- •The abc of modern english grammar: a key to successful communication
- •Part 1. The system of present tenses Unit 1. The present simple
- •1.1. In the sentences below, decide if the verb underlined refers to the present (p), the future (f), or to something habitual (h).
- •1.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •1.3. Suggest some other expressions for this line.
- •1.4. In pairs, ask and answer questions, using this table to help.
- •1.5. In pairs, match a verb from the first column with a word from the second to make a phrase.
- •1.6. Regular events
- •In pairs, ask and answer questions about the activities suggested in Table 2, using the frequency expressions given in Table 1. Start your questions with How often do you …?
- •1.7. Discuss these topics.
- •2.1. Here are the beginnings of some sentences. Think of suitable endings using the present continuous.
- •2.4. Imagine you find your diary from a few years ago. As you leaf through it, you find different entries beginning with the following sentences. Continue each entry, e.G.
- •2.5. Speak out on what is happening in your life these days outside the classroom. Include information about the following.
- •2.6. In two groups, discuss what’s happening in the world these days. Include information about the following.
- •2.7. Future arrangements
- •2.8. Annoying habits
- •2.10. Project
- •Unit 3. The present simple vs. The present continuous
- •3.1. Choose the correct phrase in each sentence.
- •3.2. Rewrite each sentence so that the verb in italics is a negative contraction.
- •3.3. Decide whether the verb form in italics refers to the present or the future.
- •3.4. Choose the correct sentence for each situation.
- •3.5. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •3.6. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.
- •3.8. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.
- •3.9. Read the answers and then complete the questions.
- •3.12. Rewrite each sentence. Use a verb from the box to replace the words in italics.
- •3.13. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 4. The present perfect and the present perfect continuous. Their contrast to the past simple
- •4.1. Put each verb into the present perfect.
- •4.2. Complete each sentence with a time expression from the box.
- •4.3. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences using the present perfect continuous of the verbs below.
- •4.5. Put each verb in brackets into either the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.
- •4.6. Complete each mini-dialogue by putting the verbs given in brackets into either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
- •4.7. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •4.8. Complete the following sentences, putting one verb in the present perfect and one in the past simple.
- •4.9. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •4.10. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •4.11. Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, the present perfect, or the present perfect continuous.
- •4.12. Find the errors in these sentences and correct them.
- •4.13. Choose the most suitable time expression.
- •4.14. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.
- •4.17. Past participles
- •4.18. Life experience
- •In pairs, ask and answer Have you ever …? questions about these subjects.
- •4.19. In pairs, ask and answer questions about whether you have ever done these things. If the answer is yes, find out some more information, e.G.
- •4.20. Preparations
- •In pairs, imagine you are making preparations for …
- •4.21. Changes
- •4.22. Come up with an explanation to answer each of the following questions, using the present perfect.
- •4.23. Time game
- •4.24. Make the sentences complete.
- •4.25. In pairs, suggest four endings for these sentences, using still, yet, already and (only) just, e.G.
- •4.27. Suggest the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 5. Review of the present tenses
- •5.1. Here are some very common question forms in English. First complete the questions by adding ‘do’, ‘does’, ‘has’, or ‘have’, then match the questions and answers.
- •5.2. Look carefully at the verbs in bold. Decide which of them refer to the future.
- •5.3. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Part 2. The system of past tenses Unit 6. The past simple. Used to do / would do
- •6.1. Find the past simple form of the following verbs:
- •6.2. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions given.
- •6.3. Make past simple questions and answers using the words given.
- •6.4. Complete each sentence, using would or used to and the verb in brackets. More than one answer may be suitable.
- •6.5. Alphabet game
- •6.6. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other some questions about what each of you did using these time expressions:
- •6.7. Story chain.
- •6.8. The first time
- •6.9. The last time
- •6.10. First and last times
- •6.11. Matthew’s day
- •6.12. Join each pair of sentences to make one sentence in the past simple, beginning with when.
- •6.13. Changes
- •In four groups, list the ways life used to be different, e.G. 1,000 years ago most people used to go everywhere on foot.
- •6.14. Life-changing events
- •6.16. Here is some surprising news about people you haven’t seen for a long time. Take turns to say why you’re surprised, e.G. A: Christine has taken up acting. – b: Really? She used to be so shy.
- •6.18. Supply the English equivalents for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 7. The past continuous
- •7.1. In pairs, ask each other what you were doing yesterday at these times. In your answers, tell two lies and see if your partner can identify which answers are lies.
- •7.2. In pairs, discuss what was happening when …
- •7.3. Role-play: alibis
- •Unit 8. The past simple vs. The past continuous
- •8.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •8.2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs in the past simple or the past continuous.
- •8.3. Complete each sentence with a suitable time expression from the box. You can use an expression more than once.
- •8.4. Match each sentence (a-h) with a suitable response (1-8).
- •8.5. Newspaper headlines
- •8.6. What next?
- •8.7. Lifelines
- •8.8. Accident report
- •8.9. Suggest the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 9. The past perfect
- •9.1. Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use when and the past perfect.
- •9.2. Complete these sentences with one verb in the past simple and the other in the past perfect.
- •9.3. Look at these sentences and match questions and answers.
- •9.4. Use the information from the sentences above to complete these sentences.
- •9.5. Look at this narrative of a day at school.
- •9.6. Work in pairs. Join a sentence from the first column with one from the second to make longer sentences, using when, e.G. The guests left. We tidied up. – When the guests had left, we tidied up.
- •Unit 10. Review of the past tenses and the related constructions
- •10.1. Use these verbs and verb groups to complete the narrative below.
- •10.2. Find the errors in these sentences and correct them.
- •10.3. Decide whether the verb form in italics is suitable or unsuitable.
- •10.4. Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
- •10.5. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •10.6. Put each verb given into the past simple, past continuous or past perfect. More than one answer may be suitable.
- •10.7. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •10.8. Rewrite the sentences below using ‘be going to’.
- •10.9. Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Use a participle clause.
- •10.10. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •10.11. Supply the English equivalents for the following sentences.
- •Unit 11. Review of the present and the past tenses
- •11.1. Use these auxiliaries to complete the sentences that follow. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible.
- •11.2. Use one of the following verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous to complete each of the sentences below. You may use each verb more than once.
- •11.3. Put each verb in brackets into either the present perfect, past simple or present simple.
- •11.4. Render the following sentences into English.
- •Most typical state verbs
- •List of most frequent irregular verbs
- •Abbreviations and reference characters
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
4.23. Time game
Connect the beginning and the ending by adding since or for.
I’ve been here …
July, three days, 1998, ten years, yesterday, Christmas, five, minutes, ages, Saturday, my whole life, August, an hour and a half, last weekend, Monday, a while, almost a month
I’ve been waiting …
an hour, eight o’clock, five minutes, Tuesday, two years, weeks, ages, we arrived, June 2001, long enough, half an hour, the plane landed, nearly three months, the beginning of this term, last Wednesday, about ten minutes
4.24. Make the sentences complete.
-
I haven’t
…
for
since
two hours
last term
ten o’clock
I came to England
three days
I was at school
Sunday
ten years
a fortnight
I was little
yesterday
e.g. this morning. – I haven’t eaten since this morning.
Read your sentences out, stopping at for or since for the others to guess the ending.
4.25. In pairs, suggest four endings for these sentences, using still, yet, already and (only) just, e.G.
He’s been working here for a week …
- and he still hasn’t met the boss.
- and he hasn’t got a desk yet.
- and he’s already got an office.
- and he’s only just got a computer.
Their baby is two and a half and he … Rob’s been studying Spanish for two months … I sent them the application last week and … We’ve been on holiday for three days … They’ve been married for six months … It’s 11.30 a.m. and … She’s been shopping all morning … I’ve been waiting for over an hour … |
4.26. In pairs, suggest suitable answers to these questions using the present perfect or the present perfect continuous, e.g. Why is it so hot in here? – Because someone has left the heating on. / Because someone has been baking bread.
Why is it so cold in here? |
Where’s my car? |
Why are the police here? |
How’s your family? |
What’s in the news today? |
What’s that smell? |
What’s the matter? |
Why are you so gloomy today? |
4.27. Suggest the English for the sentences.
1. Мы не виделись с 1994 года. Два года назад мы обменялись несколькими телефонными звонками и с тех пор потеряли связь.
2. Я живу в этом городе уже целых 12 лет.
3. Она не разговаривает со мной с тех пор, как мы поссорились по поводу места проведения выставки.
4. Полина работает в банке уже 5 лет и узнала очень много нового.
5. Они всегда хотели выиграть этот конкурс. Первый раз они приняли участие в нём 11 лет назад и с тех пор не добивались серьёзных успехов.
6. Где они познакомились? – Они учились в одном колледже и знакомы уже 15 лет.
7. Он стал очень хорошим специалистом. Неудивительно, ведь он учился в Англии, а затем стажировался в Канаде.
8. Мы работаем в одном здании уже полгода, а познакомились только вчера во время презентации.
9. Что у тебя с дыханием? Почему ты так тяжело дышишь? – Я очень быстро бежал.
10. Террористы вновь взорвали президентский дворец.
11. Он болеет уже три недели. Он простудился во время поездки в Исландию.
12. Вчера ей стало плохо во время обеда. С тех пор у неё постельный режим.
13. Мы работаем в сфере рекламы уже пять лет и не провалили ни один проект.
14. Он выигрывал этот турнир уже семь раз подряд.
15. Вы когда-нибудь были в Швейцарии? – Я провёл там отпуск прошлым летом.
16. Вы первый раз в Японии? – Нет, я был здесь пять лет назад.
17. Посмотри, я сделал новые снимки. – Когда ты успел? – Сегодня ночью.
18. Мы отправили им уже 4 письма, но они не ответили ни на одно.
19. Вчера вечером мы купили новые коньки. – Разве вы ещё не катались в этом сезоне? – Нет, пока у нас не было времени.
20. С начала лета мы продали 219 велосипедов.
21. Я первый раз в Бразилии. – Я тоже. Раньше я никогда не был в западном полушарии.
22. Я только что говорил с генеральным директором. Он одобрил наш план.
23. Мы снова проиграли тендер! В прошлом году наша заявка была намного лучше, если честно. Я же предсказывал такой результат еще в прошлом месяце!
24. Джеймс строит свой особняк уже три года, а в прошлом месяце он купил ещё один земельный участок.
25. Пять лет назад они основали собственный бизнес. С тех пор они добились больших успехов.
26. Ты видел её новую машину? – Нет, а что? – Она купила её две недели назад и уже дважды попала в аварию.
27. Ты уже напечатал доклад? – Я печатаю его уже шесть часов и до сих пор не закончил.
28. Вы когда-нибудь встречались раньше? – Да, мы виделись на фестивале цыганской музыки в прошлом году.
29. Мы живем вместе уже семь лет и ни разу не пожалели об этом.
30. Кто-то снова поменял пароль.
31. Почему у тебя красные глаза? – Я плакала.
32. Кэтрин сломала ногу и не может участвовать в совещании. – Как обидно! Когда это случилось? – Сегодня утром. Она упала с лестницы у себя дома.