Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)

• Origin: From the inner surface of the hip bone and the obturator membrane.

• Insertion: To the greater trochanter via the lesser sciatic notch.

• Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh.

• Nerve supply: From the sacral plexus.

Gemellus superior and inferior (mm. gemelli superior et inferior/верхняя, нижняя близнецовые мышцы)

• Origin. The superior muscle arises from the ischial spine; the inferior muscle arises from the iscial tuberosity.

• Insertion. To the greater trochanter via the lesser sciatic notch, together with the obturator internus..

• Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. From the sacral plexus.

Quadratus femoris (m. quadratus femoris/квадратная мышца бедра)

• Origin. From the outer surface of the ischial tuberosity.

• Insertion. To the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric сrest of the femur.

• Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. From the sacral plexus.

Obturator externus (m. obturator externus/наружная запирательная мышца)

• Origin. From the obturator membrane and the surrounding bone.

• Insertion. To the trochanteric fossa of the femur.

• Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.

Muscles of the thigh

The anterior group

Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)

• Origin. From the anterior superior iliac spine.

• Insertion. To the medial side of the upper end of the tibia just in front of gracilis and semitendinosus.

• Actions. Flexion and abduction of the thigh and flexion of the knee (the ‘tailor’s position’).

• Nerve supply. Femoral nerve.

Quadriceps femoris (m. quadriceps femoris/четырехглавая мышца бедра):

Rectus femoris

• Origin. From the anterior inferior iliac spine (straight head) and the upper lip of the acetabulum (reflected head).

Vastus medialis

• Origin. From the medial lip of the linea aspera.

Vastus lateralis

• Origin. From the lateral lip of the linea aspera.

Vastus intermedius

• Origin. From the lateral and anterior surfaces of the femur.

• Insertion of quadriceps. The four parts of quadriceps are inserted into the patella and, from here, to the tubercle of the tibia. The patella is thus a sesamoid hone in the tendon of quadriceps.

• Actions. Extension and stabilization of the knee. Rectus is also a weak flexor of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. Femoral nerve.

The medial group

Pectineus (m. pectineus/гребенчатая мышца)

• Origin. From the superior ramus of the pubis.

• Insertion. To the back of the femur between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera.

• Acrions. Adduction and flexion of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. Femoral and obturator nerves.

Adductor longus (m. adductor longus/длинная приводящая мышца)

• Origin. From the front of the pubis just below the pubic tubercle.

• Insertion. To the middle third of the linea aspera.

• Action. Adduction of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.

Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)

• Origin. From the inferior ramus of the pubis.

• Insertion. To the upper part of the linea aspera.

• Action. Adduction of the thigh.

• Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.

Adductor magnus (m. adductor magnus/большая приводящая мышца)

• Origin. From the inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the ischium. back as far as the ischial tuberosity.

• Insertion. To the whole length of the linea aspera and to the adductor tubercle of the femur.

• Actions. Adduction and extension of the thigh (the latter action is carried out by the ‘hamstring’ part of the muscle which arises from the ischial tuberosity).

• Nerve supply. Adductor part by the femoral nerve and hamstring part by the sciatic nerve.