Определите основную идею текста.

			All societies have regarded the family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization.
			In all societies the family as a basic social group must pay particular attention to the emotional support of infants and young children and their socialization.
			The functions of the family, its composition, structure, life cycle and the roles of husbands and wives have been thoroughly studied in all societies.
			Earlier traditional families usually performed many of the functions which are now performed by specialized institutions, such as education, religion, recreation, etc.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, выделить главные компоненты содержания текста, то есть определить основную идею текстовой информации. В тексте говорится о том, что семья всегда рассматривалась как основная единица социальной организации общества («The family, a basic social group… has been present in all societies» – фрагмент 1), главная задача которой – обеспечивать своим членам защиту, дружеское отношение, безопасность и социализацию («Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization» – фрагмент 1). Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «All societies have regarded the family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization» («Во всех обществах семья рассматривалась как основная единица социальной организации, которая должна обеспечивать своим членам защиту, дружеское отношение, безопасность и социализацию»).

Landmark Inventions of the Millennium 1. The last 1,000 years have produced an incredible number and variety of scientific and technological breakthroughs – but which of these were the most important? Narrowing a list of the thousands of inventions made since the year 1000 to the ten greatest requires some exact criteria. The qualifying inventions either provided radically new ways to do an important job, or they made possible tasks that were previously unimagined. Their impact was felt, if not right away then eventually, by a large portion of humanity. These developments have made possible significant new technological innovations and scientific discoveries. And finally, they have had an enduring effect on the world. 2. The inventions that meet these criteria, in chronological order, are the compass, the mechanical clock, the glass lens, the printing press, the steam engine, the telegraph, electric power, wireless communications, antibiotics, and the transistor. Missing from this list are many extremely significant technological advances, including the airplane, telephone, automobile, and computer. In many cases these inventions were omitted because they are based on earlier developments or breakthroughs. 3. In considering the ten most significant inventions of the past 1,000 years, a subtle distinction must be made: the difference between «invention» and «discovery» is not as clear as one might think. A discovery can be as simple as the observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenon, while an invention is a human-devised machine, tool, or apparatus that did not previously exist. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

There are ten inventions which are considered to be the most significant ones of the Millennium.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. One of the qualifying criteria of a landmark invention is that it …

makes possible significant innovations and discoveries

Ответьте на вопрос: Which of the inventions: the airplane, the steam engine, automobile, computer – was included into the list of the most important inventions of the Millennium?

The steam engine was.