Elektrooborudovanie_VS
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Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ⱥɧɬɢɸɡɨɜɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɤɚɥɶɡɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ȼɉɉ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɟɡɴɸɡɨɜɨɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɧ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȼȼɉ ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɪɚɫɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɚɦ
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɭɳɟ-
ɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɁɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍɗ Ⱥ- ɲɬ Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɞ ɩɟɞɚɥɹɦɢ ɩɢ
ɥɨɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - ɧɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɍɗ Ⱥ- ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ Ʉȼ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɛɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɦɢ ȻɍɉɌ ɢ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ
Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍȽ-166- ɲɬ - ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɭ ɲɚɫɫɢ Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɂɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɥɟɫ
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Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ɋɢɫ 10.19. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ȾɈɋɆ ɲɬ Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɚɯ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɩɨ ɞɜɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ɉɞɢɧ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - ɫ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɪɨɣ ɤɨɥɟɫ Ʉɚɠ ɞɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ ɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɪɟ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɜ ȻɍɉɌ Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɢ - ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɆɌɌȽɲɬ - ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɥɟɫɟ ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟ ɫɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɤɚɥɶɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 50%.
ȻɍɉɌ-24 - ɛɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɸɡɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ȻɍɉɌ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɆɌɌȽ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍȽ-166-2.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɇȽɀ ɇɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɹ
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Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
ɞɨɦ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍȽ-166- ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ Ɉɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɬ ɱɢɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍɗ Ⱥ- ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɆɌɌȽ-500/5- ɋ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟ ɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ȼ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɦɟ ȻɍɉɌ ɨɛɟɫɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɢɜɨɦ ɗɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚɦɢ
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉȼ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ r ɫɟɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɆɌɌȽ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɭɬɤɟ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɞɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ 9 r ɤɦ ɱɚɫ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ Ʉȼ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ
ɉɪɢ ɫɧɹɬɢɢ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɍɗ- Ⱥ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ȼ ɜ ȻɍɉɌ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ȼ ɧɚ ɍɗ- Ⱥ ɢ ɧɚ ȾɈɋɆ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫ ȻɍɉɌ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ȼ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɇȽɀ ɤ ɍȽ-166.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɍɗ- Ⱥ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ȻɍɉɌ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ȻɍɉɌɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɍȽɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɞɚɟɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɝɢ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ȻɍɉɌ
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ȾɈɋɆ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ȻɍɉɌ ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɍɗ Ⱥ- ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ȾɈɋɆ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȻɍɉɌ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋ ɆɌɌȽ ɜ ȻɍɉɌ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɟ
174
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
ɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɥɟ ɫɚ ȼ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ ɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ȿɫɥɢ nmin < 0.5 nmax ȻɍɉɌ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɢɝ ɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɫ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɉɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɆɌɌȽ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ȼ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɛɢɧɟ ɷɤɢɩɚɠɚ.
11 ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɉɈɋ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɥɶɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
-ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ – ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɦ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ
-ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ – ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
-ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ – ɫɛɪɨɫ ɥɶɞɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚ ɰɢɢ ɨɛɲɢɜɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɪɚ
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɉɈɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɯɨɞ ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɪɨɦɨɤ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɤɢɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚ ɬɨɪɚ
11.1.ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɉɈɋ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ Ɍɭ- Ȼ:
175
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ɋɢɫ 11.1. ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɉɈɋ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ Ɍɭ- Ȼ.
Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɜɹ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ Ʉȼ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɥɚɦɩɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢ ɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɉɈɋ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɤɢɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɬɪɺɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɸɡɟɥɹɠ ɝɞɟ ɬɪɢ ɦɚ ɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ȼɨɡɞɭɯ ɡɚ ɤɪɚɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɸɡɟɥɹɠɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɪɨɦɨɤ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɚ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɜ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɤɢɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɤɪɵ ɥɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɇɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ
176
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɈɋ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɦɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨ
ɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɋ
11.2. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɟ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤ ɜɨɡ ɞɭɲɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɚɦ ɬɭɪɛɨɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɹɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ
ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɪɨɦɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ
ɇɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɤȼȺ ɤɢɥɨ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪ ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɞɜɢɝɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɺɞɧɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɤ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɹɯ ɥɺɞ ɩɨɞɬɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɇɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɚɦɩɚɦ ɡɚɝɨ ɪɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ.
ɇɚ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɣ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɪɨɦɤɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȼ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵ ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɟɤɰɢɹɦ
177
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɨ ɥɺɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɫɴɺɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɳɺɬɨɤ
Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ȼ
ɇɚ Ɍɭ- Ȼ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɠ ɢ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɨɣ ɧɨɠ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɪɚ ɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɟɤ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɤɪɵɥɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ʋ ɢ ɩɨ ɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪɭ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝ ɪɟɜ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɧɨɠɨɦ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Ⱥ ɇɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɚɪɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɜɟ ɞɟɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɬ Ʉȼ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɧɨɠɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɟɪɚ
11.3. Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɷɤɢɩɚɠɚ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɺɤɥɚ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɷɤɢɩɚɠɚ ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɥɺɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɧɚ Ⱥɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɭɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɭ ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɇɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɺɬɟ ɧɚ Ⱥɧ-2 – ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ .
ɇɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
-ɫɢɥɶɧɨ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɹ
-ɫɥɚɛɨ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɨɬɟɜɚɧɢɹ
178
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɟ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ ɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɺɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɢ ɮɚɡɧɨɟ – ȼ
ɇɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɋ ɢɥɢ ɜɋ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧ ɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɪɚɬɭɪɵ
-ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ
-ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɢ ɌȾɢɥɢ ɌȾ-2) ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ɍɟɪɦɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ȺɈɋ- Ɇ ɉɪɨɜɨ
ɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɯ ɌɗɊ- Ɇ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ɫ ȺɈɋ- Ɇ
Ɍɟɪɦɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɱ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚ ɥɶɸ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ 11.2) ȼ ɞɜɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɱɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ L1 ɢ L2, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Rp ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ RT
> Rp, ɬɨɤ ɜ L1 ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ L2. ɉɨɥɹɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ RT ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɋ
RT < Rp, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɢ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ – ɬɨɤ ɜ L2 ɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ L1, ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ȺɈɋ- Ɇ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢ ɫɢɦɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ ɬɪɺɯ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ȺɈɋ- Ɇ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ⱥɧ- Ⱥɧ-24,
179
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ⱥɧɂɥ- ȺɧɌɭ- Ɍɭ- ɢ ɞɪ
Ɋɢɫ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ȺɈɋ- Ɇ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɬɺɤɨɥ ɫ ɌɗɊ- Ɇ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɢ ɌȾ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɱ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɌɗɊ- Ɇ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ 11.3). Ɉɫ ɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɢ ɩɥɟɱɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ R1, R2, R3, R4.
Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ R1 ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɌȾ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɪɚɡɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ Ɍɪɚɧɡɢ ɫɬɨɪ ɉɉ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɚ ɉɉ – ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ
ɉɉ ɢ ɉɉ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ
180
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ
Ɋɢɫ 11.3 ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫ ɌɗɊ- Ɇ ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɌȾ ɪɚɫɬɺɬ ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɫɬɚ Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɉɉ ɡɚ ɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɉɉ – ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɉɉ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɉɉ – ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɹɬɢɸ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɬɵɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɌɗɊ- Ɇ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ɇɢ- Ɍ ɉ əɤ- əɤ-42,
ɂɥ- ɢ ɞɪ
11.4. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɗɂɉɈɋ
ȼ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ ɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɲɢɜɤɢ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɪɨɦɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɤɢɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ – ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɢɯ ɪɟɜɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɲɢɜɤɟ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚ
ɂɧɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɲɢɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɚ ɧɨɫɤɚ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɤɢɥɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢ ɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ – ɫɦ ɪɢɫ 11.4.