The Use of the Present Perfect Tense in the Meaning of the Future Perfect Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Time

Exercise 49, p. 120: Complete the following sentences using the Present Perfect Tense in adverbial clauses of time according to the model.

Model: I shan't go anywhere until (finish writing my report).

I shan't go anywhere until I've finished writing my report).

1.You'll pay when (get the money from home). 2. I’ll come as soon as (write this letter). 3. He won't let you have another book until (give back the one he gave you last week). 4. She will understand what it is only after they (teach her a good lesson). 5. I shan't speak with you until (take your words back). 6. You'll never be well again until (stop smoking). 7.You won't understand the goodness of these people until (live some time with them). 8. I won't let you go till (promise to come again).

Exercise 50, p.120: Translate the following sentences (note the model above).

1. Мы не отпустим вас, пока вы не пообедаете с нами. 2. Никто не будет с вами разговаривать, пока вы не возьмете свои слова назад. 3. Нельзя пользоваться этим аппаратом, пока вы не изучите инструкцию. 4. Вы начнете свободно читать английскую литературу только после того, как прочтете несколько книг.

The Present Perfect Tense

Exercise 22, p. 88: Study the following patterns:

1. He has travelled a lot.

2. He has never been to Kiev.

3. He has always wanted to have a car.

4. We have already done our work.

5. They have just finished the text.

6. I haven’t seen him this week (lately, for the last few days, etc).

7. I’ve known him since 1985 (I was a child; I came here, etc).

Exercise 23, p. 89: Complete the following situations, according to the model (bear in mind the patterns above).

Model: It's cold in the room (the window, be open, for a long time).

The window has been open for a long time.

1.It's warm (the weather, be fine, all week). 2. Peter is absent (he, be ill, for a week). 3. She can't show you the way there (never, be there). 4. He may go to the cinema (he, do one's work). 5. I can't say anything about this film (not see it, yet). 6. We may go for a walk (the rain, stop). 7. She knows English well (live in England, for three years). 8. Don't describe the place to me (I, be there, several times). 9. I know him very well (be friends since childhood). 10. You look wonderful (I, just, come back, after, a good rest). 11. It's getting colder every day (winter, come).

Exercise 24, p. 89: Answer the following questions, using the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Why can't you give the book back? (not finish, yet). 2. Why can't you repeat the question? (not hear). 3. Are they leaving? (not change their plans). 4. What's the matter with you? I think ... (catch cold). 5. Why is it so quiet in the house? (everybody, leave). 6. Where will you go in summer? (not decide, yet). 7. How long has this film been on? (for about a week). 8. Have you ever been late for classes? (never). 9. How are they? I don't know (not see them lately). 10. Where is yesterday's newspaper? (just, throw out). 11. How long have you lived in Moscow? (since, be born). 12. How much time has passed since he left? (a fortnight). 13. How many times have you been to St. Petersburg?

Exercise 25, p. 89: Give two answers to the following questions according to the model.

Model: How long have you lived here?

1. I've lived in Moscow for three years.

2. I've lived in Moscow since 19...

1. How long have they known each other? 2. How long have you had this coat? 3. How long has this film been on? 4. How long has he been out? 5. How long have you been a student? 6. How long has she been absent from classes? 7. How long have you been here? 8. How long have the children been with their aunt?

Exercise 26, p. 89: Give answers to the following questions according to the model:

Model 1 1: Have you ever been to Tashkent?

No, I've never (not) been there.

1.Has he ever told you the story of his life? 2. Have you ever translated anything from English into Russian? 3. Has it ever been so warm in April before? 4. Have you ever read anything by John Updike? 5. Have you ever been to the Far East? 6. Has he ever shown his picture to anybody? 7. Have they ever spoken to you about their plans for the future? 8. Have they ever studied this problem?

Model 2: Have you finished the book yet?

No, I haven't finished it yet.

I am still reading it.

1.Have you translated the article yet? 2. Have they finished discussing the problem? 3. Have you decided who will make a report on the international situation? 4. Has she had her lunch yet? 5. Have they finished working at their course papers? 6. Has he woken up? ( to sleep). 7. Has she made breakfast?

Exercise 27, p. 90: Express (a) agreement, (b) disagreement and complete the situation, if necessary, according to the model.

M о d e l: 1. He has done all his home-work.

(а) (Yes,) he has. (b) But he hasn't. He has done only one exercise.

2. Jack hasn't bought the text-book.

(а) (No,) he hasn't. He can't get it. (b) But he has. Here it is.

1. You have never been to this theatre before. 2. He has answered all the questions. 3. They have called on him several times. 4. You've caught a cold. 5. The film has been on at our local cinema the whole week. 6. You've made three mistakes in your dictation.

Exercise 28, p. 90: Practise the following according to the model.

Model: You may leave the child with her. She is fond of children.

She always has been.¹

1. I don't like their parties. They are dull. 2. It's difficult to ask him for anything. He is a hard man. 3. Let's buy flowers for her. She is fond of flowers. 4. He is an unpleasant person. He is too sure of himself. 5. I can't say anything bad about her. She is a nice girl. 6. It's a beautiful place but it is rainy.

Exercise 29, p. 90: Make up suitable sentences, using the Present Perfect Tense. (Note the patterns on page 88.)

1. The wind	see	at the Moscow Art Theatre since I was a boy.
2. I	just stop	it will happen one day.
3.The Blue Bird	not answer	from North to East.
4.You	always be kind	everything for your trip.
5. The rain	be on	to you about this new arrangement?
6. They	change	him lately.
7. My aunt	always say	to me.
8. The secretary	arrange	my question yet.
9. Nobody	ever speak	her this week?
10.Who	call on

Exercise 30, p 90: Translate the following sentences, using the Present Perfect Tense.

1. — Вы бывали когда-либо в Карелии? — Нет, но я очень много слышал о ней и собираюсь поехать туда как-нибудь летом. 2. Поче­му вы ничего не сделали, чтобы организовать поездку в эти исторические места? З. Мы условились встретиться на станции, тебе это удобно? 4. Я заходил к нему на этой неделе. Он чувствует себя значительно лучше. 5. Мне нравится, как вы расставили книги на полке. 6. Что с ним случилось? Я давно его не вижу. 7. Я уверен, он прос­тудился. Погода так быстро изменилась. Сразу стало холодно. 8. Ему очень нравится книга, которую вы ему дали. Ему всегда нравились такие книги. 9. Мы еще не решили, кто из нас пойдет на конференцию. 10. Этот фильм идет с понедельника. 11. Я уже заплатил вам за билет. 12. Я здесь новый человек. Я здесь всего несколько дней. 13. Она только что позвонила ему. Он придет попозже. 14. Я вижу, что ты мне не рассказал всю правду. 15. Его лекция очень интересная. Его лекции были всегда интересными.

Ехercise 31, p. 91: Make up sentences with the following groups of words, using either the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect, supply the missing words.

1. the boy; catch cold; no doubt.

2. Shakespeare; many comedies; tragedies.

3. last night; wonderful ballet; "Swan Lake"; the Bolshoi Theatre.

4. the writer; not yet; finish; new book he's writing.

5. during; war; her family; two years; in Siberia.

6. for the last few weeks; thousands; people; visit; the Tretyakov Gallery.

7. last summer; holiday; the Crimea.

8. I am hungry; because; not yet; lunch.

9. this story; happen; many years ago.

1¹ “Much” is commonly used to intensify the meaning of the comparative degree, e.g.: “She speaks English much better than Nick”.

1 a US coin worth ten cents

1 Sometimes the verb “take” may form a similar phrase.

1 The Continuous tense forms are seldom used in adverbial clauses of time introduced by “as” and should be avoided.

1 She has always been s also possible. It is less emphatic.