Answer the following questions:

1. Where did Pestalozzi study?

2. Why was he forced to abandon his career?

3. Whose ideas was he influenced by?

4. What did he establish as a central educational force?

5. What was an industrial school to be?

6. Where did he express his theories?

7. What novels did he write?

8. What was learning based on?

9. How should children learn?

10. What ways did he set out?

11. What educational establishments did he conduct his research in?

12. What method of instruction did he want to establish?

13. What powers of children should be cultivated to help them to arrive at answers?

14. What system did he oppose?

15. What principles should a system of education be based on?

16. What should teacher training consist of?

17. What were the principles characterising his method?

18. What is Pestalozzi’s contribution to the theory of education?

Ask your neighbour:

1. where Pestalozzi was educated;

2. who he was brought up by;

3. if Pestalozzi was forced to abandon his career;

4. where he conducted a school for poor children;

5. what activities were to be combined in the school for orphans;

6. if the industrial school for orphans was a financial failure;

7. what theories Pestalozzi expressed in his novels;

8. if his novels had didactic character;

9. if children should deal with words while learning;

10. if Pestalozzi put Rousseau’s theory into practice;

11. how children should arrive at answers;

12. what the aim of education according to Pestalozzi is;

13. if he abolished flogging;

14. if Pestalozzi stressed the individuality of the child;

15. what teachers should be taught;

16. if the teacher should be a loving facilitator of knowledge;

17. which German educator worked at Pestalozzi’s institute in Yverdon;

18. if a unified science of education must exist.

Exercises

1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary.

1. Heinrich Pestalozzi was born ... Zurich and educated ... the University ... Zurich.

2. He was influenced ... the works ... Rousseau.

3. Rousseau laid emphasis ... the role ... the tutor.

4. He established a school ... orphans.

5. He expressed his theory ... social reform ... education.

6. Learning was based ... immediate observation ... children.

7. Instead ... dealing ... words children should learn ... activity.

8. The methods were based ... research.

9. His principle was ... the known ... the unknown, ... the simple ... the complex, ... the concrete ... the abstract.

2. Read the sentences translating the words in brackets into English.

1. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was brought up by his mother (поскольку его

отец умер, когда мальчику было только пять лет).

2. At his farm near Zurich (он организовал школу для бедных детей).

3. He considered school (центральной обучающей силой).

4. The school was to be a production unit, (чтобы дети могли финансировать свое обучение).

5. (По Песталоцци) сhildren should learn (через деятельность).

6. He wanted to establish (психологический метод обучения).

7. (Основная цель образования – обучать ребенка как единое целое), intellectual education is only a part of a wider plan.

8. Teachers are to be taught (как развивать индивидуальные способности ребенка).

9. The teacher should (создавать благоприятные условия для получения знаний).