4. Answer the questions:

1. How large is America? 2. Where is it situated? 3. What countries does it border on? 4. How many states were there in 1602? 5. What is the climate of the country? 6. What is the main river of the USA? 7. What oceans wash the shores of the USA? 8. How many states are in the USA? 9. What is the national language? 10. What do you know about the political system of the country?

5. Prepare a report about any city of the USA (not less then 50 words). Use additional sources of information.

6. Make up the plan of the text and retell it according to the plan (not less then 100 words).

• TRANSLATING

7. Translate the text “The Second Front” into Russian.

The Second Front

In November, 1943, Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met together in Teheran, Iran, to discuss military strategy and post-war Europe. Ever since the Soviet Union had entered the war, Stalin had been demanding that the Allies open-up a second front in Europe. Churchill and Roosevelt argued that any attempt to land troops in Western Europe would result in heavy casualties.

Stalin believed that there were political, as well as military reasons for the Allies' failure to open up a second front in Europe. Stalin was still highly suspicious of Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt and was worried about them signing a peace agreement with Adolf Hitler. Stalin was fully aware that if Britain and the USA withdrew from the war, the Red Army would have great difficulty in dealing with Germany on its own.

At Teheran, Joseph Stalin reminded Churchill and Roosevelt of a previous promise of landing troops in Western Europe in 1942. Later they postponed it to the spring of 1943. Stalin complained that it was now November and there was still no sign of an allied invasion of France. After lengthy discussions it was agreed that the Allies would mount a major offensive in the spring of 1944.

From the memoirs published by those who took part in the negotiations in Teheran, it would appear that Stalin dominated the conference. Alan Brook, chief of the British General Staff, said that Stalin had a military brain of the very highest calibre. Never once in any of his statements he made any strategic error. In this respect he stood out compared with Roosevelt and Churchill.

The landings in June, 1944, created a second-front and took the pressure off the Red Army and from that date they made steady progress into territory held by Germany.

• GRAMMAR FOCUS

Perfect Continuous/Progressive

	Present	Past	Future
Time expressions	for — в течение (for a month, for a long time, for an hour). Либо же используется союзsince— с тех пор, который служит отправной точкой действия, с которой все начиналось.	(for… hours/weeks/years – в течение … часов/недель/лет, since 10 o’clock – с 10 часов,since morning – с утра, since 2005 – с 2005 года)	by the time… - к тому моменту, времени, как …;by that time, by then- к этому времени, к тому времени;before– прежде, чем;after– после того, как.
Affirmative	Have/has+ been +V-ing My sisters have been watching TV for 3 hours. (Мои сестры смотрят телевизор в течение 3 часов.)	Had been+V-ing He had been sleeping for half an hour when the phone rang. (Я (уже) спал пол часа, когда зазвонил телефон.)	Will+have been+V-ing You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. (Ты прождешь свыше двух часов, прежде чем ее самолет, наконец, приземлится.)
Negative	Have/has+not+been+V-ing I haven’t been waiting for my brother for a long time. (Я не жду своего брата долго)	had+not+been+V-ing I have not been working since 10 o’clock, so I am not very tired now. (Я не работаю с 10 часов, поэтому я сейчас не очень уставший.)	Will+not+have been+V-ing You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. (Ты не прождешь свыше двух часов, прежде чем ее самолет, наконец, приземлится.)
Interrogative	Have/has+S+been+V-ing Has he been living in Minsk for 5 years? (Он живет в Минске в течение 5 лет.)	had+S+been+V-ing Had he been working since 10 o’clock? (Он работал с 10 часов?)	Will-S+have been+V-ing Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? (Ты прождешь свыше двух часов, прежде чем ее самолет, наконец, приземлится?)
Формы PerfectContinuous(за исключениемFuturePerfectContinuous) имеют тенденцию ко все большему распространению в современном английском языке, хотя их употребление и ограничивается в некоторых случаях. Глаголы, которые не имеют формыContinuous, не употребляются и вPerfectContinuous.Это to be, to know, to see, to hear, to love и т.д. Вместо Perfect Continuous употребляется время группы Perfect.