- •The muscles of head (musculi capitis/мышцы головы) The facial muscles (musculi faciei/мышцы лица)
- •Masseter (m. Masseter/жевательная мышца)
- •Lateral pterygoid (m. Pterygoideus lateralis/латеральная крыловидная мышца)
- •The fasciae of the head
- •The superficial muscles
- •Suprahyoid muscles
- •Infrahyiod muscles
- •The deep muscles
- •The cervical fasciae
- •II. The superficial layer of cervical fascia proper (lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae/поверхностная пластинка собственной фасции шеи)
- •III. The deep layer of cervical fascia proper
- •Topography of the neck
- •Muscles related to the upper limb
- •Serratus anterior (m. Serratus anterior/передняя зубчатая мышца)
- •Autochthonous muscles
- •Nerve supply of the autochthonous muscles. Intercostal nerves.
- •The fasciae of thorax
- •Rectus abdominis (m. Rectus abdominis/прямая мышца живота)
- •Abdominal fascia
- •The muscles of upper limb
- •The muscles of the arm
- •Biceps brachii (m. Biceps brachii/двуглавая мышца плеча)
- •The fasciae of the arm
- •The topography of the arm
- •The muscles of the forearm
- •The posterior group
- •The muscles of the hand
- •The fasciae of the forearm and the hand The antebrachial fascia
- •Dorsal fascia of hand
- •The topography of the forearm and the hand
- •The muscles of lower limb
- •The muscles of the hip region The anterior group
- •Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)
- •Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)
- •Vastus medialis
- •Vastus lateralis
- •Vastus intermedius
- •Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)
- •Gracilis (m. Gracilis/тонкая мышца)
- •The iliac fascia (fascia iliaca/подвздошная фасция)
- •The fascia lata (fascia lata/широкая фасция)
- •Muscles of the leg
- •Tibialis posterior (m. Tibialis posterior/задняя большеберцовая мышца)
- •Muscles of the foot
- •Plantar
- •Fasciae of the leg and foot
- •Topography of the leg and foot
- •The cruropopliteal canal (canalis cruropopliteus/голено-подколенный канал).
- •The grooves of the sole
- •Superficial muscles related to the upper limb
- •Superficial muscles related to the ribs
- •The deep (autochtonous) muscles
- •Lateral tract
Infrahyiod muscles
Sternohyoid (m. sternohyoideus/грудино-подъязычная мышца)
Origin. The posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum, the sternoclavicular joint and the sternal end of the clavicle.
Insertion. The inferior edge of the hyoid bone.
Actions. It pulls the hyoid bone downwards.
Omohyiod (m. omohyoideus/лопаточно-подъязычная мышца)
Origin. Medially from the scapular notch (inferior belly).
Insertion. The body of the hyoid bone (superior belly).
Two bellies meet at the intermediate tendon, that lies under the sternocleidomastoid.
Actions. Takes part in the dilatation of the large veins situated under the fascia. Pulls the hyoid bone downwards.
Sternothyroid (m. sternothyroideus/грудино-щитовидная мышца)
Origin. The posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum.
Insertion. The lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage.
Actions. Lowers the larynx.
Thyrohyoid (m. thyrohyoideus/шито-подъязычная мышца)
Origin. The lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage.
Insertion. The body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone.
Actions. Pulls the larynx upwards when the hyoid bone is steadied.
Nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles. Cervical spinal nerves.
The deep muscles
Scalenus anterior (m. scalenus anterior/передняя лестничная мышца)
Origin. The transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae.
Insertion. The scalene tubercle on the medial border of the 1st rib, by means of a narrow pointed tendon.
Scalenus medius (m. scalenus medius/средняя лестничная мышца)
Origin. The transverse processes of most of the cervical vertebrae.
Insertion. A large area on the 1st rib behind scalenus anterior.
Scalenus posterior (m. scalenus posterior/задняя лестничная мышца)
Origin. The transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae.
Insertion. The outer surface of the second rib.
Actions of the scalenus muscles. Flex the cervical spine, produce lateral flexion to the same side and rotation to the opposite side. An accessory muscles of respiration.
Longus colli (m. longus colli/длинная мышца шеи)
It lies on the superior surface of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae and has three parts:
the vertical part is stretched between the bodies,
the inferior oblique part is stretched between the bodies inferiorly and the transverse processes superiorly,
the superior oblique part is stretched between the same transverse processes inferiorly and the bodies superiorly.
Actions. Flexes the head laterally, both muscles flex the head forwards, it takes part in rotation of the head.
Longus capitis (m. longus capitis/длинная мышца головы)
Origin. The transverse processes of the middle cervical vertebrae.
Insertion. The basilar part of the occipital bone.
Actions. Flexes the head forwards.
Suboccipital muscles (see also the muscles of the back)
Rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anterior/передняя прямая мышца головы)
Origin. The lateral mass of the atlas.
Insertion. The basilar part of the occipital bone.
Actions. Flexes the head forwards.
Rectus capitis lateralis
(rectus capitis lateralis/латеральная прямая мышца головы)
Origin. The transverse process of the atlas.
Insertion. The lateral part of the occipital bone.
Actions. Helps the longus colli.
Nerve supply of deep muscles. Cervical spinal nerves (cervical plexus).