- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Traditional b. Tradition c. Traditions 2. A. Meaning b. Means c. Mean
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Technical b. Technology c. Techniques 2. A. Cultured b. Uncultured c. Cultures d. Culture
- •Chapter Two
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Regional b. Region c. Regions 2. A. Different b. Differences c. Difference 3. A. Are called b. Call
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Nations b. National c. Nation 2. A. Dominate b. Dominated c. Dominant 3. A. Diversity b. Diverse
- •Chapter Three
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Individualist b. Individualism c. Individualistic d. Individual 2. A. Collectivists b. Collectivism c. Collectivistic
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Owns b. Owned c. Own, own 2. A. Watch b. Watching c. Watched 3. A. Memories b. Memory
- •Chapter Four
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Violent b. Violently c. Violence 2. A. Egalitarian b. Equal c. Equality 3. A. Hunters b. Hunting c. Hunt
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Traditional b. Tradition c. Traditions d. Traditionally 2. A. Hierarchies b. Hierarchical c. Hierarchy
- •Chapter Five
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Farmers b. Farming c. Farms 2. A. Horticulture b. Horticulturalists c. Horticultural 3. A. Gardening b. Garden
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Developers b. Developed c. Develop 2. A. Plants b. Planted c. Planting 3. A. Preserved b. Preserve
- •Chapter Six
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Domesticated b. Domesticable c. Domesticate 2. A. Can be used to b. Can be used as c. Can be used for 3. A. Be kept b. Keep
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Herd b. Herders c. Herding d. Herds 2. A. Pastorals b. Pastoral
- •Chapter Seven
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Flooding b. Floods c. Flooded 2. A. Invented b. Inventions c. Inventive 3. A. Differ b. Different
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Irrigation b. Irrigated c. Irrigate 2. A. Fertilize b. Fertile c. Fertilizers 3. A. Intensively b. Intensive
- •Chapter Eight
- •Chapter Nine
- •Chapter Ten
- •Chapter Eleven
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Slave b. Slaves c. Slavery 2. A. Alienated b. Alienating c. Aliination 3. A. Introduced b. Introduction
- •Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Clothes b. Clothe c. Clothed 2. A. Industrializing b. Industrial c. Industrialization d. Industrialized 3. A. Diversity b. Diverse
- •Chapter Twelve
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Traditional b. Tradition c. Traditions d. Traditionally 2. A. Hierarchies b. Hierarchical c. Hierarchy
Meaning Matching: 1. matrilineal – mother’s line 2. drill – oil and natural gas 3. cut down – forests 4. observe – study 5. minerals – gold, copper 6. build – roads 7. good life – live well
Summary Completion: Hunters and gatherers can teach us many things about (d) how to live. They have lived on earth (g) longer than any other group of people. They have many (i) traditional stories, which teach us about nature. They pass their traditions on to their (b) children. Hunters and gatherers (f) live well. They only have to work (a) a few hours a day. They are (c) healthy and have a good life. However, today (h) they are endangered. Developers are (e) invading their lands.
Chapter Five
Before You Begin: 1. Horticultural societies are gardening societies. 2. They differ from hunters and gatherers in that they do small-scale farming.
Comprehension Check: 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Farmers b. Farming c. Farms 2. A. Horticulture b. Horticulturalists c. Horticultural 3. A. Gardening b. Garden
Meaning Matching: 1. hard – back breaking 2. small-scale – subsistence 3. horticulture – gardening 4. roses – flowers 5. apples – fruit 6. start – begin 7. cabbage – vegetables
Summary Completion: Horticulturalists are (h) similar to hunters and gatherers. In (a) addition to hunting, fishing and gathering, they also (d) engage in some gardening. They have (i) small-scale subsistence (g) plots where they (f) grow different kinds of fruits and vegetables. Farming is hard, (b) back-breaking work. Hunters and gatherers only (c) begin to farm when there is not (e) enough food.
Comprehension Check: 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Developers b. Developed c. Develop 2. A. Plants b. Planted c. Planting 3. A. Preserved b. Preserve
Meaning Matching: 1. feast – party 2. surplus – extra 3. cooperate – work together 4. crops – plants 5. preserve – keep 6. develop – make 7. technique – method
Summary Completion: Many horticultural (h) societies are matrilineal. In matrilineal society, (i) women have more economic power than women in (d) industrial societies. They (f) share in production and (c) decision making. They (b) cooperate in building houses, hunting, fishing and gardening. Many horticultural societies use (g) slash and burn techniques in gardening. They burn a small (a) area of (e) land for planting.
Chapter Six
Before You Begin: 1. No, some remain hunters and gatherers and some become pastorals. 2. They use animals for work and food.
Comprehension Check: 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
Vocabulary Building: 1. A. Domesticated b. Domesticable c. Domesticate 2. A. Can be used to b. Can be used as c. Can be used for 3. A. Be kept b. Keep
Meaning Matching: 1. horses – used for work 2. domesticated – trained 3. keep for food – eat 4. skins – used to make clothing 5. bones – used to make tools 6. cows – used for milk and cheese 7. ranchers – modern-day pastorals
Summary Completion: Many hunting and gathering societies (b) develop into horticultural cultures. Some (h) remain as hunters and gathers. They do not (a) begin to (c) farm. Still others develop (e) into pastoral societies. (g) Pastorals also hunt. However, in addition to hunting, they (f) keep animals. These animals are (i) used for both work and (d) food.
Comprehension Check: 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False