- •The muscles of head (musculi capitis/мышцы головы) The facial muscles (musculi faciei/мышцы лица)
- •Masseter (m. Masseter/жевательная мышца)
- •Lateral pterygoid (m. Pterygoideus lateralis/латеральная крыловидная мышца)
- •The fasciae of the head
- •The superficial muscles
- •Suprahyoid muscles
- •Infrahyiod muscles
- •The deep muscles
- •The cervical fasciae
- •II. The superficial layer of cervical fascia proper (lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae/поверхностная пластинка собственной фасции шеи)
- •III. The deep layer of cervical fascia proper
- •Topography of the neck
- •Muscles related to the upper limb
- •Serratus anterior (m. Serratus anterior/передняя зубчатая мышца)
- •Autochthonous muscles
- •Nerve supply of the autochthonous muscles. Intercostal nerves.
- •The fasciae of thorax
- •Rectus abdominis (m. Rectus abdominis/прямая мышца живота)
- •Abdominal fascia
- •The muscles of upper limb
- •The muscles of the arm
- •Biceps brachii (m. Biceps brachii/двуглавая мышца плеча)
- •The fasciae of the arm
- •The topography of the arm
- •The muscles of the forearm
- •The posterior group
- •The muscles of the hand
- •The fasciae of the forearm and the hand The antebrachial fascia
- •Dorsal fascia of hand
- •The topography of the forearm and the hand
- •The muscles of lower limb
- •The muscles of the hip region The anterior group
- •Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)
- •Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)
- •Vastus medialis
- •Vastus lateralis
- •Vastus intermedius
- •Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)
- •Gracilis (m. Gracilis/тонкая мышца)
- •The iliac fascia (fascia iliaca/подвздошная фасция)
- •The fascia lata (fascia lata/широкая фасция)
- •Muscles of the leg
- •Tibialis posterior (m. Tibialis posterior/задняя большеберцовая мышца)
- •Muscles of the foot
- •Plantar
- •Fasciae of the leg and foot
- •Topography of the leg and foot
- •The cruropopliteal canal (canalis cruropopliteus/голено-подколенный канал).
- •The grooves of the sole
- •Superficial muscles related to the upper limb
- •Superficial muscles related to the ribs
- •The deep (autochtonous) muscles
- •Lateral tract
Muscles of the leg
The anterior group
Tibialis anterior (m. tibialis anterior/передняя большеберцовая мышца)
Origin. From the lateral surface of the tibia.
Insertion. To the base of the 1 st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform.
Actions. Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Deep peronal nerve.
Extensor hallucis longus (m. extensor hallucis longus/длинный разгибатель большого пальца стопы)
Origin. From the middle third of the shaft of the fibula.
Insertion. To the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.
Actions. Extension of the big toe and dorsiflexion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Deep peroneal nerve.
Extensor digitorum longus (m. extensor digitorum longus/длинный разгибатель пальцев)
Origin. From the shaft of the fibula.
Insertion. To the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the four lateral toes via the dorsal extensor expansions.
Actions. Fxtension of the toes and dorsiflexion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Deep peroneal nerve.
Fibularis tertius (m. fibularis tertius/третья малоберцовая мышца)
Origin. Formed by the lower part of extensor digitorum longus.
Insertion. Into the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Action. Dorsiflexion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Deep peroneal nerve.
The lateral group
Fibularis longus (m. fibularis longus/длинная малоберцовая мышца)
Origin. From the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Insertion. To the base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform.via the groove on the cuboid.
Action. Eversion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Superficial peroneal nerve.
Fibularis brevis (m. fibularis brevis/короткая малоберцовая мышца)
Origin. From the lower two-thirds of the shaft of the fibula.
Insertion. To the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Action. Eversion of the foot.
Nerve supply. Superficial peroneal nerve.
The posterior group
The superficial layer
Gastrocnemius (m. gastrocnemius/икроножная мышца)
Origin. From the femur just above both femoral condyles.
Insertion. To the middle third of the back of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon.
Actions. Plantar flexion of the foot; weak flexion of the knee.
Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.
Soleus (m. soleus/камбаловидная мышца)
Origin. From the soleal line of the tibia and the upper part of the back of the fibula.
Insertion. To the middle third of the back of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon in common with the gastrocnemius.
Actions. Plantar flexion of the foot. Is the main factor in the ‘muscle pump’.
Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.
Plantaris (m. plantaris/подошвенная мышца)
A detached piece of the lateral head of gastrocnemius with similar properties.
Popliteus (m. popliteus/подколенная мышца)
Origin. From the back of the tibia above the soleal line.
Insertion. To the lateral condyle of the femur.
Actions. Flexion and medial rotation of the leg (thus ‘unlocking’ the extended knee joint).
Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.
The deep layer