- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Overview and Definitions
- •Overview
- •General Definitions
- •Glossary
- •List of Symbols
- •Greek Symbols
- •Others
- •Self-assessment Questions
- •Answers
- •2 The Atmosphere
- •Introduction
- •The Physical Properties of Air
- •Static Pressure
- •Temperature
- •Air Density
- •International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
- •Dynamic Pressure
- •Key Facts
- •Measuring Dynamic Pressure
- •Relationships between Airspeeds
- •Airspeed
- •Errors and Corrections
- •V Speeds
- •Summary
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Basic Aerodynamic Theory
- •The Principle of Continuity
- •Bernoulli’s Theorem
- •Streamlines and the Streamtube
- •Summary
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Subsonic Airflow
- •Aerofoil Terminology
- •Basics about Airflow
- •Two Dimensional Airflow
- •Summary
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Lift
- •Aerodynamic Force Coefficient
- •The Basic Lift Equation
- •Review:
- •The Lift Curve
- •Interpretation of the Lift Curve
- •Density Altitude
- •Aerofoil Section Lift Characteristics
- •Introduction to Drag Characteristics
- •Lift/Drag Ratio
- •Effect of Aircraft Weight on Minimum Flight Speed
- •Condition of the Surface
- •Flight at High Lift Conditions
- •Three Dimensional Airflow
- •Wing Terminology
- •Wing Tip Vortices
- •Wake Turbulence: (Ref: AIC P 072/2010)
- •Ground Effect
- •Conclusion
- •Summary
- •Answers from page 77
- •Answers from page 78
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •6 Drag
- •Introduction
- •Parasite Drag
- •Induced Drag
- •Methods of Reducing Induced Drag
- •Effect of Lift on Parasite Drag
- •Aeroplane Total Drag
- •The Effect of Aircraft Gross Weight on Total Drag
- •The Effect of Altitude on Total Drag
- •The Effect of Configuration on Total Drag
- •Speed Stability
- •Power Required (Introduction)
- •Summary
- •Questions
- •Annex C
- •Answers
- •7 Stalling
- •Introduction
- •Cause of the Stall
- •The Lift Curve
- •Stall Recovery
- •Aircraft Behaviour Close to the Stall
- •Use of Flight Controls Close to the Stall
- •Stall Recognition
- •Stall Speed
- •Stall Warning
- •Artificial Stall Warning Devices
- •Basic Stall Requirements (EASA and FAR)
- •Wing Design Characteristics
- •The Effect of Aerofoil Section
- •The Effect of Wing Planform
- •Key Facts 1
- •Super Stall (Deep Stall)
- •Factors that Affect Stall Speed
- •1g Stall Speed
- •Effect of Weight Change on Stall Speed
- •Composition and Resolution of Forces
- •Using Trigonometry to Resolve Forces
- •Lift Increase in a Level Turn
- •Effect of Load Factor on Stall Speed
- •Effect of High Lift Devices on Stall Speed
- •Effect of CG Position on Stall Speed
- •Effect of Landing Gear on the Stall Speed
- •Effect of Engine Power on Stall Speed
- •Effect of Mach Number (Compressibility) on Stall Speed
- •Effect of Wing Contamination on Stall Speed
- •Warning to the Pilot of Icing-induced Stalls
- •Stabilizer Stall Due to Ice
- •Effect of Heavy Rain on Stall Speed
- •Stall and Recovery Characteristics of Canards
- •Spinning
- •Primary Causes of a Spin
- •Phases of a Spin
- •The Effect of Mass and Balance on Spins
- •Spin Recovery
- •Special Phenomena of Stall
- •High Speed Buffet (Shock Stall)
- •Answers to Questions on Page 173
- •Key Facts 2
- •Questions
- •Key Facts 1 (Completed)
- •Key Facts 2 (Completed)
- •Answers
- •8 High Lift Devices
- •Purpose of High Lift Devices
- •Take-off and Landing Speeds
- •Augmentation
- •Flaps
- •Trailing Edge Flaps
- •Plain Flap
- •Split Flap
- •Slotted and Multiple Slotted Flaps
- •The Fowler Flap
- •Comparison of Trailing Edge Flaps
- •and Stalling Angle
- •Drag
- •Lift / Drag Ratio
- •Pitching Moment
- •Centre of Pressure Movement
- •Change of Downwash
- •Overall Pitch Change
- •Aircraft Attitude with Flaps Lowered
- •Leading Edge High Lift Devices
- •Leading Edge Flaps
- •Effect of Leading Edge Flaps on Lift
- •Leading Edge Slots
- •Leading Edge Slat
- •Automatic Slots
- •Disadvantages of the Slot
- •Drag and Pitching Moment of Leading Edge Devices
- •Trailing Edge Plus Leading Edge Devices
- •Sequence of Operation
- •Asymmetry of High Lift Devices
- •Flap Load Relief System
- •Choice of Flap Setting for Take-off, Climb and Landing
- •Management of High Lift Devices
- •Flap Extension Prior to Landing
- •Questions
- •Annexes
- •Answers
- •9 Airframe Contamination
- •Introduction
- •Types of Contamination
- •Effect of Frost and Ice on the Aircraft
- •Effect on Instruments
- •Effect on Controls
- •Water Contamination
- •Airframe Aging
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •10 Stability and Control
- •Introduction
- •Static Stability
- •Aeroplane Reference Axes
- •Static Longitudinal Stability
- •Neutral Point
- •Static Margin
- •Trim and Controllability
- •Key Facts 1
- •Graphic Presentation of Static Longitudinal Stability
- •Contribution of the Component Surfaces
- •Power-off Stability
- •Effect of CG Position
- •Power Effects
- •High Lift Devices
- •Control Force Stability
- •Manoeuvre Stability
- •Stick Force Per ‘g’
- •Tailoring Control Forces
- •Longitudinal Control
- •Manoeuvring Control Requirement
- •Take-off Control Requirement
- •Landing Control Requirement
- •Dynamic Stability
- •Longitudinal Dynamic Stability
- •Long Period Oscillation (Phugoid)
- •Short Period Oscillation
- •Directional Stability and Control
- •Sideslip Angle
- •Static Directional Stability
- •Contribution of the Aeroplane Components.
- •Lateral Stability and Control
- •Static Lateral Stability
- •Contribution of the Aeroplane Components
- •Lateral Dynamic Effects
- •Spiral Divergence
- •Dutch Roll
- •Pilot Induced Oscillation (PIO)
- •High Mach Numbers
- •Mach Trim
- •Key Facts 2
- •Summary
- •Questions
- •Key Facts 1 (Completed)
- •Key Facts 2 (Completed)
- •Answers
- •11 Controls
- •Introduction
- •Hinge Moments
- •Control Balancing
- •Mass Balance
- •Longitudinal Control
- •Lateral Control
- •Speed Brakes
- •Directional Control
- •Secondary Effects of Controls
- •Trimming
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •12 Flight Mechanics
- •Introduction
- •Straight Horizontal Steady Flight
- •Tailplane and Elevator
- •Balance of Forces
- •Straight Steady Climb
- •Climb Angle
- •Effect of Weight, Altitude and Temperature.
- •Power-on Descent
- •Emergency Descent
- •Glide
- •Rate of Descent in the Glide
- •Turning
- •Flight with Asymmetric Thrust
- •Summary of Minimum Control Speeds
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •13 High Speed Flight
- •Introduction
- •Speed of Sound
- •Mach Number
- •Effect on Mach Number of Climbing at a Constant IAS
- •Variation of TAS with Altitude at a Constant Mach Number
- •Influence of Temperature on Mach Number at a Constant Flight Level and IAS
- •Subdivisions of Aerodynamic Flow
- •Propagation of Pressure Waves
- •Normal Shock Waves
- •Critical Mach Number
- •Pressure Distribution at Transonic Mach Numbers
- •Properties of a Normal Shock Wave
- •Oblique Shock Waves
- •Effects of Shock Wave Formation
- •Buffet
- •Factors Which Affect the Buffet Boundaries
- •The Buffet Margin
- •Use of the Buffet Onset Chart
- •Delaying or Reducing the Effects of Compressibility
- •Aerodynamic Heating
- •Mach Angle
- •Mach Cone
- •Area (Zone) of Influence
- •Bow Wave
- •Expansion Waves
- •Sonic Bang
- •Methods of Improving Control at Transonic Speeds
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •14 Limitations
- •Operating Limit Speeds
- •Loads and Safety Factors
- •Loads on the Structure
- •Load Factor
- •Boundary
- •Design Manoeuvring Speed, V
- •Effect of Altitude on V
- •Effect of Aircraft Weight on V
- •Design Cruising Speed V
- •Design Dive Speed V
- •Negative Load Factors
- •The Negative Stall
- •Manoeuvre Boundaries
- •Operational Speed Limits
- •Gust Loads
- •Effect of a Vertical Gust on the Load Factor
- •Effect of the Gust on Stalling
- •Operational Rough-air Speed (V
- •Landing Gear Speed Limitations
- •Flap Speed Limit
- •Aeroelasticity (Aeroelastic Coupling)
- •Flutter
- •Control Surface Flutter
- •Aileron Reversal
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •15 Windshear
- •Introduction (Ref: AIC 84/2008)
- •Microburst
- •Windshear Encounter during Approach
- •Effects of Windshear
- •“Typical” Recovery from Windshear
- •Windshear Reporting
- •Visual Clues
- •Conclusions
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •16 Propellers
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •Aerodynamic Forces on the Propeller
- •Thrust
- •Centrifugal Twisting Moment (CTM)
- •Propeller Efficiency
- •Variable Pitch Propellers
- •Power Absorption
- •Moments and Forces Generated by a Propeller
- •Effect of Atmospheric Conditions
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •17 Revision Questions
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Explanations to Specimen Questions
- •Specimen Examination Paper
- •Answers to Specimen Exam Paper
- •Explanations to Specimen Exam Paper
- •18 Index
Chapter
18
Index
593
18 Index
Index 18
594
Index 18
Symbols
1g Stall Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . 168
A
Accelerated Stall . . . . . . . . . . 187 Acceleration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Adverse Aileron Yaw. . . . . . . . . 342 Adverse Pressure Gradient . . . . . . 113 Aerodynamic Balance . . . . . . . . 335 Aerodynamic Centre (AC). . . . . . . 60 Aerodynamic Force Coefficient.. . . . 58,
71
Aerodynamic Heating. . . . . . . . 442 Aerodynamic Twisting Moment (ATM) . 507 Aeroelastic Coupling . . . . . . . . . 474 Aeroelasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Aerofoil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Aeroplane Total Drag . . . . . . . . 124 Aileron Reversal. . . . . . . . . . . 480 Aileron-rudder Coupling. . . . . . . 343 Air Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Airspeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Angle of Attack . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Angle of Attack Probe. . . . . . . . 153 Angle of Attack Vane. . . . . . . . 153 Angle of Descent in the Glide. . . . . 372 Angle of Incidence. . . . . . . . . . 52 Anti-balance Tab . . . . . . . . . . 337 Area Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Area (Zone) of Influence. . . . . . . 444 Artificial Feel (‘Q’ Feel) . . . . . . . . 339 Artificial Feel Trim . . . . . . . . . . 354 Aspect Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,
118
Asymmetric Blade Effect. . . . . . . 517 Asymmetric Thrust.. . . . . . . . . 349,
384
Automatic Slots . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Average Chord. . . . . . . . . . . . 85
B
Backlash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
474 |
Balance of Forces. . . . . . . . . . |
367 |
Balance Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . |
336 |
Basic Lift Equation. . . . . . . . . . |
72 |
Bernoulli’s Theorem. . . . . . . . . . |
44 |
Blade Angle or Pitch . . . . . . . . . |
503 |
Blade Twist. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
504 |
Boundary Layer Fences . . . . . . . . |
161 |
Boundary Layer Separation.. . . . . |
423 |
Bow Wave. . . . . . . . . . . . |
444 |
Buffet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
427 |
Buffet Margin.. . . . . . . . . . . |
432 |
Buffet Onset Chart . . . . . . . . . |
432 |
C |
|
Calibrated Airspeed. . . . . . . . . . |
31 |
Canards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
182 |
Centre of Gravity (CG). . . . . . . . . |
7 |
Centre of Pressure (CP). . . . . . . . |
53 |
Centrifugal Twisting Moment (CTM) . |
507 |
Chord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
52 |
Chord Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
52 |
Chord Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
53 |
Climb Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . |
369 |
CLMAX Augmentation. . . . . . . . . |
209 |
CLMAX Boundary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
461 |
Compressibility Error. . . . . . . . . |
32 |
Constant Speed Propeller . . . . . . . |
509 |
Control Balancing . . . . . . . . . |
335 |
Control Buzz.. . . . . . . . . . . |
427 |
Critical Angle of Attack. . . . . . . . |
145 |
Critical Engine. . . . . . . . . . . |
386 |
Crossed-control Stall. . . . . . . . |
187 |
D |
|
Deep Stall. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
166 |
Density Altitude. . . . . . . . . . . |
79 |
Design Cruising Speed VC. . . . . . |
464 |
Design Dive Speed VD . . . . . . . . |
464 |
Design Manoeuvring Speed, VA . . . . |
462 |
Differential Ailerons. . . . . . . . . |
343 |
Dihedral Effect. . . . . . . . . . . |
304 |
Divergence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 |
|
Dorsal Fin. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
294 |
Downwash. . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 |
|
Drag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
53 |
Dutch Roll. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
309 |
Dynamic Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . |
27, |
|
71 |
Dynamic Stability. . . . . . . . . . |
282 |
E |
|
Effective Airflow . . . . . . . . . . . |
95 |
Effective Angle of Attack. . . . . . . |
53, |
|
95 |
Effective Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . |
504 |
effective range. . . . . . . . . . . |
352 |
Effect of Weight.. . . . . . . . . . |
373 |
Effect of Wind . . . . . . . . . . . |
374 |
Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
474 |
Emergency Descent. . . . . . . . . |
371 |
Energy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
8 |
Energy Drag. . . . . . . . . . . . |
423 |
Index 18
595
18
Index 18
Index
Equilibrium. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equivalent Airspeed: (EAS). . . . . . .
Expansion Waves. . . . . . . . . .
F
Fin Stall. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed Tabs. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flaperons . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flapper Switch . . . . . . . . . . .
Flaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flexural Aileron Flutter . . . . . . . .
Flutter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Form (Pressure) Drag. . . . . . . . .
Fowler Flap. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Free Stream Mach number . . . . . .
Frise ailerons.. . . . . . . . . . .
Frost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G
365 |
L |
|
|
31 |
Laminar . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
114 |
|
445 |
|||
Landing Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . |
209 |
||
|
|||
|
Large Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . |
187 |
|
348 |
Leading Edge Flaps . . . . . . . . . |
216 |
|
352 |
Leading Edge Radius. . . . . . . . . |
53 |
|
344 |
Leading Edge Slat. . . . . . . . . |
218 |
|
152 |
Leading Edge Slots.. . . . . . . . . |
218 |
|
209 |
Lift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
53 |
|
478 |
Lift Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
76 |
|
474, |
Lift / Drag Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . |
214 |
|
477 |
Lift/Drag Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . |
80 |
|
7 |
Load Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . |
460 |
|
113 |
Load Factor in the Turn. . . . . . . . |
380 |
|
211 |
Local Mach Number . . . . . . . . |
411 |
|
411 |
Longitudinal Control. . . . . . . . . |
279 |
|
343 |
Longitudinal Dihedral . . . . . . . . |
262 |
|
179 |
Long Period Oscillation . . . . . . . . |
287 |
M
Geometric Pitch. . . . . . . . . . . |
503 |
Mach Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . |
443 |
|
Geometric twist. . . . . . . . . . . |
157 |
Mach Cone. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
444 |
|
Glide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
372 |
Mach Number . . . . . . . . . . . |
408 |
|
‘g’ Limit on Turning. . . . . . . . . |
381 |
Mach Number (M). . . . . . . . . . |
31 |
|
Ground Effect . . . . . . . . . . . |
91 |
Mach Trim.. . . . . . . . . . . . |
311 |
|
Gust Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
467 |
Manoeuvre Boundaries. . . . . . . . |
465 |
|
Gyroscopic Effect. . . . . . . . . . |
515 |
Manoeuvre Envelope . . . . . . . . |
461 |
|
H |
|
Manoeuvre Point. . . . . . . . . . |
275 |
|
Helix Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
504 |
Manoeuvre Stability . . . . . . . . |
274 |
|
Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
|||
High Lift Devices . . . . . . . . . . |
82 |
|||
Mass Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . |
340 |
|||
High Mach Numbers . . . . . . . . . |
311 |
|||
Mass Distribution. . . . . . . . . . |
474 |
|||
High Speed Buffet. . . . . . . . . . |
189 |
|||
Maximum Camber. . . . . . . . . . |
53 |
|||
Hinge Moments. . . . . . . . . . . |
334 |
|||
Maximum Operating Speed . . . . . . |
466 |
|||
Horn Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . |
335 |
|||
Maximum Structural Cruise Speed. . . |
466 |
|||
I |
|
|||
|
Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC). . . . |
85 |
||
Ice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
179 |
Mean Line or Camber Line . . . . . . . |
53 |
|
Microburst . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 |
||||
Indicated Airspeed.. . . . . . . . . |
31 |
|||
Minimum Control Airspeed.. . . . . |
391 |
|||
Induced Downwash. . . . . . . . . . |
86, |
|||
Minimum Turn Radius. . . . . . . . |
381 |
|||
|
116 |
|||
Induced Drag. . . . . . . . . . . . |
116 |
MMO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
466 |
|
Induced Drag Coefficient (CDi ). . . . . |
121 |
Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
9 |
|
Inertia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. 8 |
Multiple Slotted Flaps . . . . . . . . |
210 |
|
Instrument Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
32 |
N |
|
|
Interference Drag. . . . . . . . . |
115 |
Negative Load Factors. . . . . . . . |
464 |
|
Internal Balance. . . . . . . . . . . |
336 |
|||
Negative Stall. . . . . . . . . . . . |
465 |
|||
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). |
26 |
|||
Negative Static Stability. . . . . . . . |
241 |
|||
K |
|
|||
|
Neutral Dynamic Stability . . . . . . . |
283 |
||
Kinetic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . |
8 |
Neutral Point . . . . . . . . . . . . |
249 |
|
Krueger Flap. . . . . . . . . . . . |
216 |
|
|
|
596
Index 18
Neutral Static Stability. . . . . . . . |
241, |
Secondary Effects of Controls. . . . . |
350 |
||
Never Exceed Speed. . . . . . . . |
283 |
Secondary Stall. . . . . . . . . . . |
187 |
||
466 |
Servo Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
337 |
|||
Newton’s First Law of Motion. . . . . |
|
8 |
Shock Stall. . . . . . . . . . . . |
189 |
|
Newton’s Second Law of Motion. . . . |
. |
8 |
Short Period Oscillation. . . . . . . . |
288 |
|
Newton’s Third Law . . . . . . . . . |
|
9 |
Single-engine Angle of Climb . . . . . |
396 |
|
Normal Shock Waves. . . . . . . . . |
414 |
Single-engine Rate of Climb . . . . . . |
396 |
||
Nose Wheel Steering. . . . . . . . . |
394 |
Skin Friction Drag.. . . . . . . . . |
112 |
||
O |
|
|
Slots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
157 |
|
Oblique Shock Waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
419 |
Slotted Flap. . . . . . . . . . . . |
210 |
||
Small Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . |
188 |
||||
Operational Rough-air Speed (VRA / MRA). |
470 |
||||
Snow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
179 |
||||
Operational Speed Limits . . . . . . . |
466 |
Solidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
513 |
||
P |
|
|
|||
|
|
Sonic Bang . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
447 |
||
Parasite Drag . . . . . . . . . . . . |
112 |
Speed Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . |
346 |
||
Speed of Sound. . . . . . . . . . . |
. 31, |
||||
Parasite Drag Formula. . . . . . . . |
115 |
||||
|
407 |
||||
Phugoid. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
287 |
|
|||
Spinning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
183 |
||||
Pilot Induced Oscillation . . . . . . . |
285 |
||||
Spin Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . |
185 |
||||
Pilot Induced Oscillation (PIO) . . . . . |
310 |
||||
Spiral Divergence. . . . . . . . . . |
309 |
||||
Pitching Moment. . . . . . . . . . |
214 |
||||
Spiral Slipstream Effect . . . . . . . . |
516 |
||||
Plain Flap. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
209 |
||||
Split Flap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
210 |
||||
Position Error (Pressure Error).. . . . . |
|
32 |
|||
|
Spring Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
354 |
|||
Positive Static Stability. . . . . . . . |
241 |
||||
Stabilizer Stall. . . . . . . . . . . . |
182 |
||||
Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. |
8 |
|||
Stalling Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . |
145 |
||||
Power Absorption . . . . . . . . . . |
513 |
||||
Stall Limit on Turning. . . . . . . . . |
381 |
||||
Power Assisted Controls . . . . . . . |
338 |
||||
Stall Recognition . . . . . . . . . . |
148 |
||||
Power-off Stability. . . . . . . . . . |
264 |
||||
Stall Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . |
146 |
||||
Power-on Descent . . . . . . . . . . |
370 |
||||
Stall Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
148 |
||||
Power Required. . . . . . . . . . . |
130 |
||||
Stall Strips. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
158 |
||||
Pressure Distribution. . . . . . . . . |
|
71 |
|||
|
Stall Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . |
150 |
|||
Principle of Continuity. . . . . . . . . |
|
43 |
|||
|
Stall Warning Devices. . . . . . . . |
151 |
|||
Profile Drag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
114 |
||||
Static Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . |
250 |
||||
Propeller Efficiency. . . . . . . . . |
508 |
||||
Static Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
25 |
||||
Propeller Slip. . . . . . . . . . . |
504 |
||||
Static Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . |
241 |
||||
Q |
|
|
|||
|
|
Stick Position Stability . . . . . . . . |
271 |
||
|
|
|
|||
Q - Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
277 |
Stick Pusher. . . . . . . . . . . . |
167 |
||
R |
|
|
Stick Shaker. . . . . . . . . . . . |
151 |
|
Radius and Rate of Turn . . . . . . . |
378 |
Straight Steady Climb. . . . . . . . |
368 |
||
Streamlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
45 |
||||
Rate Control. . . . . . . . . . . . |
342 |
Streamlining. . . . . . . . . . . . |
114 |
||
Rate of Descent in the Glide. . . . . . |
374 |
Streamtube . . . . . . . . . . . . |
45 |
||
Rectangular Wing . . . . . . . . . . |
156 |
Supercritical Aerofoil. . . . . . . . . |
440 |
||
Relative Airflow. . . . . . . . . . . |
|
53 |
Super Stall.. . . . . . . . . . . . |
166 |
|
Roll Control Spoilers.. . . . . . . . |
343, |
Super Stall Prevention. . . . . . . . |
167 |
||
|
345 |
Surface Area.. . . . . . . . . . . . |
71 |
||
Root Chord. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
|
85 |
|||
|
Sweep Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . |
85 |
|||
Rudder Arm . . . . . . . . . . . . |
394 |
||||
Sweepback. . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 |
|||||
Rudder Ratio Changer. . . . . . . . |
349 |
||||
T |
|
||||
S |
|
|
Tapered Wing.. . . . . . . . . . . |
157 |
|
Saw Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . |
161 |
||||
Taper Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
85 |
||||
|
|
|
|||
Index 18
597
18
Index 18
Index
Temperature.. . . . . . . . . . . . |
26 |
Y |
|
Thickness/Chord Ratio.. . . . . . . . |
53 |
Yawing Moment . . . . . . . . . . 384 |
|
Three Dimensional Airflow. . . . . . . |
85 |
||
|
|||
Thrust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
506 |
|
|
Thrust Limit on Turning. . . . . . . . |
381 |
|
|
Tip Chord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
85 |
|
|
Torque (Propeller) . . . . . . . . . . |
506 |
|
|
Torque Reaction. . . . . . . . . . . |
514 |
|
|
Total Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . |
53 |
|
|
Trailing Edge Flaps. . . . . . . . . . |
209 |
|
|
Trimming. . . . . . . . . . . . . |
351 |
|
|
Trimming Tailplane. . . . . . . . . |
352 |
|
|
Trim Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
352 |
|
|
True Airspeed. . . . . . . . . . . . |
31 |
|
|
Turbulent Separation. . . . . . . . . |
114 |
|
|
Turn Co-ordination.. . . . . . . . . |
382 |
|
|
Two Dimensional Airflow . . . . . . . |
54 |
|
|
V |
|
|
|
VA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
462 |
|
|
Variable Camber Leading Edge Flap. . . 217 |
|
||
Variable Incidence (Trimming) Tailplane. |
352 |
|
|
Variable Pitch Propellers . . . . . . . |
509 |
|
|
Velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
8 |
|
|
Ventral Fin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
|
||
294, 300 |
|
||
VFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
473 |
|
|
VMCA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
391 |
|
|
VMCG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
391 |
|
|
VMCL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
391 |
|
|
VMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33, |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
VNE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
466 |
|
|
VNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
466 |
|
|
Vortex Generators. . . . . . . . . . |
159, |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
Vortilons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
161 |
|
|
V Speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
|
|
W |
|
|
|
Wake Turbulence. . . . . . . . . . . |
88 |
|
|
Wake Vortex . . . . . . . . . . . . |
88 |
|
|
Washout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 |
|
||
Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
|
|
Windmilling . . . . . . . . . . . . |
511 |
|
|
Wing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
85 |
|
|
Wing Fences. . . . . . . . . . . . |
161 |
|
|
Winglets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
122 |
|
|
Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
85 |
|
|
Wing Tip Vortices.. . . . . . . . . . |
86, |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
|
|
598