Key Terms

1.0 Images of Life-Span Development: The Doman Better Baby Institute and What Is Wrong with It

Doman Better Baby Institute

constructed knowledge

direct knowledge

2. Piaget’s Theory of Infant Development

qualitative difference

sensorimotor stage of development

scheme (schema)

simple reflexes

first habits and primary circular reactions

habit

primary circular reactions

secondary circular reactions

coordination of secondary circular reactions

intentionality - произвольность

tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

tertiary circular reactions

internalization of schemes

symbol

object permanence - устойчивость

3.0 A New Perspective on Cognitive Development in Infancy intermodal perception

4.0The Information Processing Perspective on Infant Development

information processing perspective

habituation

dishabituation

memory

imitation

deferred imitation - замедленная …

.

5.0 Individual Differences in Intelligence individual differences

developmental quotient

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

6.0 Language Development

language

infinite generativity

language rule systems

phonemes phonology

morpheme morphology

syntax grammar

surface structure

deep structure

semantics

pragmatics

language acquisition device (LAD)

critical period

motherese

recasting

echoing

expanding

labeling

receptive vocabulary

spoken vocabulary

holophrase hypothesis

telegraphic speech

mean length of utterance (MLU)

7.0 Contemporary Concerns

live language

mechanical language

Essay and Critical Thinking Questions

Comprehension and Application Essay Questions

We recommend that you follow either our guidelines for "Answering Essay and Critical Thinking Questions," or those provided by your instructor, when preparing your response to these questions. Your answers to these kinds of questions demonstrate an ability to comprehend and apply ideas discussed in this chapter.

1. Compare and contrast the methods used by Piaget and information processing researchers to study infant cognition.

2. Explain why Piaget referred to the initial stage of cognitive development as the sensorimotor E period.

3. What is the relationship between each of the substages in Piaget's theory of the sensorimotor period? How does the infant get from one stage to the next?

4. Although Piaget believes that the development of object permanence is a major accomplishment of the sensorimotor period; there is, however, no longer complete agreement on what it means or how it develops in the infant. Compare and contrast Piaget's view and one of the two alternative views about the development of object permanence.

5. How do information processing theorists approach to development? How would you convince a friend that imitation and deferred imitation demonstrate information processing by infants?

6. If you were a parent of an infant, what would you learn about your infant from the Gesell and I the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

7. Explain infinite generativity and the five rule systems of language.

8. Discuss evidence regarding the nature and nurture bases for language development.

9. Summarize the milestones in the development of language by infants.

10. For a period of time, infants utter sentences of approximately one word. Explain whether these utterances accurately reflect the level of thinking of a child.