- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Traditional b. Tradition c. Traditions 2. A. Meaning b. Means c. Mean
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Technical b. Technology c. Techniques 2. A. Cultured b. Uncultured c. Cultures d. Culture
- •Chapter Two
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Regional b. Region c. Regions 2. A. Different b. Differences c. Difference 3. A. Are called b. Call
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Nations b. National c. Nation 2. A. Dominate b. Dominated c. Dominant 3. A. Diversity b. Diverse
- •Chapter Three
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Individualist b. Individualism c. Individualistic d. Individual 2. A. Collectivists b. Collectivism c. Collectivistic
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Owns b. Owned c. Own, own 2. A. Watch b. Watching c. Watched 3. A. Memories b. Memory
- •Chapter Four
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Violent b. Violently c. Violence 2. A. Egalitarian b. Equal c. Equality 3. A. Hunters b. Hunting c. Hunt
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Traditional b. Tradition c. Traditions d. Traditionally 2. A. Hierarchies b. Hierarchical c. Hierarchy
- •Chapter Five
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Farmers b. Farming c. Farms 2. A. Horticulture b. Horticulturalists c. Horticultural 3. A. Gardening b. Garden
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Developers b. Developed c. Develop 2. A. Plants b. Planted c. Planting 3. A. Preserved b. Preserve
- •Chapter Six
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Domesticated b. Domesticable c. Domesticate 2. A. Can be used to b. Can be used as c. Can be used for 3. A. Be kept b. Keep
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Herd b. Herders c. Herding d. Herds 2. A. Pastorals b. Pastoral
- •Chapter Seven
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Flooding b. Floods c. Flooded 2. A. Invented b. Inventions c. Inventive 3. A. Differ b. Different
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Irrigation b. Irrigated c. Irrigate 2. A. Fertilize b. Fertile c. Fertilizers 3. A. Intensively b. Intensive
- •Chapter Eight
- •Chapter Nine
- •Chapter Ten
- •Chapter Eleven
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Slave b. Slaves c. Slavery 2. A. Alienated b. Alienating c. Aliination 3. A. Introduced b. Introduction
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Clothes b. Clothe c. Clothed 2. A. Industrializing b. Industrial c. Industrialization d. Industrialized 3. A. Diversity b. Diverse
- •Chapter Twelve
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Herd b. Herders c. Herding d. Herds 2. A. Pastorals b. Pastoral
Meaning Matching: 1. pastorals – herders 2. graze – feed 3. summer – mountains 4. unlike – different from 5. winter – lowlands 6. move – travel 7. Kenya – Maasai
Summary Completion: Pastorals are (e) herding societies. They keep different kinds of (a) animals. Some (i) pastorals in Northern Europe herd reindeer. In Asia, Mongolians (c) herd sheep, (f) horses and camels. Camels are also (d) herded in Northern Africa and the Middle East. In Kenya, the (g) Maasai herd cattle. The (h) number of pastoral societies in the world today is (f) decreasing.
Chapter Seven
Before You Begin: 1. Agriculture began approximately 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. 2. The new theory is that agriculture started because animals died in areas that were flooded at the end of the ice age. These same areas were fertile and allowed for farming.
Comprehension Check: 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Flooding b. Floods c. Flooded 2. A. Invented b. Inventions c. Inventive 3. A. Differ b. Different
Meaning Matching: 1. inventions – discoveries 3. theories – ideas 3. edible – able to eat 4. fertile soil – riverbanks 5. animals died – from floods 6. agricultural revolution – farming started 7. global warming – oceans rose
Summary Completion: Fumiko and Ken are talking about the (b) agricultural revolution. Ken asks Fumiko how (d) farming started and Fumiko says there are (c) different theories. One (i) theory is that it was the result of human (g) inventiveness. Another theory (h) suggests that farming only began after large (a) animals died in (e) floods at the end of the last (f) ice age.
Comprehension Check: 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Irrigation b. Irrigated c. Irrigate 2. A. Fertilize b. Fertile c. Fertilizers 3. A. Intensively b. Intensive
Meaning Matching: 1. surplus crops – extra food 2. division of labor – different kinds of work 3. irrigation from – lakes and rivers 4. intense labor – many workers 5. work – labor 6. draft animals – horses 7. excavation – dig ditches
Summary Completion: Agriculture can (i) produce enough food to (b) feed many people. However, it is (e) intensive labor. (g) Many people must work to plant and (d) harvest crops. As (a) a result the population increases. Agriculture also requires (c) greater division (h) of labor. People must do different (f) kinds of work.
Chapter Eight
Before You Begin: 1. No. 2. Surplus food is kept for certain groups of people.
Comprehension Check: 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
Vocabulary Building: 1. a. patriarchies b. patriarchy c. patriarchal 2. a. taxation b. taxes c. taxed 3. a. generally b. general
Meaning Matching: 1. change – become something else 2. tribute – tax 3. leaders – village chiefs 4. patriarchal – ale dominated 5. in general – generally 6. come and – go 7. equal – egalitarian
Summary Completion: There are no (b) feudal societies today. However, they are (a) a kind of agricultural society. If we (h) study them, we can (e) learn how agricultural (g) societies change. WE can learn (d) how they become patriarchal and stratified. (f) much of the reason for (i) this relates to surplus (c) food.
Comprehension Check: 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
Vocabulary Building: 1. a. own b. ownership c. owners 2. ruling b. rulers
Meaning Matching: 1. a portion – part of 2. as a result – because 3. class differences – stratification 4. private property – individual ownership 5. control – power 6. population pressure – more people 7. shift – more people
Summary Completion: Agricultural societies must (c) expand because they need to increase the (g) population. This is because (f) more people are needed to work the land. Surplus food allows for population (e) increase. (d) gradually, these societies become stratified. A ruling (b) class of property owners develops. Farmers become (h) serfs. They must give (a) a portion of their crops to the rulers. This is called (i) tribute.