- •L. Tsvet History of the English Language
- •Preface
- •General characteristics
- •1. The history of English as a subject
- •2. Britain under the Romans. Celtic tribes
- •3. The Anglo-Saxon invasion
- •4. Periods of the history of English
- •5. The heptarchy
- •6. The Scandinavians in Britain.
- •Phonological system
- •Correlation of Old English and Gothic Vowels
- •4. The system of consonants.
- •5. Changes in the system of consonants.
- •Morphology. Parts of speech
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Declension of Personal Pronouns
- •1. Verbal categories.
- •2. Strong verbs.
- •Conjugation of oe Strong Verbs
- •3. Weak verbs.
- •The conjugation of the oe verbs dōn and willan
- •Syntax and word stock
- •1. Oe sentence and word order
- •2. Etymology of oe vocabulary
- •1. Borrowings into proto-West-Germanic
- •3. Oe word-formation
- •General characteristics
- •The Scandinavian invasion.
- •The Norman French conquest.
- •Bilingual situation in the country.
- •Prevalence of English over French.
- •Me orthography.
- •Middle english phonetical system
- •Vocalism.
- •Consonantism.
- •Formation of new diphthongs.
- •Morphology
- •3. The Adjective
- •Weak verbs in Middle English
- •Conjugation
- •The Passive Voice.
- •Evolution of the literary english language
- •The reader
- •Beowolf
- •XXII. The Pursuit
- •Alfred the great
- •Wulfstan’s narrative
- •From ohtere’s account of his first vouage
- •Geoffrey chaucer
- •The canterbery tales
- •Symbols
- •Literature
Symbols
← changed from or derived from
→ changed to or becomes
/ /, [ ] enclose phonetic symbols
: after phonetic symbols denotes length
: between forms denotes contrast or opposition
/ between forms denotes alternation
* indicates a reconstructed or hypothetical form
Literature
Алексеева Л.С. Древнеанглийский язык. М., 1971.
Амосова Н. Н. Этимологические основы словарного состава английского языка. М. 1958
Аракин В. Д. Очерки по истории английского языка. М., 1955
Беляева Т. М., Потапова И. А. Английский язык за пределами Англии. Л., 1961.
Бруннер К. История английского языка. М., 1955.
Ильиш Б. А. История английского языка. М., 1968.
Линский С. С. Сборник упражнений по истории английского языка. Л., 1963.
Мейе А. Характерные черты германских языков. М., 195?
Секирин В. П. Заимствования в английском языке. Киев, 1964.
Смирницкий А. И. Древнеанглийский язык. М., 1955.
Смирницкий А. И. Хрестоматия по истории английского языка.. М., 1953.
Швейцер А. Д. Очерк современного английского языка. М., 1953.
Энгельс Ф. К истории древних германцев. М., 1938.
Ярцева В. Н. Историческая морфология английского языка. М., 1960.
Ярцева В. Н. Исторический синтаксис английского языка. М., 1961.
Arnold I. V. The English Word. M.- П., 1966.
Baugh A. G. A History of the English Language. N.Y. 1947.
1 For the Anglo-Saxon version see Л. С. Алексеева “Древне-английский язык”, М. 1967
1 Reprinted after S.Helstinski, Speciments of English Poetry and Prose, Warszwa 1969.
2 Wulfstan: Wulfstan seems to be of Danish origin.
3 - from Haethum to Truso: from Aet-Haethum (Haddeby, Haidhadu) in Schleawig to Truso, a place conjecturally situated near Elbing (Elblag).
4 - Wendland: country inhabited by Slavic population.
5 - Langaland, Lelland, Falster and Scaane: Wulfstan’s voyage is through the Baltic. The island Langaland (modern Langeland), Lelland (Laaland), and Falster are part of the Danish archipelago. Bornholm is the present Bornholm, the large island belonging to Denmark, but farther east than those just mentioned.
6 - Blekinge...Gothland: Blekinge (Blekingen) and Meore (More) are provinces in extreme southeastern Sweden, east of the Headland of Scaane. Oland is a long narrow island off the coast of Blekingen, belonging to Sweden. It has been one of the favourite places conjectured as the home of the ancient Geates famous in “Beowulf”.
7 Witland: modern Polish East Prussia.
8 Esthonians: Wulfstan has in mind the inhabitants of the old Prussia, the aborigines of that region.
9 Estmere: the large fresh water inlet to the south of the Gulf of Gdansk known at the present day as Zalew Wschodni.
10 Elbing: the ancient trading centre of Elblag.
11 Reprinted after S. Helstinski, Speciments of English Poetry and Prose, Warszwa 1969.
12 Showers sweet.
13 Such moisture.
14 Forest and heath
15 Twigs
16 Sun.
17 The sun runs one half course in the sign of the Ram in March, and the second half course in April.
18 Birds.
19 In their hearts.
20 Foreign lands.
21 Distant shrines.
22 Known.
23 Thomas Becket, murdered in Canterbury in 1170.
24 Made comfortable.
25 Describe.