IV. Употребите соответствующие модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты и переведите предложения.

1. I’m afraid I … help you at the moment.

2. Sorry, I … to go now. The meeting begins in five minutes.

3. This is my advice: you … speak to your boss.

4. We … be able to deliver in two weeks, but I am not sure.

5. … you help me?

V. Прочитайте и переведите письменно следующий текст.

Market Economy

A market economy (also called a free market economy or a free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services take place through the mechanism of free markets guided by a free price system. In a market economy, businesses and consumers decide themselves what they will purchase and produce. Technically this means that the producer gets to decide what to produce, how much to produce, what to charge to customers for those goods, what to pay employees, etc., and not the government. These decisions in a free-market economy are influenced by the pressures of competition, supply, and demand.

Mixed Economy

No pure market economy exists. Thus, almost all economies in the world today are mixed economies which combine varying degrees of market and command economy traits.

A mixed economy is an economy that has a mix of characteristics essential to disparate economic systems. It is usually defined as an economy that contains both private-owned and state-owned enterprises or a mix of market economy and command economy characteristics.

There is not one single definition for a mixed economy, but relevant aspects include a degree of private economic freedom (including privately owned industry) intermingled with centralized economic planning (which may include intervention for environmentalism and social welfare, or state ownership of some of means of production).

For some states, there is not a consensus on whether they are capitalist, socialist, or mixed economies. Economies in states ranging from the United States to Cuba have been termed mixed economies. By most definitions, Canada could be referred to as a mixed economy, as Canadian health care is nationalized in order to provide health care free of charge.

VI. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений и выучите их:

рыночная экономика, экономическая система, производство и распределение товаров, система свободных цен, предложение, спрос, смешанная экономика, центральное планирование экономики, средства производства, бесплатно.

VII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is a market economy?

2. Traits of which economies does mixed economy combine?

3. Describe the characteristics of mixed economy.

VIII. Выпишите из текста 6 прилагательных со словами, к которым они относятся, определите их степени сравнения, словосочетания переведите.

Контрольная работа № 1 (вариант b)

I. Измените предложения, употребив существительные во множественном числе. Предложения переведите.

Образец: This is our employer. – Это наш работодатель.

These are our employers. – Это наши работодатели.

1. Government is a taxing authority. 2. This is a reliable bank. 3. That customer is not a shareholder. 4. That man was a manager. 5. This is a new product.

II. Выберите притяжательное или личное местоимение по смыслу. Предложения переведите.

1. This firm is (she, her, hers). 2. Do (you, your, yours) take part in economic activity? 3. (They, their, theirs) like to shop at chain stores. 4. (He, his) credit is profitable. 5. (We, our, ours) don’t use credit cards. 6. (She, her, hers) left (she, her, hers) office at 6 pm. 7. (I, my, mine) work in marketing.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребив соответствующие глагольные формы. Предложения переведите.

1. Two years ago the President of the firm (not like) my idea.

2. Yesterday at 10 am the accountant (check) the figures carefully.

3. I (not work) here.

4. Sorry, Mr. Clark can’t see you at the moment. He (talk) to a customer.

5. By 2 pm tomorrow the Board of Directors (sign) the contract.

6. I (know) Jack since we worked together in Spain.

7. By 2 o’clock yesterday he (build) sufficient contacts to help us.