The verbs

Present Simple:

1. She speaks English.

2. The Earth rotates round its axis.

3. We write two tests each term.

4. The train leaves at 10 tomorrow.

Present Continuous:

1. What’s that smell? – something is burning.

2. I’m leaving tonight.

3. The Earth is always moving.

4. She is constantly laughing.

Present Perfect:

1. He has recovered from his illness.

2. Have you seen him today?

3. I have never seen him.

4. I have known her for 5 years.

Present Perfect Continuous:

1. I have been learning English for 10 years.

2. There are puddles everywhere. It has been raining hard.

Past Simple:

1. He met us at the station.

2. He shut the window, switched off the light and went upstairs.

3. He made an entry in his diary every night.

Past Continuous:

1. I was writing a letter to my friend at 5 o’clock yesterday.

2. I was waiting him from 5 to 6 on Sunday.

3. I was washing the dishes when Mum came.

Past Perfect:

He had finished his work by 5 o’clock yesterday.

Past Perfect Continuous:

1. We had been climbing for six hours when at last we reached the summit of the mountain.

2. Outside everything was in deep snow. It had been snowing hard all night.

Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future-in-the-Past:

1. I will write these exercises tomorrow.

2. I will be writing a letter to my friend at 5 o’clock tomorrow.

3. He will have finished his work when I call him.

4. She said she would come late.

Sequence of tenses:

1. I know that he plays tennis well.

2. I knew he played tennis well.

3. I received from her a letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me.

4. As far as I can see he did not realize that very soon all would be over.

5. The other day I read in a book that everything alive consists mostly of water.

6. Margaret, I was saying to you - and I beg you to listen to me – that as far as I have known Mrs. Erlynne, she has conducted herself well.

7. She said I must come at once.

8. He said: “The campaign is a great success”.

He said (that) the campaign was a great success.

9. He said that the sun rises in the east.

10. Where is it?”

He asked me where it was.

11. Do you speak French?

She asked me if I spoke French.

Passive voice:

1. A lot of rice is eaten in Asia.

2. Lions and tigers can be seen in Zoos.

3. I couldn’t use my car last week, it was being repaired.

4. This room hasn’t been swept for a fortnight.

Complex object:

1. We expect him to do it in time.

2. I watched her approached.

3. He considers this question to be of great importance.

4. I hate you to talk in this way.

5. The teacher allowed her to come in.

Modal verbs (general characteristics):

1. You may leave early.

2. You should do as you told.

3. You needn’t wait.

4. I can lift 25 kg.

5. It will rain soon.

6. He must go away right now.

Modal verbs “can”, “may” and “must”:

1. a) He can solve the most difficult problems.

b) You can go now.

c) Could you get me a glass of water?

d) You can’t cross the street here.

2. a) May I see your garden, please?

b) It might rain this afternoon.

c) I may go to Italy in July.

d) You might have reminded me about it.

3. a) Well, it’s ten o’clock, I must go now.

b) You must leave the room at once.

c) You mustn’t speak to a prisoner.

Direct and indirect speech:

1.a) “I have your T-shirt.” He says that he has my T-shirt.

b) “Bill arrived on Saturday”, he said.

He said that Bill had arrived/ arrived on Saturday.

c) “We had finished our work by five o’clock.”

He said that they had finished their work by five o’clock.

d) “She will come soon.”

They told me that she would come in soon time.

e) “My uncle has just arrived from Paris”

Bob said that his uncle had just arrived from Paris.

2. a) “You could help my sister.”

She said that I could help her sister.

b) “I must clean the room.”

He said he must/ had to clean the room.

3. a) The mother said to the lazy son, «Wake up!”

The mother told the lazy son to wake up.

b) Father said to me, “Remember to post those letters”.

Father reminded me to post those letters.

c) I said Nick, «Shut the door, please”.

I asked Nick to shut the door.

d) Mother said to the children, “Don’t ever enter this room”.

Mother warned the children not to enter the room.

4. a) Ann’s mother asked her, “Are you tired?”

Ann’s mother asked her if she was tired.

b) He asked his friend, “Do you like the wine?”

He asked his friend if he liked the wine.

c) I asked Frank, “Did you buy a new car?”

I asked Frank if he had bought a new car.

d) Ann’s father asked her, “Have you finished the work?”

Ann’s father asked her whether she had finished the work.

e) I asked my sister, “Will you go to Italy in summer?”

I asked my sister whether she would go to Italy in summer.

5. a) Peter asked, “Who has taken my book?”

Peter asked who had taken his book.

b) He asked Roger, “When will he come back?”

He asked Roger when he would come back.

c) Ted asked, “Where do your parents live?’

Ted asked where his parents lived.

The verb “to have”, “have got”:

1. I’ve got a new house / I have a new house.

Has she got a car? / Does she have a car?

2. Have you got a girlfriend? / Do you have a girlfriend?

He’s got three brothers / He has three brothers.

3. I’ve got a bad cold / I have a bad cold.

I’ve got a headache / I have a headache.

4. Her office has got a nice view / Her office has a nice view.

Why has he got a tattoo? / Why does he have a tattoo?

5. To have dinner/breakfast, to have tea/coffee/a bath.

6. I have a cup of tea in the morning (usually).

I haven’t got tea this morning.

Sentences with introductory “there”:

1. There is a bridge over the river. There are five cats in the room.

2. Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. There will be somebody at home. There has never been anybody like you. 3. There came a knock at the door. There seems to be a problem. There happened to be no one near by to help her.