- •The muscles of head (musculi capitis/мышцы головы) The facial muscles (musculi faciei/мышцы лица)
- •Masseter (m. Masseter/жевательная мышца)
- •Lateral pterygoid (m. Pterygoideus lateralis/латеральная крыловидная мышца)
- •The fasciae of the head
- •The superficial muscles
- •Suprahyoid muscles
- •Infrahyiod muscles
- •The deep muscles
- •The cervical fasciae
- •II. The superficial layer of cervical fascia proper (lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae/поверхностная пластинка собственной фасции шеи)
- •III. The deep layer of cervical fascia proper
- •Topography of the neck
- •Muscles related to the upper limb
- •Serratus anterior (m. Serratus anterior/передняя зубчатая мышца)
- •Autochthonous muscles
- •Nerve supply of the autochthonous muscles. Intercostal nerves.
- •The fasciae of thorax
- •Rectus abdominis (m. Rectus abdominis/прямая мышца живота)
- •Abdominal fascia
- •The muscles of upper limb
- •The muscles of the arm
- •Biceps brachii (m. Biceps brachii/двуглавая мышца плеча)
- •The fasciae of the arm
- •The topography of the arm
- •The muscles of the forearm
- •The posterior group
- •The muscles of the hand
- •The fasciae of the forearm and the hand The antebrachial fascia
- •Dorsal fascia of hand
- •The topography of the forearm and the hand
- •The muscles of lower limb
- •The muscles of the hip region The anterior group
- •Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)
- •Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)
- •Vastus medialis
- •Vastus lateralis
- •Vastus intermedius
- •Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)
- •Gracilis (m. Gracilis/тонкая мышца)
- •The iliac fascia (fascia iliaca/подвздошная фасция)
- •The fascia lata (fascia lata/широкая фасция)
- •Muscles of the leg
- •Tibialis posterior (m. Tibialis posterior/задняя большеберцовая мышца)
- •Muscles of the foot
- •Plantar
- •Fasciae of the leg and foot
- •Topography of the leg and foot
- •The cruropopliteal canal (canalis cruropopliteus/голено-подколенный канал).
- •The grooves of the sole
- •Superficial muscles related to the upper limb
- •Superficial muscles related to the ribs
- •The deep (autochtonous) muscles
- •Lateral tract
The muscles of upper limb
(musculi membri superioris/мышцы верхней конечности)
The muscles of pectoral girdle
Deltoid (m. deltoideus/дельтовидная мышца)
Origin. From the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and the spine of the scapula.
Insertion. To the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
Actions. Abduction of the upper limb (assisted by supraspinatus and serratus anterior), flexion (anterior fibres) and extension (posterior fibres) of the arm.
Nerve supply. Axillary nerve.
Teres major (m. teres major/большая круглая мышца)
Origin. The lower angle of the scapula.
Insertion. The medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus.
Actions. Adduction and medial rotation of the arm.
Nerve supply. Lower subscapular nerve.
Subscapularis (m. subscapularis/подлопаточная мышца)
Origin. The subscapular fossa.
Insertion. Passes in front of the shoulder joint to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
Action. Medial rotation of the arm.
Nerve supply. Subscapular nerves.
Supraspinatus (m. supraspinatus/надостная мышца)
Origin. The supraspinous fossa.
Insertion. The top of the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Action. Initiates abduction of the arm.
Nerve supply. Suprascapular nerve.
Infraspinatus (m. infraspinatus/подостная мышца)
Origin. The infraspinous fossa.
Insertion. The back of the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Action. Lateral rotation of the arm.
Nerve supply. Suprascapular nerve.
Teres minor (m. teres minor/малая круглая мышца)
Origin. The lateral border of the scapula.
Insertion. The humerus below infraspinatus.
Action. Lateral rotation of the arm.
Nerve supply. Axillary nerve.
The muscles of the arm
The anterior group
Coracobrachialis (m. coracobrachialis/клювовидно-плечевая мышца)
Origin. From the coracoid process along with the short head of biceps.
Insertion. To the medial side of the humerus.
Action. Moves the arm upwards and medially.
Nerve supply. Musculocutaneous nerve.
Biceps brachii (m. Biceps brachii/двуглавая мышца плеча)
Origin. Long head from the supraglenoid tubercle and short head from the coracoid process (with coracobrachialis).
Insertion. To the radial tuberosity and, via the bicipital aponeurosis, into the deep fascia of the forearm.
Actions. Flexion and supination of the arm and the forearm.
Nerve supply. Musculocutaneous nerve.
Brachialis (m. brachialis/плечевая мышца)
Origin. From the front of the lower part of the humerus.
Insertion. The tuberosity of ulna.
Action. Flexion of the elbow .
Nerve supply. Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve.
The posterior group
Triceps (m. triceps brachii/трехглавая мышца плеча)
Origin. Three heads: long from the infraglenoid tubercle, lateral from the humerus above the spiral line, and medial from the back of the lower part of the humerus.
Insertion. The olecranon.
Action. Extensor of the elbow.
Nerve supply. Radial nerve.
Anconeus (m. anconeus/локтевая мышца)
Origin. From the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Insertion. The proximal one fourth of the posterior surface of ulna.
Action. Extensor of the elbow.
Nerve supply. Radial nerve.