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A Topographic Survey: Terrestrial Photogrammetry

(5) Terrestrial photogrammetry or photographic surveying from ground stations had been found to be a useful addition to other methods in mapping of mountainous areas. The work consists of taking photographs from two or more control stations and in utilizing the photographs for the projection of the terrain in plan and elevation. (6) Surveying by the methods described above is very laborious. The surveyor has to work over all the ground step by step. A great deal of time is saved by modern methods of photographic air survey. Photographs taken from airplanes in flight have been used as aids to map-making since World War I. If such photographs are to be really useful the height and position of the airplane at the instant of taking the photographs must be accurately known. The development since 1940 of radar methods for finding the position of aircraft has increased the role of photogrammetry in surveying. Air photographs may be taken with the camera either pointing vertically downward, or at an angle. Vertical photographs are preferred for map-making especially when height and contours are required. The advantages of air survey are the speed with which the field work is accomplished, the wealth of details secured and used in locations otherwise difficult or impossible of access. Air survey is widely used by explorers in investigating the Arctic zone.

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