Урология - Hydronephrosis

Complaints

swelling of the scrotum, the loose bag of skin underneath the penis

Diagnostics

Palpation of scrotum

Ultrasound (1-testis, 2 hydrocele)

Diaphanoscopy

(hernia?)

Treatment

Surgical

Vinkelmans opertion

Bergmans operation

Nephroptosis

 downward displacement of the kidney

Aethiology

Changes of supporting apparatus of kindey, fibrouse capsule, adipose capsule

Pathogenesis

Infection diseases, rapid weight loss, decreased tonus of abdominal wall, trauma

Neproptosis - stages

1.On taking a deep breath the

lover segmant of kidney is palpated, on outward breath it goes back to the hypochondrium

2.In vertical position all kidney

goes down from hypochondrium, in gorisontal position comes back.

3.Kidney totally goes down from the hypochondrium and is eaqsily moved to the pelvis.

Nephroptosis - symptoms

1.Dull inconstant pain at lumbal area becomes stronger at physical exercises

2.+ proteinuria, erytrocyrteuria

3.+ constant pain

Loss af appetetis, impairment of bowel function, depression.

Nephroptosis - complications

Pyelonephritis,

vein hypertension of kidney,

arterial hypertension,

haematuria,

hydronephrosis.

Diagnostics

Anamnesis

Palpation

Laboratory tests

IVP in horisontal and vertical position

Radioisotope scanning

Renal artetiography