- •Unit III
- •Grammar The Present Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Write the 3. Person singular of the following verbs.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the form of the Present Indefinite Tense. Then make them negative and interrogative. Some of the verbs can be used several times:
- •3. Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Present Indefinite Tense. Translate these sentences.
- •4. Read and translate. Put questions to the words in bold.
- •5. Read and translate. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences.
- •6. A) Read and translate. Fill in the gaps with the verbs given below:
- •7. Translate into Russian.
- •Конструкция there is / are
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the usage of the construction there is / are.
- •9. Put in there is / there isn’t / is there? / there are / there aren’t / are there?
- •10. Put in there or it.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •The Indefinite Pronouns: some, any, every, no and their derivatives
- •Grammar exercises
- •12. Read, translate and explain the usage of the Indefinite Pronouns.
- •13. Choose the write variant: somebody / everybody / anything / somewhere / anybody, etc. Translate into Russian.
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Propositions of movement, place, time
- •Grammar exercises
- •15. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph with the prepositions in, on, at or to.
- •16. Put in the right preposition if necessary.
- •17. Read and translate. Pay attention to the usage of the prepositions.
- •18. Find in exercise 16 the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •19. Read the text about geysers once more. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •20. Translate into English.
- •Pre-text exercises
- •21. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •22. Translate the following derivative words:
- •24. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •27. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •28. Choose among the words the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •29. Translate the following sentences into English using a dictionary:
- •30. Find in the text the situations in which the following word combinations are used:
- •36. Listen to the conversation again. What synonymic words or expressions are used in the dialogue instead of those given in italics:
- •37. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •38. Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •39. Listen to the dialogue “Shopping”.
- •40. Decide which of the following statements are true and which are false. Correct the false ones.
The Indefinite Pronouns: some, any, every, no and their derivatives
Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no указывают на наличие: some / any – какой-то, какой-нибудь, или полное отсутствие: no – никакой какого-то неопределенного количества (или качества) предметов, лиц, отвлеченных понятий, веществ и т.д.
Употребление неопределенных местоимений
|
+ ? |
? – + |
– |
|
some; somebody/someone – кто-то, something – что-то, somewhere – где-то, куда-то |
any; anybody/anyone – кто-то, кто-нибудь, anything –что-то, anywhere – где-нибудь, куда-нибудь |
no; nobody/no one – никто, nothing – ничто, nowhere – нигде, никуда |
Например:
There is some printer's ink in the container. В контейнере есть типографская краска.
Is there any printer's ink in the container? В контейнере есть типографская краска?
There isn’t any printer's ink in the container. В контейнере нет типографской краски.
There is no printer's ink in the container. В контейнере нет типографской краски.
Местоимение some употребляется в утвердительных предложениях, а также в вопросительных, в которых что-нибудь предлагается или выражается какая-нибудь просьба: Can I have some cold water? Не могу ли я получить холодной воды?
Местоимение any употребляться в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях, а также в утвердительных в значении «любой»: Any child knows about it. Любой ребенок знает об этом.
Подобно some, any, производные местоимения от some употребляются в утвердительных предложениях, производные местоимения от any – в вопросительных и отрицательных: Somebody (someone) is knocking at the door. Кто-то стучит в дверь.
There isn't anybody (anyone) there. Там никого нет.
Местоимение no и его производные употребляются только в отрицательных предложениях.
Местоимения somebody / someone, anybody / anyone, nobody / no one имеют два падежа: общий и притяжательный, например: There is somebody in the room. Кто-то в комнате. This is somebody’s pencil. Это чей-то карандаш.
Местоимение every – каждый, всякий и его производные: everybody / everyone – все, каждый, everything – все служат подлежащим или дополнением в предложении. Местоимение everybody имеет также притяжательный падеж: It’s everybody’s duty. Это долг каждого.
Когда everybody, everyone или everything являются подлежащим, то глагол ставится в единственном числе: Everybody (everyone) is here. Все здесь. Отрицательная форма строится следующим образом: Not everybody is here. Не все здесь.
Пример образования вопросительной формы местоимения every и его производных: Can you tell me everything? Ты можешь мне рассказать всё?
Местоимение every в сочетании с where образует наречие everywhere везде, повсюду: You can get this book everywhere. Вы можете достать эту книгу везде.
Grammar exercises
12. Read, translate and explain the usage of the Indefinite Pronouns.
1 Are there any letters for me this morning? 2. I’m thirsty. Can I have some water, please? 3. Competition to get into one of Britain’s universities is fierce and not everyone who gets “A” levels can go. 4. She doesn’t want anybody to talk to. 5. Half the world consists of people who have something to say but can’t and the other half who have nothing to say and keep on talking. 6. People cannot close their eyes to the facts any longer. 7. Where can I find a good job with plenty of money and no work? – Nowhere. 8. I can do the job alone. I don’t need anybody to help me. 9. I want to go somewhere nice and eat something good. Do you know anything? 10. I want some paper. Please give me some. 11. I’ve got some postcards somewhere. Perhaps they are in the drawer.12. There are some grounds for supporting this supposition. 13. A foreign language is an important advantage for an experienced specialist in any field. 14. Computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. 15. The destruction of rainforests in Brazil is everyone’s problem. 16. All the particles from any radioactive substance have a definite velocity.