- •The abc of modern english grammar: a key to successful communication
- •Part 1. The system of present tenses Unit 1. The present simple
- •1.1. In the sentences below, decide if the verb underlined refers to the present (p), the future (f), or to something habitual (h).
- •1.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •1.3. Suggest some other expressions for this line.
- •1.4. In pairs, ask and answer questions, using this table to help.
- •1.5. In pairs, match a verb from the first column with a word from the second to make a phrase.
- •1.6. Regular events
- •In pairs, ask and answer questions about the activities suggested in Table 2, using the frequency expressions given in Table 1. Start your questions with How often do you …?
- •1.7. Discuss these topics.
- •2.1. Here are the beginnings of some sentences. Think of suitable endings using the present continuous.
- •2.4. Imagine you find your diary from a few years ago. As you leaf through it, you find different entries beginning with the following sentences. Continue each entry, e.G.
- •2.5. Speak out on what is happening in your life these days outside the classroom. Include information about the following.
- •2.6. In two groups, discuss what’s happening in the world these days. Include information about the following.
- •2.7. Future arrangements
- •2.8. Annoying habits
- •2.10. Project
- •Unit 3. The present simple vs. The present continuous
- •3.1. Choose the correct phrase in each sentence.
- •3.2. Rewrite each sentence so that the verb in italics is a negative contraction.
- •3.3. Decide whether the verb form in italics refers to the present or the future.
- •3.4. Choose the correct sentence for each situation.
- •3.5. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •3.6. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.
- •3.8. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.
- •3.9. Read the answers and then complete the questions.
- •3.12. Rewrite each sentence. Use a verb from the box to replace the words in italics.
- •3.13. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 4. The present perfect and the present perfect continuous. Their contrast to the past simple
- •4.1. Put each verb into the present perfect.
- •4.2. Complete each sentence with a time expression from the box.
- •4.3. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences using the present perfect continuous of the verbs below.
- •4.5. Put each verb in brackets into either the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.
- •4.6. Complete each mini-dialogue by putting the verbs given in brackets into either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
- •4.7. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •4.8. Complete the following sentences, putting one verb in the present perfect and one in the past simple.
- •4.9. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •4.10. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •4.11. Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, the present perfect, or the present perfect continuous.
- •4.12. Find the errors in these sentences and correct them.
- •4.13. Choose the most suitable time expression.
- •4.14. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.
- •4.17. Past participles
- •4.18. Life experience
- •In pairs, ask and answer Have you ever …? questions about these subjects.
- •4.19. In pairs, ask and answer questions about whether you have ever done these things. If the answer is yes, find out some more information, e.G.
- •4.20. Preparations
- •In pairs, imagine you are making preparations for …
- •4.21. Changes
- •4.22. Come up with an explanation to answer each of the following questions, using the present perfect.
- •4.23. Time game
- •4.24. Make the sentences complete.
- •4.25. In pairs, suggest four endings for these sentences, using still, yet, already and (only) just, e.G.
- •4.27. Suggest the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 5. Review of the present tenses
- •5.1. Here are some very common question forms in English. First complete the questions by adding ‘do’, ‘does’, ‘has’, or ‘have’, then match the questions and answers.
- •5.2. Look carefully at the verbs in bold. Decide which of them refer to the future.
- •5.3. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Part 2. The system of past tenses Unit 6. The past simple. Used to do / would do
- •6.1. Find the past simple form of the following verbs:
- •6.2. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions given.
- •6.3. Make past simple questions and answers using the words given.
- •6.4. Complete each sentence, using would or used to and the verb in brackets. More than one answer may be suitable.
- •6.5. Alphabet game
- •6.6. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other some questions about what each of you did using these time expressions:
- •6.7. Story chain.
- •6.8. The first time
- •6.9. The last time
- •6.10. First and last times
- •6.11. Matthew’s day
- •6.12. Join each pair of sentences to make one sentence in the past simple, beginning with when.
- •6.13. Changes
- •In four groups, list the ways life used to be different, e.G. 1,000 years ago most people used to go everywhere on foot.
- •6.14. Life-changing events
- •6.16. Here is some surprising news about people you haven’t seen for a long time. Take turns to say why you’re surprised, e.G. A: Christine has taken up acting. – b: Really? She used to be so shy.
- •6.18. Supply the English equivalents for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 7. The past continuous
- •7.1. In pairs, ask each other what you were doing yesterday at these times. In your answers, tell two lies and see if your partner can identify which answers are lies.
- •7.2. In pairs, discuss what was happening when …
- •7.3. Role-play: alibis
- •Unit 8. The past simple vs. The past continuous
- •8.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •8.2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs in the past simple or the past continuous.
- •8.3. Complete each sentence with a suitable time expression from the box. You can use an expression more than once.
- •8.4. Match each sentence (a-h) with a suitable response (1-8).
- •8.5. Newspaper headlines
- •8.6. What next?
- •8.7. Lifelines
- •8.8. Accident report
- •8.9. Suggest the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 9. The past perfect
- •9.1. Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use when and the past perfect.
- •9.2. Complete these sentences with one verb in the past simple and the other in the past perfect.
- •9.3. Look at these sentences and match questions and answers.
- •9.4. Use the information from the sentences above to complete these sentences.
- •9.5. Look at this narrative of a day at school.
- •9.6. Work in pairs. Join a sentence from the first column with one from the second to make longer sentences, using when, e.G. The guests left. We tidied up. – When the guests had left, we tidied up.
- •Unit 10. Review of the past tenses and the related constructions
- •10.1. Use these verbs and verb groups to complete the narrative below.
- •10.2. Find the errors in these sentences and correct them.
- •10.3. Decide whether the verb form in italics is suitable or unsuitable.
- •10.4. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •10.5. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •10.6. Put each verb given into the past simple, past continuous or past perfect. More than one answer may be suitable.
- •10.7. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •10.8. Rewrite the sentences below using ‘be going to’.
- •10.9. Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Use a participle clause.
- •10.10. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •10.11. Supply the English equivalents for the following sentences.
- •Unit 11. Review of the present and the past tenses
- •11.1. Use these auxiliaries to complete the sentences that follow. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible.
- •11.2. Use one of the following verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous to complete each of the sentences below. You may use each verb more than once.
- •11.3. Put each verb in brackets into either the present perfect, past simple or present simple.
- •11.4. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Most typical state verbs
- •List of most frequent irregular verbs
- •Abbreviations and reference characters
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
Most typical state verbs
Verbs of senses |
Verbs of feeling |
Verbs of thinking |
Verbs of possession |
Verbs of being |
Others |
appear seem hear see look like resemble taste smell sound
|
like love adore admire hate detest dislike prefer want wish desire interest
|
agree disagree believe forget know think understand realize remember suppose reckon imagine recognize regret admit confess |
belong to contain have own possess include
|
be exist
|
cost depend on mean need concern deserve fit involve matter satisfy surprise |
* Использование глаголов состояния во временах плана Continuous возможно для описания временных и будущих состояний:
I’m having some problems with my computer software.
They are having a conference tomorrow.
We were seeing the images that revealed the truth about the accident.Appendix 4
List of most frequent irregular verbs
Infinitive |
Past simple |
Past participle |
arise |
arose |
arisen |
awake |
awoke |
awoken |
be |
was / were |
been |
bear |
bore |
born |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
become |
became |
become |
begin |
began |
begun |
bend |
bent |
bent |
bet |
betted / bet |
betted / bet |
bid |
bid / bade |
bid / bidden |
bind |
bound |
bound |
bite |
bit |
bitten |
bleed |
bled |
bled |
blow |
blew |
blown |
break |
broke |
broken |
breed |
bred |
bred |
bring |
brought |
brought |
broadcast |
broadcast |
broadcast |
build |
built |
built |
burn |
burned / burnt |
burned / burnt |
burst |
burst |
burst |
bust |
busted / bust |
busted / bust |
buy |
bought |
bought |
cast |
cast |
cast |
catch |
caught |
caught |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
cling |
clung |
clung |
come |
came |
come |
cost |
cost |
cost |
creep |
crept |
crept |
cut |
cut |
cut |
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
dig |
dug |
dug |
do |
did |
done |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
dream |
dreamed / dreamt |
dreamed / dreamt |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
drive |
drove |
driven |
dwell |
dwelled / dwelt |
dwelled / dwelt |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
feed |
fed |
fed |
feel |
felt |
felt |
fight |
fought |
fought |
find |
found |
found |
fit |
fit / fitted |
fit / fitted |
flee |
fled |
fled |
fling |
flung |
flung |
fly |
flew |
flown |
forbid |
forbad(e) |
forbidden |
forecast |
forecast |
forecast |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
get |
got |
got / gotten |
give |
gave |
given |
go |
went |
gone |
grind |
ground |
ground |
grow |
grew |
grown |
hang |
hung / hanged |
hung / hanged |
have |
had |
had |
hear |
heard |
heard |
hide |
hid |
hidden |
hit |
hit |
hit |
hold |
held |
held |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
keep |
kept |
kept |
kneel |
kneeled / knelt |
kneeled / knelt |
knit |
knit / knitted |
knit / knitted |
know |
knew |
known |
lay |
laid |
laid |
lead |
led |
led |
lean |
leaned / leant |
leaned / leant |
leap |
leaped / leapt |
leaped / leapt |
learn |
learnt / learned |
learnt / learned |
leave |
left |
left |
lend |
lent |
lent |
let |
let |
let |
lie |
lay |
lain |
light |
lit / lighted |
lit / lighted |
lose |
lost |
lost |
make |
made |
made |
mean |
meant |
meant |
meet |
met |
met |
mistake |
mistook |
mistaken |
mow |
mowed |
mowed / mown |
pay |
paid |
paid |
prove |
proved |
proved / proven |
put |
put |
put |
quit |
quit / quitted |
quit / quitted |
read |
read |
read |
rid |
rid |
rid |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ring |
rang |
rung |
rise |
rose |
risen |
run |
ran |
run |
saw |
sawed |
sawed / sawn |
say |
said |
said |
see |
saw |
seen |
seek |
sought |
sought |
sell |
sold |
sold |
send |
sent |
sent |
set |
set |
set |
sew |
sewed |
sewn |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
sheer |
sheered |
shorn / sheered |
shed |
shed |
shed |
shine |
shone |
shone |
shoot |
shot |
shot |
show |
showed |
shown |
shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
shut |
shut |
shut |
sing |
sang |
sung |
sink |
sank |
sunk |
sit |
sat |
sat |
slay |
slew |
slain |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
slide |
slid |
slid |
sling |
slung |
slung |
slit |
slit |
slit |
smell |
smelled / smelt |
smelled / smelt |
sow |
sowed |
sown / sowed |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
speed |
speeded / sped |
speeded / sped |
spell |
spelled / spelt |
spelled / spelt |
spend |
spent |
spent |
spill |
spilled / spilt |
spilled / spilt |
spin |
spun |
spun / span |
spit |
spat |
spat |
split |
split |
split |
spoil |
spoiled / spoilt |
spoiled / spoilt |
spread |
spread |
spread |
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
stand |
stood |
stood |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
sting |
stung |
stung |
stink |
stank |
stunk |
stride |
strode |
stridden |
strike |
struck |
struck |
string |
strung |
strung |
strive |
strove |
striven |
swear |
swore |
sworn |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
swell |
swelled |
swelled / swollen |
swim |
swam |
swum |
swing |
swung |
swung |
take |
took |
taken |
teach |
taught |
taught |
tear |
tore |
torn |
tell |
told |
told |
think |
thought |
thought |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
thrust |
thrust |
thrust |
tread |
trod |
trodden |
understand |
understood |
understood |
wake |
waked / woke |
waked / woken |
wear |
wore |
worn |
weave |
wove |
woven |
weep |
wept |
wept |
wet |
wet / wetted |
wet / wetted |
win |
won |
won |
wind |
wound |
wound |
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
write |
wrote |
written |