questions following it:
- •VII.Mix and match:
- •VIII.Make the sentences complete: Rickettsiae
- •IX.Read the text and answer the questions:
- •X. Give Russian equivalents to the following word - combinations:
- •XI. A) Note the difference in meaning of the given words
- •XII. A). Make the definitions of adjectives complete:
- •XVII. The words on the right can be used to form a noun that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
- •XVIII. Read the text and answer the questions after reading. Communicable disease epidemiology
- •XIX. Read about the chain of infection
- •XX. Say in one word:
- •XXI. Render from Russian into English : Инфекционные заболевания
- •XXII. Give the corresponding English names to the following diseases:
- •XXIV. Translate the definitions of these terms into English:
- •XXV. Render from Russian into English, use the suitable words from the active vocabulary:
- •XXVI. Translate from Russian into English:
- •XXVIII. Listen to the text “Infection” and retell it in Russian(appendix)
- •XXX. Check your knowledge of infectious diseases:
- •XXXI. Render from Russian into English, check your knowledge of the words dealing with the topic “Infectious diseases”:
- •Infectious diseases
- •I.Before reading the text look through the list of the following medical terms, be sure you know their meaning:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Read the text «Treatment of tetanus» and make up a dialogue between a professor and a medical student discussing treatment options of a tetanus case. Treatment
- •Mild tetanus
- •Severe tetanus
- •IV. Listen the text “Tetanus” and retell it in Russian.
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- •VII. Having obtained the information concerning tetanus fill in the gaps with proper words:
- •VIII. Use special medical terms from Ex.1:
- •IX. Render from Russian into English: Столбняк
- •Diagnosis
- •Prevention and Treatment
- •III.Fill in the gaps with the words in the list below:
- •IV.Make the sentences complete:
- •V.Read the text «Symptoms». Speak about the symptoms according to the plan:
- •Symptoms
- •VI.Listen the text «Leprosy». Retell the text using the following scheme:
- •Incubation
- •Involvement of
- •VII.Give Russian equivalents to these word-combination:
- •VIII.Render from Russian into English:
- •IX.Express your opinion of the psychologic and social problems that leprotic patients may suffer from.
- •X.Make up a dialogue between a specialist of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a journalist working in periodicals.
- •II. Read text fext "Pediculosis ". Pediculosis.
- •III. Make the sentence complete:
- •IV. Substitute English words for Russian ones: What do head lice look like?
- •V. Listen to the text "Pediculosis " and retell it in Russian:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions in the box:
- •How is a head lice infestation diagnosed?
- •VII. Finish the sentences using obtained information:
- •VIII. Render from Russian into English:
- •Vocabulary:
- •IX. Say what you can:
- •Pediculosis.
IV.Make the sentences complete:
1.Diagnosis is suggested by … 2.Diagnosis is confirmed by … 3.The organism does not grow on ... 4.Biopsy specimens should be taken from … 5.In lepromatous patients, specimens should be taken from … 6. Pathologic changes may be visible even in … 7. Lepromatous patients almost always have … 8. Antibody levels fall … 9. Antibody levels rise … 10. Antibodies may be useful in … |
a) the advancing edge of tuberculoid lesions. b) microscopic examination of biopsy specimens. c) normal – appearing skin. d) with effective chemotherapy. e) monitoring disease activity. f) nodules or plaques. g) the clinical picture and peripheral neuropathy. h) serum IgM antibodies to M. leprae. i) artificial culture media. j) with relapse. |
V.Read the text «Symptoms». Speak about the symptoms according to the plan:
The progression of symptoms
The symptoms resulting from infection of the skin
The symptoms resulting from infection of the peripheral nerves
The symptoms that the patient with tuberculoid leprosy may have
The symptoms of lepromatous leprosy
The symptoms of borderline leprosy
symptoms due to damage to other organs
Symptoms
Because the bacteria that cause leprosy multiply very slowly, symptoms usually do not begin until at least 1 year after a person has been infected; on average, symptoms develop 5 to 7 years after infection. Once symptoms do appear, they progress slowly.
Leprosy mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The skin develops characteristic rashes and bumps. Infection of the nerves makes the skin numb or the muscles weak in areas controlled by those nerves.
Leprosy is categorized as tuberculoid, lepromatous, or borderline according to the type and number of skin spots. The type of leprosy dictates the long-term prognosis, likely complications, and how long antibiotic treatment is needed.
In tuberculoid leprosy, a rash appears, consisting of one or a few flat, whitish areas. Areas affected by this rash are numb because the bacteria damage the underlying nerves.
In lepromatous leprosy, many small bumps or large raised spots of variable size and shape appear on the skin. There are more areas of numbness than in tuberculoid leprosy, and certain muscle groups may be weak.
Borderline leprosy shares features of both tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. If not treated, borderline leprosy may improve resembling the tuberculoid form or worsen to become more like the lepromatous form.
The most severe symptoms of leprosy result from infection of the peripheral nerves, which causes a deterioration of person’s sense of touch and a corresponding inability to feel pain and temperature. People with peripheral nerve damage may unknowingly burn, cut, or otherwise harm themselves. Repeated damage may eventually lead to loss of fingers and toes. Also, damage to peripheral nerves may cause muscle weakness, at times resulting in clawing of the fingers and a «drop foot» deformity. Skin infection can lead to areas of swelling, and lumps, which, can be particularly disfiguring on the face.
People with leprosy also may develop sores on the soles of the feet. Damage to the nasal passages can result in a chronically stuffy nose and, if untreated, complete erosion of the nose. Eye damage may lead to blindness.
During the course of untreated or even treated leprosy, the body's immune response may produce inflammatory reactions. These reactions can produce fever and inflammation of the skin, peripheral nerves, and less commonly the lymph nodes, joints, testes, kidneys, liver, and eyes.