- •1. The title and the author of the text (article).
- •2. The source from which the text (article) is taken.
- •3. The main idea of the text (article).
- •4. The main topic of the text (article).
- •5. The structure of the text (article).
- •6. The contents of the text (subtopics), some facts, names, figures… .
- •7. The style and the language of the text (article).
- •8. The importance & topicality of the problem.
- •9. Your opinion of the text (article);
4. The main topic of the text (article).
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The main topic (theme [θi:m]) of the text (article) is … . / is the following: … . |
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The text (article) is dedicated (devoted) to … . |
Текст (статья) посвящен(а) … . |
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The text (article) raises an important issue [′ı∫јu]: … . |
В тексте (статье) поднимается важный вопрос : … . |
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The text (article) touches upon a very important question (problem, issue, subject, topic, point) (of/ of how) … . |
Текст (статья) затрагивает важный вопрос (тему, проблему) (…/ того, как …).
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The text (article) deals with such important problems (questions/ topics) in science/ engineering/ industry/ modern technologies/ pedagogy/ psychology [saɪ'kɔləʤɪ]/ computer science/ vacuum technology/ hydraulic engineering/ water supply and wastewater treatment/ HVAC/ atomic power stations construction/ shipbuilding/ construction/ building/ civil engineering/ architecture/ road construction/ highway engineering/ bridge and tunnel construction/ ecology and environmental protection, etc. as … |
hydraulic engineering – гидротехника; строительство гидротехнических сооружений HVAC – Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning computer science (CS) - компьютерные науки, теория вычислительных машин и систем; вычислительная техника; информатика vacuum technology - вакуумная техника highway engineering – дорожное строительство; дорожная техника; дорожное дело |
5. The structure of the text (article).
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The structure of the text is the following: it is divided into the introduction, the main part & the conclusion. |
the introduction – введение, вступление the main part – основная часть the conclusion – заключение |
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The article has the following structure: it consists of 3 parts - the introduction, the main part & the conclusion. |
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The extract under analysis [ə′næləsιs] contains the introduction & the main part, and it does not have any conclusion (and it has no conclusion). |
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6. The contents of the text (subtopics), some facts, names, figures… .
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The main part of the text (article) consists of a number of subtopics (1. …. 2. … 3. … 5±2) which are united into the general topic of the text (article): … |
Основная часть текста (статьи) состоит из ряда подтем (1. …. 2. … 3. … 5±2), которые объединяются общей темой текста (статьи): … . |
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The definition of the notion (word, term) «…» is given in the introduction. |
Во введении дается определение понятия (слова, термина) «…». |
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The etymology (origin) of the word «…» is shown (is analyzed). |
Показана (анализируется) этимология (происхождение) слова «…». |
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The text opens with the fact that … |
to open with – начинаться с |
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Then the author passes on to a detailed description of … |
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Then the author gives a brief analysis of … |
brief – краткий |
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The text (article) ends with the characteristics of … |
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The author uses some quotations (references, tables, schemes, diagrams, examples, drawings, photos, pictures) to make the picture more vivid. |
Автор использует цитаты (ссылки, таблицы, схемы, диаграммы, примеры, чертежи, фотографии, картинки), чтобы сделать картину более яркой и наглядной. |
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The text (article) is provided/ illustrated with drawings/ photos/ pictures. |
to provide – давать, предоставлять to illustrate – иллюстрировать, приводить примеры, пояснять |
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The author makes use of numerous figures (data, statistics) to catch the reader’s eye to the problem & to carry conviction. |
Автор использует многочисленные цифры (данные, статистические данные, статистику), чтобы привлечь внимание читателя и быть более убедительным. |
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In conclusion the author … /The author concludes that … |
in conclusion – в заключение concludes – заключает, делает заключение (вывод) |
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The author has come to the conclusion that … |
has come to the conclusion – пришел к выводу (заключению) |
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The author makes the conclusion that … |
makes the conclusion – делает заключение |
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The author’s conclusion is that… / is the following: … |
The author’s conclusion – заключение автора |