- •Гласные
- •Дифтонги Diphthongs
- •Фонетические упражнения Phonetic exercises
- •Read and compare the words with the sounds [3:] and [e].
- •Read and compare the words with the diphthongs [ıə] and [eə]
- •Согласные Consonants
- •Нужно помнить:
- •Фонетические упражнения Phonetic exercises
- •Read the words with different sounds. Compare voiced and voiceless consonants.
- •Read the words with the sounds [∫] and [ʒ].
- •Read the words with the sounds [t∫] and [dʒ].
- •Read the words with the sound [h]. Don’t make it hard or use your voice.
- •Read the words with the sounds [θ] and [ð].
- •Read and compare the words.
- •Read the words with the sound [r].
- •Read the words with the sound [r] after [p, t, k].
- •Read the words with the sound [w]. Compare [w] and [V]. Pay attention to the combinations [tw] and [kw].
- •Read the words with the sound [j].
- •Read the words with the sound [ŋ].
- •Compare [ŋ] and [n].
- •Read the words with the sound [l].
- •Learn the English Alphabet.
- •Правила чтения reading rules
- •Правила чтения гласных
- •Read the words with different vowels.
- •Read the words with different vowels.
- •Правила чтения буквосочетаний гласных (гласных с согласными)
- •Pronunciation exercises
- •Read the words. Compare their pronunciation and spelling.
- •Правила чтения согласных
- •Pronunciation exercises
- •Read the following tongue-twisters as quickly as possible.
- •Progress test
- •Odd word out. Write the words with a different sound.
- •Write the letter you don’t pronounce in the following words.
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Модуль II Основной курс Социальное общение
- •Getting to know you
- •Study the words.
- •Practise the dialogue with your group-mate.
- •Introduce yourself and ask your group-mate the questions:
- •Структура предложений
- •Study the pronouns.
- •Study the forms of the verb “to be” in the Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense.
- •14. Write the numbers. Read them aloud.
- •Существительное (The Noun).
- •21. Read the plural nouns.
- •22. Write the singular forms of the plural nouns.
- •24. Study the rule. Артикль (The Article).
- •30. Use a/an or the where necessary.
- •31. Practice in communication
- •Read and memorize how we say hello and goodbye in English.
- •Read the conversations. Practise them with other students.
- •Read about Oleg Polyakov and his family.
- •Study the rule. Притяжательный падеж существительных Possessive Case
- •Ask and answer questions about Oleg’s family.
- •Write the names of people in your family. Ask and answer questions with a group mate.
- •Read about Liz and Philip’s family and finish the sentences. Use –‘s.
- •Try the puzzle with the family words.
- •Choose the correct pronoun.
- •Talk about things in your classroom. Use this/that/these/those.
- •Make up sentences with the adjectives from ex. 17.
- •Read and translate the sentences with these adjectives.
- •My family
- •Look at the sentences from the text.
- •Study the rule.
- •Complete the gaps with the correct form of have got.
- •Work with your group-mate. Ask and answer questions about you and your family members. Use have got in the correct form.
- •Write a story about you and your family. Get ready to present it in class.
- •Study the rule. Повелительные предложения
- •Imperatives
- •Read the times:
- •Read the conversations. Practise them with other students.
- •Daily routines
- •Study the words.
- •Read about Ali and Bob.
- •Find all the verbs in the texts. Write them out.
- •Complete the sentences about Ali and Bob.
- •Read the information about Anna.
- •Present Simple (Indefinite) (Настоящее простое время)
- •Образование Present Simple
- •Write questions to the following sentences.
- •Pay attention.
- •Make sure you know.
- •Study the rule.
- •Practise saying these dates.
- •Translate the following dates into English.
- •Study the prepositions of time and how we use them.
- •Complete the sentences with in, on, at.
- •Pay attention!
- •Translate into English.
- •Read the text about Maria’s daily routine. My daily routine
- •Find English equivalents in the text.
- •Answer the questions about Maria’s weekdays and weekends.
- •Write a similar story about your working days and weekends. Use the questions from the previous exercise to help you. Get ready to speak about it in class.
- •Novopolotsk
- •Study the words.
- •Read Anna’s description of her room.
- •Study the rule. Оборот there is/there are
- •Образование оборота there is/there are
- •Read and translate the sentences.
- •Dunford is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences with There is/isn’t/are/aren’t.
- •Write sentences with There are. Choose the right number: 7, 9, 11, 26, 30, 50.
- •Complete the sentences with some or any.
- •Study the prepositions of place and how we use them.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the prepositions.
- •Fill in the gaps with correct prepositions.
- •Answer the questions about your town.
- •Read the text. Novopolotsk
- •Practice in communication Giving Directions
- •Make sure you understand what these words mean:
- •2. Read the conversations.
- •3. Find the English equivalents in the conversations.
- •Practise the conversations with a group-mate.
- •Complete the conversations.
- •Talk about where you are. Ask and answer the questions. Use the places from ex. 17.
- •University
- •Study the words.
- •Read Sergey’s and Anna’s stories.
- •Study the rule. Модальный глагол can
- •Study the Past Simple of to be.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be. Some sentences are present and some are past.
- •Use the modal verb “can” to say what our students can do at our University.
- •Do you think students could do all these things 20 years ago? Ask and answer you group mate.
- •Study the names of the faculties at psu.
- •Discuss with your group-mate:
- •Read the text. Try to answer your questions. Polotsk State University
- •Look through the text again and find international words and translate them.
- •Pay attention to the verbs in the text. Many of them have prepositions. Find them in the text.
- •Are the following sentences about psu true or false? Correct the mistakes.
- •Answer the questions about you.
- •The text about psu contains some sentences with “who” and “that”. Find them and try to translate. “Who” and “that” are relative pronouns. They join two parts of the sentence.
- •Match the parts of the sentences. Use “who”.
- •Put in who |that| which.
- •Answer the questions about your university and get ready to speak about it in class.
- •32.Practice in communication Classroom language
- •Read the conversations and choose the best reply.
- •Belarus
- •Study the rule about regular verbs.
- •Read about Anna.
- •Study the rule about irregular verbs.
- •Write the Past Simple of the following verbs.
- •Study the way we form Past Simple.
- •Read the text about Mattie Smith once again.
- •Think of your grandparents and great-grandparents?
- •Read the text about Anna once again. Complete the questions about Anna.
- •Complete the sentences with the verb in the negative.
- •What did you do yesterday? Write true sentences.
- •Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences.
- •Read and translate the time phrases that we often use in the Past Simple. Put them in order from now going back into the past.
- •Make true sentences about you. Use the time phrases from ex. 14.
- •Read the text. Belarus
- •Find English equivalents in the text.
- •Fill in the gaps with the active words.
- •Are the following statements true or false? Correct if necessary.
- •Answer the questions about Belarus.
- •Read the paragraph about the nature of Belarus.
- •Study the rule about Degrees of Comparison.
- •Write the comparative and the superlative degrees of the adjectives.
- •Write the opposite. Use comparatives.
- •Complete the conversations with the correct form of the adjectives.
- •Complete the questions with superlative adjectives. Choose the answers.
- •Great britain
- •Fill in the gaps with am/ is/ are/ do/ don’t/ does/ doesn’t.
- •Put the verbs in the Present Continuous or Present Simple. Positive, negative or question.
- •Describe what you are doing at the moment. Make up at least 6 sentences.
- •Pay attention!
- •Read the dialogues.
- •Choose the correct verb form.
- •Travelling abroad is an exciting experience. You can learn more about the foreign country if you can speak its language. Now we are going to read and speak about Great Britain.
- •Make sure you can pronounce the following words correctly.
- •Read the text. Great Britain
- •Find English equivalents in the text.
- •Fill in the gaps with the active words.
- •Make up sentences with these words
- •Can you answer the questions:
- •Answer the questions about Great Britain.
- •Get ready to speak about Great Britain.
- •Progress test
- •Match the words with their translations.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct tense forms of the verbs.
- •Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
- •Translate into English.
МОДУЛЬ I
Вводный фонетический курс
Цели: |
|
Вы должны знать: |
Вы должны уметь: |
- звуки английского языка - транскрипцию звуков - правила чтения букв и буквосочетаний - алфавит |
- правильно произносить английские звуки - читать транскрипцию - читать слова и предложения |
УЭ-1
ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЕ
PRONUNCIATION
Английский язык знаменит тем, что произношение и написание слов зачастую не совпадают. Одна и та же буква в разных положениях может обозначать разные звуки и, наоборот. Количество звуков намного превышает количество букв: 26 букв и 44 звука (20 гласных и 24 согласных). Поэтому, если мы хотим правильно произносить и читать слова по-английски, без использования фонетической транскрипции нам не обойтись. Транскрипция – международная система условных графических обозначений звуков. Для удобства знаки транскрипции берутся в квадратные скобки [ ].
Знак ['] обозначает ударение и ставится перед ударным слогом.
Например: goodbye [gυd'baı].
Знак [:] после гласного звука указывает на его долготу.
Например: tea [ti:].
Многосложные слова могут иметь два ударения: основное и второстепенное.
Например: good-looking [ֽgυd'lυkıη].
Очень важно, чтобы знакомство с английскими звуками и постановка (коррекция) произношения происходили при непосредственном участии преподавателя. Ваша задача – внимательно слушать и многократно повторять звуки за преподавателем. Мы намеренно не приводим эквиваленты звуков в русском языке, так как они не идентичны и артикуляция английских звуков требует специального обучения.
Гласные
Vowels
[i:] as in see [si:]
[ı] as in his [hız]
[e] as in ten [ten]
[æ] as in stamp [stæmp]
[a:] as in father ['fa: ðə]
[ɔ] as in hot [hɔt]
[ɔ:] as in morning ['mɔ:nıη]
[υ] as in football ['fυtbɔ:l]
[u:] as in you [ju:]
[Λ] as in sun [sΛn]
[3:] as in learn [l3:n]
[ə] as in letter ['letə]
В некоторых учебниках и словарях можно встретить звук [i] as in twenty ['twenti].
Дифтонги Diphthongs
Дифтонг – две гласные вместе. Произносится слитно, с ударением на первом элементе.
[eı] as in name [neım]
[əυ] as in no [nəυ]
[aı] as in my [maı]
[aυ] as in how [haυ]
[ɔı] as in boy [bɔı]
[ıə] as in hear [hıə]
[eə] as in where [weə]
[υə] as in tour [tυə]
Нужно помнить, что в английском языке соблюдение правила долготы и краткости гласных звуков – это обязательное условие для грамотной речи. Разные по значению слова могут отличаться только долготой гласной.
Например: ship [ı] (корабль) or sheep [i:] (овца).
Кроме того, нельзя смягчать согласные звуки перед гласными звуками.
Фонетические упражнения Phonetic exercises
Read the words with the sound [ı].
-
ıt
sık
gıv
nıt
ız
bıg
lıv
fıt
ıf
dıg
sın
sıt
Read the words with the sound [i:].
mi:
mi:t
bi:m
bi:
mi:l
si:m
si:
mi:n
ni:l
Read and compare the words with the sounds [ı] and [i:].
nık – ni:s
kıd – ki:n
nıt – ni:t
pın – pi:l
lıt – li:k
bıt – bi:t
lıd – li:d
sıt – si:t
lıv – li:v
ız – i:z
Read and compare the words with the sounds [e] and [eı].
ef
bed
eı
men – meın
es
bes
eım
pen – peın
eg
ges
eıt
sel – seıl
es
mes
deıt
led – leık
Read and compare the words with the sounds [æ] and [e].
-
æd
sæd
mæn
– men
sænd
- send
æm
sæm
fæn
- fen
pæn
- pen
gæp
bæd
tæn
- ten
lænd
- lend
kæt
bæk
bæg
- beg
mæt
- met
Read the words with the sound [a:].
-
a:
ka:
a:k
ka:m
a:m
da:k
pa:t
fa:st
pa:st
ba:
Read the words with the sound [Λ].
-
kΛm
bΛt
kΛp
mΛd
kΛt
lΛv
dΛn
sΛm
bΛn
lΛk
Read and compare the words with the sounds [a:], [Λ] and [aı].
-
la:k
–
lΛk
–
laık
da:k
–
dΛk
–
daıl
ka:t
–
kΛt
–
kaıt
fa:m
–
fΛn
–
faın
ha:m
–
hΛt
–
haıt
Read the words with the sound [ɔ].
-
ɔn
gɔn
dɔg
sɔft
ɔd
gɔd
dɔt
lɔst
ɔf
gɔt
dɔk
rɔk
Read the words with the sound [ɔ:].
-
ɔ:
lɔ
bɔ:n
dɔ:z
ɔ:l
dɔ
lɔ:d
hɔ:s
mɔ:
tɔ
kɔ:k
tɔ:t
Read and compare the words with the sounds [ɔı], [ɔ:] and [ɔ].
-
bɔ:
–
bɔks
–
bɔız
fɔ:l
–
fɔks
–
fɔıl
kɔ:l
–
kɔd
–
kɔıl
Read and compare the words with the sounds [υ] and [u:].
-
kυk
fυl
pu:l
wu:l
kυd
–
fu:d
lυk
gυd
ru:d
su:n
bυ∫
–
bu:t
tυk
rυm
mu:n
fu:d
pυl
–
pu:l
Read and compare the words with single vowels and diphthongs.
-
tu:
–
tυə
a:t
–
aυt
wɔ:k
–
wəυk
∫u:
–
∫υə
fa:m
–
faυnd
stɔ:m
–
stəυn
u:l
–
pυə
la:d
–
laυd
spɔ:t
–
spəυk
Read the words with the sound [3:].
-
g3:l
k3:l
h3:d
n3:v
l3:n
g3:d
k3:v
h3:t
m3:s
p3:l