Третий билет. Легенды о Робин Гуде.

Robin Hood is a legendary hero of medieval England. In most tales about him, Robin Hood leads an outlaw band called the Merry Men. The Merry Men fight authority and rob the rich to give to the poor. Merry Men wore Lincoln green clothes. There are lots of stories, poems, ballads, books and films about Robin Hood. The earliest ballads were written in the 14th century.

The stories of Robin Hood are typically set in England between the 1100s and the 1400s. Most of the events take place in or near Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire. In popular culture Robin Hood is typically seen as a contemporary and supporter of the late 12th-century king Richard the Lionheart. Robin became an outlaw during the rule of Richard's brother John while Richard was away at the Third Crusade.

The key members of the Merry Men are an enormous man jokingly known as Little John, a traveling priest named Friar Tuck, and the outlaw Will Scarlet. In many versions of the legend, Robin falls in love with a young woman named Maid Marian. The main enemy of Robin’s band is the Sheriff of Nottingham. The band clashes with dishonest local abbots as well.

Some people believe that Robin Hood was an actual person, usually identified as Robert Fitzooth, the earl of Huntington. But most of scholars think that Robin was a fictional character.

A number of prominent authors wrote about Robin Hood in the 18th and 19th centuries, including Sir Walter Scott and John Keats. In England during the Victorian Age (1837-1901), the legend became a popular inspiration for children's tales.

Четвертый билет. Английские народные сказки.

Fairy tales usually begin with a formula such as “once upon a time,” setting the story in an indefinite time and place. Their usual theme is the triumph over difficulty, with or without supernatural aid, of the one least likely to succeed. The characters are stylized—wicked stepmothers, stupid ogres, or handsome princes. The hero, however poor or friendless, has easy access to the king and may, through luck, cleverness, or magic information, win the king's daughter in marriage and automatically inherit the kingdom. English folk fairy tales were written down and published later than French fairy tales which were published by Charles Perrault in 1697 or German tales which were published by brothers Grimm in 1812. English faire tales were collected and published by Joseph Jacobs (1854-1916) in 1890. Thanks to Joseph Jacobs, over the years tales like ‘Goldilocks’, ‘The Three Little Pigs’, ‘Tom Tit Tot’, ‘Henny Penny’, Jack and the Beanstalk’ and numerous others have delighted young listeners.

Jacobs series of collections of fairytales make him one of the most popular writers of fairytales for English speaking children. In all his writings for children, Jacobs preserved the ‘oral voice’ – the way the stories should actually be told to children. In maintaining this approach, Jacobs gave the world versions of its best known and most representative folk stories in a form suited to children while remaining true to the essential core of the original versions. Jacobs rescued the fast-disappearing English tales from a threatened oblivion and rekindled interest in them by rewriting them in a style he himself once described “as good as an old nurse will speak”. Jacobs was said “the person most responsible for preserving the body of British folk tales”. The collection’s greatest significance is that it recorded old tales at a critical time when they were in danger of being lost.

Пятый билет. Собиратель английский народных сказок Джозеф Джейкобс.

Fairy tales usually begin with a formula such as “once upon a time,” setting the story in an indefinite time and place. Their usual theme is the triumph over difficulty, with or without supernatural aid, of the one least likely to succeed. The characters are stylized—wicked stepmothers, stupid ogres, or handsome princes. The hero, however poor or friendless, has easy access to the king and may, through luck, cleverness, or magic information, win the king's daughter in marriage and automatically inherit the kingdom. English folk fairy tales were written down and published later than French fairy tales which were published by Charles Perrault in 1697 or German tales which were published by brothers Grimm in 1812. English faire tales were collected and published by Joseph Jacobs (1854-1916) in 1890. Thanks to Joseph Jacobs, over the years tales like ‘Goldilocks’, ‘The Three Little Pigs’, ‘Tom Tit Tot’, ‘Henny Penny’, Jack and the Beanstalk’ and numerous others have delighted young listeners.

Jacobs series of collections of fairytales make him one of the most popular writers of fairytales for English speaking children. In all his writings for children, Jacobs preserved the ‘oral voice’ – the way the stories should actually be told to children. In maintaining this approach, Jacobs gave the world versions of its best known and most representative folk stories in a form suited to children while remaining true to the essential core of the original versions. Jacobs rescued the fast-disappearing English tales from a threatened oblivion and rekindled interest in them by rewriting them in a style he himself once described “as good as an old nurse will speak”. Jacobs was said “the person most responsible for preserving the body of British folk tales”. The collection’s greatest significance is that it recorded old tales at a critical time when they were in danger of being lost.

Шестой билет. Английская народная сказка «Джек и бобовый стебель»

Jack and the Beanstalk is an English folktale. The tale is closely associated with the tale of Jack the Giant-killer, and is known under a number of versions Joseph Jacobs rewrote it in English Fairy Tales in 1890. Jacobs's version is most commonly reprinted today. Дальше краткий пересказ содержания сказки. В учебнике для детей “English World” есть эта сказка совсем упрощенная и короткая. Мы эту версию сказки не читали, но слушали. Позже постараюсь сканировать ее и выложить.

Седьмой билет. Английская народная сказка «Ленивый Джек»

Lazy Jack is an English folktale. It has a lot of different versions. Joseph Jacobs rewrote it in English Fairy Tales in 1890. Jacobs's version is most commonly reprinted today. )Дальше краткий пересказ содержания сказки из нашей синей книжки)

Восьмой билет. Английская народная сказка «Том Тит Тот»

Tom Tit Tot is an English folktale. It has a lot of different versions. Joseph Jacobs rewrote it in English Fairy Tales in 1890. Jacobs's version is most commonly reprinted today. )Дальше краткий пересказ содержания сказки из нашей синей книжки)

Девятый билет «Даниеэль Дефо, как детский писатель, жизнь и творчество»

Daniel Defoe was born around 1659-1661 as Daniel Foe, “De” was added later. His father was a chandler. In 1665 the great plague of London broke out, but Foe’s family didn’t suffer. The Great Fire of London in 1666 hit Defoe's neighbourhood hard, leaving only his and two other homes standing. His mother died when he was 10 or 13.

Defoe began his working life as a merchant in the up-and-coming middle class. In 1684 he married Mary Tuffey and had eight children in all, six of whom survived. He struggled with his finances, eventually ending up in a debtor’s prison in 1692. On his release, he travelled in Scotland and Europe, traded in Spain, and then returned to set up a brick factory in 1696.

Throughout his life, Defoe was heavily involved in political activities, particularly through the writing and distributing of pamphlets. In 1719 Daniel Defoe wrote his first novel The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner.

More novels followed, the most famous of which were his final two, Moll Flanders (1722) and Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (1724).|

In the final years of his life, Defoe returned to writing pamphlets, again largely political and religious, as well as works on travel and trade. In total, over 500 works, ranging from poems to novels, have been credited to Defoe, under 198 different pen names. He died on 24 April 1731 and was buried in Burnhill Fields, London. The founder of modern fiction, he remains one of the greatest writers the world has ever seen.