Аудиторная работа № 1

4. Назовите русские эквиваленты следующих интернациональных слов:

organization, elastic, lord, standard, person, personal, million, to circu­late, to calculate, calculation, typically, equivalent, real, to cultivate, quota, syndicate, activity, migration

5. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова, и переведите их на русский язык, не пользуясь словарем:

1) to limit, limited, unlimited, limit, limitation

2) to change, changing, changed, unchanged, change

3) to affect, affected, unaffected, affecting

6. Назовите предложения, где пропущен эквивалент слова который. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. Supply is the amount of a good that will be offered in the market at a certain price and time.

2. Firms' decisions about how much to produce depend on the costs of production and on the revenues they receive from selling the output.

3. The amount of output firms want to offer depends on costs and revenues.

4. Inputs are the factors of production (land, labour and capital, includ­ing materials) that are put into a business for producing output as a commodity or a service.

5. The economist is interested in the role of costs and profits affecting the firm's supply decisions and the allocation of resources for producing particular goods.

6. There are a lot of factors in agriculture that must be assumed as risks by the farmers.

7. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык. Обратите внимание на значения причастий и на интернациональные слова.

a business owned and run by one or more members of the same family; financial analysis using statistical information about the past and examining present market tendencies; limited resources; supplying farm commodities; commodities supplied by individual firms; men running their own businesses; commodities offered at the market; decisions following the economic analy­sis; goods consumed; choice restrictions imposed by prices

8. Замените русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами.

1. For each output level (производственные издержки) depend on tech­nology.

2. The concepts (понятия) of (предельных издержек) and (предельного дохода) are of great (польза) for economic analysis, supply analysis, (в особенности).

3. For each possible (объема производства) level, a firm will want to know how much it will cost to produce this (продукцию) and how much (дохода) will be (заработано) by selling it.

4. Land is one of the factors of production called natural resources (включая) also minerals, water, weather, etc.

5. The concept of (альтернативных издержек) is of great importance in economics because it affects every decision in which limited re­sources and a choice between (альтернативными использованиями) play their role.

6. The financial capital may be used (где-нибудь еще) and bring in profit.

Задание на дом № 2

9. Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме. Переведи­те предложения на русский язык.

1. Mixed economy is an economic system in which some industries (to own) by the state and others (to own) by private persons and firms.

2. When supply is increased, a larger amount (to offer) at a given price.

3. The supply of agricultural products cannot be (to increase) within a very short period of time.

4. The aim of the Organization of Petroleum (to export) Countries (OPEC) (to found) in 1961 is to maintain a standard price for oil and, if neces­sary, to limit output. In 1973 the OPEC suddenly (to begin) to use its influence (to raise) the world price of oil so that by the end of 1974 the price (to rise) three times in most (to import) countries. It (to increase) many times since then.

5. Marginal revenue is the additional revenue (to earn) by a producer from selling one more unit of his product.

6. Money supply is the total amount of money (to hold) by all persons and organizations in a country at a particular time.

7. The revenue (to obtain) from selling output depends on the demand.

8. Landless farmers, that is, farmers (to own) no land, have to cultivate land (to own) by others.

9. Economists use the word "capital" for goods not entirely (to use) up in the production process, during a particular period. Electricity is not "capital" as it (to use) entirely in the production process.

10. With less risk of a fall of price between the time decisions (to make) and commodities (to sell), producers will use additional inputs.

11. Supply (to depend) on output prices and input prices. An increase in the price of an input (to result) in a reduced use of that input. A reduction in the price of an output (to have) the same effect as an increase in the price of input, that is, a reduced use of input. The input use (not to change), provided output and input prices (to rise) or (to fall) by an equal per­centage. Thus, the effect on output of a decrease in product prices (can) (to be neutralized) by an equal percentage decrease in input prices. Some­times the prices of inputs and outputs (to change) together. For example, a fall of livestock product prices (to reduce) the demand for feed grains. This (to lead) to a fall in the price of feeds, that is, the price of inputs.