Elektrooborudovanie_VS

151

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɮɸɡɟɥɹɠɚ ɨɬ -3q ɞɨ -8q ¶ ɬ ɟ ɧɚ q30’.

ɉɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ

(ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ) ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɧɢ ɦɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɢɥɹ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ ȼɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤ)

ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɸɪɟ ɤɢɥɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ

ɉɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɛɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɨɤ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɤɢ - ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ

ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɆɍɋɉɌȼ - ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɟɪɯ ɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɢɥɹ.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢ ɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɟ ɬɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ-

ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢ ɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨ ɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɜɚɥɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ

152

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟ ɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɭɤɫɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɫ ɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɦɤɭ

ɄɁȾ-3 - ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɵɜɚ ɮɚɡ - ɲɬ. ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɚ ɱɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ -

ɫɦ ɩ 8.5 ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɚɦɢɆɄȼ- Ⱥ Ɇ - ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ - ɲɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɢɥɟ

ɩɨɞ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɟɬɭ ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɤ

ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩ ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɟ q, 1,5q, 3q, 5,5q).

ɉɪɚɜɵɣ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦɋɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ

Ɂɚɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ - ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟ ɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɭɱɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɬ ɱɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ³ɐȿɇɌɊɈȼɄȺ´ Ɂɚɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɜɟɬɧɭɸ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ

ɉ - ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɋ - ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɚ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ Ɂ - ɡɚɞɧɹɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɟɥɬɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ

ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ – ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɬɤɢɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɤɨɦ.

ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ´ ɋɌȺȻɂɅɂɁȺɌɈɊ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ©ɉɂɄɂɊ – ȼɕɄɅ – ɄȺȻɊɂɊª Ʉɨɥɩɚɱɨɤ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ

ɋ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɤɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚ ɬɨɪɨɦ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɤɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

153

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɟɥɟ ɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɚɛɥɨ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ´ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢ ɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ

Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ´ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɦɭɮɬɭ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ

Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨ

ɪɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚ ɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ

ɛ ɪɭɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ - ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɨɜ

ɋɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ

ɋɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɬ ɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ´ ɧɚ ɤɨ ɡɵɪɶɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɤɨɦ Ɂɚɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɫɬɚɛɢ ɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɟ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ

ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ q ɫ ɆɄȼ- Ɇ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨ ɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɐ - ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɦɚɝ ɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɧɚ ɤɚɛɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɄɁȾɄɁȾ- ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɫɟɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝ

154

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ȼɄɅɘɑ ´ ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɛ ɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɫɹ ɤɨɧ ɬɚɤɬɵ Ʉȼ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɢ ɩɨɝɚɫɚɧɢɸ ɬɚɛɥɨ

ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɭɝɥɚ q ɜ ɆɄȼɋɉ Ⱥ- ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ Ʉȼ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɞɭɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ʉȼ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɧɚ ɤɚɛɪɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɟ

ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ Ʉȼ ɜ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ

ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɛɨɪɤɭ ɩɟ ɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɟ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɐ - ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɚ q ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɆɄȼ-45.

ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ʉȼ ɜ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ

ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨ ɥɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ q ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ q ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɚ q ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɆɄȼɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ Ʉȼ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɆɄȼɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɞɚɞɭɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ q ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ Ʉȼ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɝɥɭ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ q ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɦ

ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ

155

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ³ ´ ɡɚɞɧɹɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ q ɬ ɟ ɧɟ ɩɟ

ɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

Ɋɭɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ

Ɋɭɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ .

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ³ɋɌȺ ȻɂɅ ´ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ³ɉɂɄɂɊ ´ ɢɥɢ ³ɄȺȻɊɂɊ ´ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɉɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɫ ɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ³ɄȺȻɊɂɊ.” ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɛɭ ɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ q ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ Ʉȼ ɜ ɆɄȼ- Ⱥ ɨɬ ɤɥɸɱɚɬ ɨɛɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɆɍɋɉɌȼ

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ³ɉɂɄɂɊ ´ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɝɥɚ q.

ɄɁȾ- ɢ ɬɚɛɥɨ ³ɋɌȺȻɂɅ ȼɄɅ ´ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɉɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ

ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ

10.7. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ

ɂɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɫɩɨɣɥɟɪɵ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɭ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɭɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɧɢ ɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚɯ ȽȺ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞ ɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɄȻ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɦɢ Ʌɨɝɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵ

156

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɚ

ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ

ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɷɥɟɪɨɧ-ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɨɦ Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ ɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɪɨɧɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɺɬ ɤ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɤɪɵɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɩɨɥ ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɧɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɂɯ ɩɨɞɴɺɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɵ,

ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɟ ɲɬɭɪɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ

ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ

ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɞɜɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɧ ɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɦ ɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ

Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɋɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ȿɝɨ ɡɨɥɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ³ɂɇɌȿɊɐȿɉɌɈɊɕ ɋɊȿȾɇɂȿ´ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɭ ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɞ ɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɭɛɨɪɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ©ɫɚɦɚª ɩɟɪɟɦɟ ɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɝɥɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ 40÷50q ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɨɤɪɚɧ.

Ʉɪɚɧ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɺɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ

157

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

-ɩɪɢ ɪɵɱɚɝɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ©ɦɚɥɵɣ ɝɚɡª ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɹ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɲɚɫɫɢ

-ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɹ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɍɛɨɪɤɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟ

ɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

10 ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɲɚɫɫɢ

ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɯɨɬɹ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɮɚɤɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɧɚ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɟ – Ɍɭ-114.

ȼ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ɧɚ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ȽȺ ɞɥɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɵ

ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ

-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɺɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɢɥɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ əɤȺɧ- ȺɧɌɭ- Ɍɭ- ɢ ɞɪ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ

-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɂɥɂɥ- Ɍɭ-204,

Ɍɭ- ɂɥ-96) – ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɧɚ ɭɛɨɪɤɭ ȼ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɧ

158

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɺɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞ ɪɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɢɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɪɚɛɚ ɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɨɤɪɚɧɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ Ʉɪɚɧɵ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɵ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɒɚɫɫɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɤɢ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɋɬɜɨɪɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɪɚɛɚ-

ɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɪɟɥɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ ɱɢɬɶ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɤɢ ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɜɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɬɨɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɥɺɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɠɟɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚ ɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɉɟ ɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɨɣɤɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɨɥɺɬɚ ɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɛ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ

ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɣɤɚɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɛɠɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɰɟɩɶ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ

10 ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ

ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɫ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫ ɤɟ ɩɢɥɨɬɨɜ ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɛɨɪɬɢɧɠɟ

ɧɟɪɚ .

159

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɝ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɚ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɟ – ɡɟɥɺɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɺɬɟ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɚɹ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɹɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɥɚ ɩɢɥɨɬɚ Ȼɵɥɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ – ɠɺɥɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɭɩɪɨɳɺɧɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɨɜ ȽȺ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɲɚɫɫɢ

ȼ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ʉȼ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ 10.14.).

ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ Ʉȼ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɨ-

ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɸ ɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ Ʉȼ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɢ Ʉȼ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɝ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɧɨɝɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɨɤ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉȼ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɤɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɉɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵ ɜɚɟɬ Ʉȼ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ

ɉɪɢ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɧɟ ɝɨɪɹɬ

160

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɺɬɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȽȺ

ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɆɋɊɉ

Ɋɢɫ 10.14. ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɲɚɫɫɢ

ɉɪɢ ɭɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɧɟ ɝɨɪɹɬ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵ-

ɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ Ʉȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɟ-

ɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɇɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɚɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ

ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɝ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ȼ Ƚɰ ɂɧɮɨɪ ɦɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɥɶɬɟ ɛɨɪɬɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ