a599a8f1-5808-4a60-bb96-43b2f1fcc828

31.Nowadays laboratories have to be introduced into colleges and educational institutions to teach scientific and technical knowledge by means of ex-periments.

32.We are to take certain special steps to clarify the situation.

33.The function of the University is to give specialized training of a high

degree.

34.You should know all the basic laws of the subject.

35.It must be said that the control system is looked upon as an experimental

one.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на Passive

Voice.

1.The article is still being translated; it will have been translated by tomorrow

evening.

2.They have already been informed about this unpleasant event.

3.The house had been built before I arrived.

4.He said that the results of the measurement would have been obtained by the end of the year.

5.It will be reported about the theme of the symposimum.

6.This method has been greatly modified.

7.His help is needed by everybody.

8.Geographical data have traditionally been represented in the form of a map.

9.Natural resources needed by man are, unfortunately not evenly distributed on the surface of the earth.

10.The laboratory will have been equipped with the up-to-date apparatus by the end of the month.

11.The lecture will be followed by an interesting discussion.

12.That discovery was soon followed by another one.

13.The method described above is the most accurate and should be followed.

14.This desighn was to be worked out by a highly qualified specialist.

15.Information tehnologies have been developed rapidly in recent years.

16.A large number of porters (носильщик) was needed to carry the expedition’s

supplies.

17.The first part of the project, connecting six city districts, will be fullycompleted in a few weeks.

18.At present (nowadays) some fundamental questions concerning the physical properties of the earth may be answered by relatively simple means.

19.Since direct observation of the ocean floor is difficult and expensive, most of our information has been derived from remote measurements of it’s topography, heat flow, gravity, and magnetism.

20.Our engineering resources are increased when they are designed to withstand damage from natural forces (выдержать натиск стихии).

21.Since 1887 many national standards laboratories have been founded to set up and maintain standards of measurement both for six basic quantities and for their systematic derivatives.

22.The Natural Toronto Park (710-acre) was opened in 1974 by the municipality of Toronto Zoological Society to replace the former overcrowed and outdated municipal Toronto Zoo.

23.The Metro Toronto Zoo has a fine collection comprising a few thousand specimens representing nearly 280 species; it’s exhibits are arranged zoogeographically so that all the animals native to a particular continent are grouped together.

24.The Cambridge Science Park is the modern face of the University, was attractively designed by Trinity College, which has a long scientific tradi -tions going back to Sir. Isaac Newton; this park was established in 1970 to increase the contact with high technology industry and it is now a home to more than sixty companies and research institutes.

25.This stage was proceded by careful study (analysis) of the results.

26.Reference was made of his earlier publications.

27.Less attention was paid to another possible way of conducting the investigation.

28.The results of experiments are always looked through by the head of the research team (group).

29.Steps will be taken to increase the production of these enterprises.

30.These measurements will not be influenced by outer factors.

31.These terms (условия) were agreed upon.

32.Reference has been made to these phenomena.

33.Einstein’s special theory of relativity is often referred to by a great number of researchers.

34.Some of the data obtained cannot be refered to, the others have not been published yet.

35.The results of the experiment can be relied upon.

36.The quality of the instruments used can be safely relied upon.

37.Old traditions and customs cannot be easily done with.

38.Siberia which is now in the focus of the world’s attention is looked at as a land of future.

39.The working method of science may be dealt with in several ways.

40.The delegation is reported to have left abroad.

VII. При переводе обратите внимание на значение и функцию следующих слов: that, those; one, ones, for.

1.He thinks that he will be a good specialist.

2.One must master one’s feelings.

3.Read few books but only good ones.

4.One must know that the weight of an oxygen atom is 16 times as much as that of a hydrogen atom.

5.The system of the London underground is a complicated one.

6.We consider the new system more convenient than all those that were previously used.

7.One should use a new method, not the old ones.

8.Everybody knows that a bad act is bad.

9.One can reasonably suggest that this is the case.

10.Two years were sufficient for the work to be done.

11.Of the numerous methods of conducting similar experiments to be found in literature the following are among those that (which) have been proved to be most useful.

12.It is supposed that no very convincing mechanism appears to have been offered for a hypothesis of this nature.

13.Practically all day-time students get grants, while those taking the evening courses have reduced working hours and paid leave (отпуск) for examinations.

14.Any laboratory is a place where scientists must carry out experimental study in any branch of science for the purpose to advance men’s knowledge or to apply scientific principles in special application of natural laws.

15.The device may be relied upon, for it is of the latest design.

16.In the Middle Ages it was supposed that the Moon had a crystaline smooth surface like a mirror and that the dark spots on the Moon were accounted for

(объяснять) by the fact that the Earth was reflected on its surface. Galileo thought that he saw mountains, valleys, seas and continents.

17.However with the help of the first telescope that was constructed by Galileo this conception was put an end.

18.This idea is one of the most interesting and important.

19.He knew that no one could help him.

20.One seldom likes waiting for somebody or something.

21.Another and later form of bridge and one requiring a higher degree of skill was the arch (арка).

22.One of the newest trends in research, hardly (вряд ли) ten years old, is the creation of extremely tough composite materials.

23.She is the sister of one of his friends.

24.The problem is far too involved (сложный) for one to be solved.

25.One must know that these rays produce a harmful effect on man.

26.This is a new measuring instrument, its accuracy is much higher than that of the old ones.

27.The unusual phenomenon occupied the scientist’s thoughts for some weeks.

28.Einstein’s work was a great surprise for scientists all over the world.

29.But for (если не …) the atmosphere no life would be possible on the Earth.

30.Moscow radio has been transmitting its programmes to foreign countries for more than sixty years.

31.For a computer to be programmed each problem must be reduced to a series of very simple steps.

32.He liked questions and answered them at once, for there were no simple or foolish questions for him.

33.For these experiments to be meaningful the observations must be made at regular intervals.

34.In the future laser will have become one of the key technological tools, for it provides, a means for maximum energy concentration.

35.For resources that are more or less fixed in quantity or availability, increased productivity must come from increased efficiency of use.

36. One may easily observe the effects of weathering (эрозия) in monuments, statues, and the remains of historic buildings.

VIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод следующих слов и парных союзов: both; both…and; either; either…or;

neither; neither…nor; the…the.

1.Both brothers live abroad.

2.My brother and I both study at the same university.

3.They are pulling down (сносить) both the big houses.

4.Both of us (we both) want to learn how to write business programmes.

5.He knows both when to speak and when to hold his tongue.

6.Both students and teachers are taking part in a scientific conference.

7.Both scientists and engineers study these phenomena.

8.Both tunnel and the bridge will be completed ahead the schedule.

9.For centuries the English Channel has been for Britain both defence against invaders and the way to the Continent.

10.Both the Moon and the Earth are planets.

11.Both scientists and detectives collect facts, formulate hypotheses, and test them against the facts.

12.The phenomenon of light can be explained by both the wave theory and the particle theory.

13.Sea water hides (contain) both many of the keys to our past and the keys to the future.

14.Our engineers carrying out experiments combine both research work andpractical work.

15.Take both maps, either will show you all the local roads.

16.You can take either of the two routes .

17.I don’t take either side in this dispute.

18.Either book will answer your purpose.

19.There is a bus stop at either end of the street.

20.If you don’t go, I won’t (will not) either.

21.I don’t like it either.

22.Either you or your collegues have to solve this problem.

23.Neither of these methods will find wide appliation.

24.Neither of us know about it.

25.Which book do you want? – Neither.

26.If you don’t go, neither will I.

27.This programme is neither interesting, nor useful (important).

28.Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

29.Neither this plant nor that one can produce such complex apparatus.

30.I could remember neither the name of the author, nor the title of the book.

31.The oceans of Earth are neither an inexhaustible cupboard nor an infinite sewer.

32.The more we read, the more we know.

33.The darker (is) the sky, the brighter (are) the stars.

34.The nearer a planet is to the sun, the quicker it goes round.

35.The stronger (is) the wind, the higher (are) the waves.

IX. Переведите слеующие предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения some, any, no и наречия,

производные от some, any, no, every.

1.No student can master English without reading much.

2.No more than two tests are required.

3.None of the systems of measures and weights of the past can be compared in simplicity to that of our days.

4.The metric system is so simple that anybody can learn it in a very short time.

5.There is nothing interesting in this magazine.

6.There is no one here.

7.Nothing else is important.

8.This text is written for the student who knows nothing about anything.

9.Nobody has ever seen the other side of the moon.

10.I don’t like this town, there is nowhere to go in it.

11.Any of these methods is useful.

12.You may take any book you like.

13.Nobody said anything.

14.Any laboratory is a place where research workers make the experiments.

15.He didn’t make any mistakes in the test.

16.We live in a world where we don’t know anything about anything.

17.I can do this job alone, I don’t need anybody to help me.

18.I haven’t got any money.

19.Some of this money is yours.

20.Something is better than nothing.

21.They were faced with some difficulties.

22.I didn’t see him anywhere.

23.Someone has taken my book by mistake.

24.Some day they can meet each other.

25.Somebody must speak to the manager about it.

26.A month ago this magazine gave some interesting information on new types of engines.

27.Somebody has left his bag here.

28.He lives somewhere near London.

29.Sometimes a decision to compute is followed by a process of selecting the particular kind of computing machine best suited for the given problem.

30.Every house in this street is the same.

31.Everybody is to be at work a bit earlier tomorrow.

32.Everything is ready for the experiment.

33.He does everything with great accuracy.

34.She said something but I didn’t understand anything.

35.Every science generalizes the facts.

36.These instruments are sold everywhere.

37.Everybody needs friends.

38.Every country has a national flag.

39.I saw everybody there.

40.There is a public library in every town. Anyone may become its member, and it costs nothing to borrow books.

41.I haven’t had anything to eat since lunch: I’ve spent all my money.

42.Do you want something to eat?

43.Everything is in constant motion.

44.Everyone has to succeed in one’s work.

X. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов:

1.Engineers use the experience of previous generations.

2.Architects make use of fresh forms, fresh materials and fresh technique.

3.They have used the conventional crystal growth methods.

4.This approach is used for time and money saving purposes.

5.They presented mass of data necessary for effective land use planning.

6.Most laboratories have small machines (установки) which are being used for demonstration purposes.

7.I’ve got a useful information.

8.On the one hand, platinum is one of the most useful metals, but on the other hand, it is too expensive to be widely used in industry.

9.He is used to listening to the nine o’clock news.

10.They got used to driving left.

11.I’m used to getting up early.

12.Members of Everest expeditions must get used to the thin air (разреженный воздух) of the Himalayan heights; they do this by spending as many weeks as possible in the high mountain country.

13.I feel useful here.

14.During his useful life he often felt he was useless.

15.Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.

16.The members of the family used to meet more often than they do it now.

17.He used to do sports a lot.

18.Any of these methods is useful.

19.My friend uses glasses only for reading.

rather

20.This problem is rather difficult.

21.Rather we attempt to develop in detail the principal mathematical method.

22.Two approaches with a rather well established methodology suited well in our

case.

23.We shall concentrate, however, on the process which generates this knowledge, rather than on the knowledge itself.

24.He is rather difficult to deal with.

involve(d)

25. The branch of optics which involves quantitative measurements of the intensity of light and the illumination provided by different sources on surfaces at varying distances from the source is called photometry.

26.The method involved was quite new.

27.The phenomenon involved was rather difficult to explain.

28.We have to analyse all the factors involved.

29.The quantities (values) involved in our study are interrelated.

30.Robert Koch was involved in the investigation of infectious diseases throughout his life.

31.Besides being very involved this procedure is very costly.

32.The problem is far too involved for one to be able to solve it.

33.Under these conditions the requirements involved are only partially met.

XI. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение следующих

1.Research and technology should provide the basis for a better everyday

living.

2.Special measures must have been taken by tunnel builders to provide stability to the works and safety to the workers in boring this tunnel.

3.We are to provide all the necessary equipment for the experiment to be carried out successfully.

4.Apochromats are highly corrected optical systems (точно-

скорректированные оптические системы) providing maximum optical quality and are used in microscopy and astronomy.

5.Timekeeping (служба частот и времени) at the Royal Greenwich Observatory began in 1675, when it provided a standard by which sailors could set their clocks before they set out on voyages.

6.A water-supply system provided the city of ancient Rome with water in the year 512 before our era.

7.There is always an element of risk in providing capital and starting business.

8.The cenral organization provided all the expeditions with the necessary equip-ment; it has provided our expedition with means of radio communication.

9.Well provided with food now we shall start in two days provided there is no change of the weather.

10.In hot weather water is the best drink provided it is cool and pure.

11.Provided the supplies arrive in time, all will go well.

12.Great increase in labour productivity would be made provided mechanization and automation of manufacturing process were increasingly used.

13.Plastics are the wonder engineering materials of the modern age, provided that they are properly employed.

14.The colleges provide for residence and tutoring personal instruction of the students; by means of personal contact the tutor may influence the student’s political and social ideas.

15.Providing for the doubling of the U.S. expanding population at their current level of living is equivalent to building a complete new small town every day of the year for the next 30 years, including all of its buildings and facilities.

16.The contract provides for that possibility. mean; to mean; means; by means of

17.Science is the means by which the whole of our civilization is rapidly beingtransformed.

18.A. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) is acknowledged to have invented a means of protection against the disastrous affects of lightning – the lightning rod.

19.To meet the accelerated demands for resources, we must find means to accellerate our acquisition of knowledge.

20.Today the optical telescope is no longer the only means of exploration of space; as an astronomical device the radio-telescope is a far more efficient means than any of those used in the last century.

21.Means must be provided for a system to be adjusted for the important experiment.

22.In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a means of measuring the value of men’s labour.

23.By means of the radio-telescope some remarkable studies of the surface of the sun and of solar activity have been made and a method of investigating the movement of planets has been worked out.

24.A mean solar day is the mean time during which the Earth makes one revolution round the sun.

25.Utilizing solar power on a large scale means getting possession of an immense source of power.

26.I mean to leave tomorrow.

27.Your friendship means a lot to me.

28.This will mean a lot of expense for him.

29.The title means nothing to me.

30.The golden mean (середина).

31.He is mean with his money.

32.Some fundamental questions about the physical properties of the earth may be answered by relatively simple means.

33.To concentrate railway facilities means to increase the average capacity and load per wagon.

34.What did you mean by looking at me like that?

35.To work means to live.

36.Radio, telegraph, telephone, internet and TV, are means of communication.

37.The word «farm» comes from the Latin «firma», meaning a fixed payment, a rent, a settled agreement, and it wasn’t until the 16th century that the «farm» came to mean a piece of land.

38.This doesn’t mean that the result is correct.

39.This means that the method of geometric means leads to more satisfactory results than that of arithmetic means.

40.The fastest means to detect an artificial satellite is radio, largely used for that

purpose.

main(n) – магистраль;

water main – водопроводная магистраль;

main (adj) – главный, основной;

mainly (adv) – в основном, главн. образом.

41.The main thing is to work.

42.The main theme of the conference – «Ecology».

43.The main concern of an engineer is the rate at which work is being done.

44.The main problem is to survive.

45.All main Rutherford’s works deal with the nuclear atom.

46.It was the main factor in their difference.

47.They mainly focused on fundamental problems.

48.Those people were mainly students.

49.This enterprise produces mainly the equipment for medicine.

Обратите внимание на различие значений двух глаголов: to affect – влиять на …;

to effect – осуществлять, приводить к …, вызывать …;

50.This will affect their decision.

51.The change affects the whole process.

52.Moisture affects all kinds of metal.

53.They effected some changes in the plan.

54.If you give up smoking, you’ll effect about £ 100 a year.

55.Thus they effected the desired result.

XII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значения слов:

1.Science both infoms and instructs.

2.The body of information generated by science and the knowledge of how to use it are two products of science.

3.The foundations of the science of optics were not established until the 17th

century.

4.In the 20th century with the rapid growth of science and technology human achievements in conquering nature became so great that man’s economic activities began to produce an increasingly harmful (negative) effect on the biosphere.

5.Science has used experimental and theoretical investigation, or research, as its principal tool since the dawn of modern science beginnig with Galileo.

since

6.Since the cost of study at Oxford is very high the average parents can give their children a full education only at the cost of strict economy.

7.Since the colleges don’t provide the students with sports equipment, sport is the privilege only of the rich who have means for buying all that is necessary for any kind of sport.

8.Since the monument has been built of granite, it was not destroyed by age.

9.Since alluminium is light and strong it is used in aircraft industry.

10.They have been living here since 1997.

11.In spite of all the difficulties that he succeeded in going to Petersburg he was appointed mechanic to the Academy of Sciences; and since then he spent all his free time and all his money on new inventions.

some

12.There are some basic operations at any workshop.

13.The engineers of the research laboratory developed some new methods of

work.

14.Some rivers flowing across the vast territory of Russia run into the Arctic

Ocean.

15.There was some water in the glass.

16.I’d like to have some cheese.

17.Some locations are simply unsuitable for anything but open space and parks. same

18.These elements have different colours but their chemical properties are the same, some of them are very important.

19.He proposed that we should take measures to maintain the t°(temperature) at the same level during the entire process of the experiment.

20.I live in the same street where my parents used to live.

21.Though their characters differed, their views on life were the same.

until

22.Until a few years ago superconductors were simply a laboratory curiosity.

23.Problems cannot be solved until they are accurately defined.

24.The experiment was repeated until a satisfactory result was obtained.

25.If was not until 1959 that chemists succeded in obtaining this compound.

26.The experiment did not start until next week.

unless

27.Unless a material is tested it is not used for building purposes.

28.They will not go unless the weather is good.

near

29.The station is quite near.

30.In the very near future they are going to marry.

31.My office is near my home.

32.Constuction is nearing completion. nearly

33.She is nearly 90 years old.

34.The mother was sitting near the child nearly for an hour.

35.Nearly all the students have passed the exams successfully.

36.To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible.

XIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения следующих слов: