13. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей.

1. Market demand is

2. An improvement in technology is a change that

3. Profits are

4. As long as the total demand and the total supply of the commodity remain equal,

5. Part of a company's profits is put back into the business rather than

6. Examining how revenues and costs change with the level of output pro­duced and sold,

7. With inflation, people have to in­crease expenditure because

8. Profit depends on

9. Opportunity cost is the amount

a. revenues minus costs.

b. the firm can select the output level maximizing its profit.

c. paid out as dividends.

d. the equilibrium price will remain unchanged.

e. makes it possible for firms to pro­duce more goods with the same amount of resources as before.

f. how much the amount received is greater than the amounts paid.

g. the total demand from all consum­ers.

h. the old level of expenditure in mon­ey terms now buys a smaller quan­tity of goods.

i. an input can obtain in its use elsewhere.

14. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод причастий I и п.

1. The syndicate controls prices and output and, allotting (отводить, выделять) quotas to its members, it divides the market demand among them.

2. Boom is a period of increased business activity when a rising de­mand for all commodities results in increased industrial produc­tion.

3. If free migration between countries is allowed, people from poor coun­tries will be able to go elsewhere looking for higher incomes.

4. People working in their own businesses should calculate the cost of their own time spent in running the business.

5. Varying input, the firm can vary output.

6. The work of a farmworker and the work of a nurse are very different, but both are measured in terms of payment received.

Задание на дом № 3

15. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на слова и сло­восочетания из словарного минимума к тексту Theory of Supply.

1. The aim of macroeconomics is to examine and explain economic facts for the total nation, such as the total money supply, production, con­sumption, etc.

2. Profit is the revenue from selling the output minus the costs of inputs used.

3. For each level of output, the marginal costs are lower as the input price decreases.

4. A business needs some financial capital to start the business before the corresponding revenue is earned.

5. If bad harvests raise farmers' revenues and good harvests result in a fall in agricultural prices and farmers' revenues, you may now be thinking why farmers do not get together and restrict their supply thus increas­ing revenues.

6. Opportunity costs should be counted for labour and financial capital used.

7. European firms (and some from the United States and elsewhere) co­operate with East-European firms.

8. A change in the price of input, price of alternative output, technolog­ical factors, and the number of firms will result in a market supply change.