ВОПРОСЫ К ЭКЗАМЕНУ (VII СЕМЕСТР)

1. Conditional Sentences. The Zero Conditional.

2. Conditional Sentences. The First Conditional.

3. Conditional Sentences. The Second Conditional.

4. Conditional Sentences. The Third Conditional.

5. Conditional Sentences. The Mixed Conditional.

6. The Subjunctive Mood with I wish… .

7. The Subjunctive Mood with But for… .

8. The Subjunctive Mood with If only… .

9. The Subjunctive Mood with as if… .

10. The Subjunctive Mood with as though… .

11. Conditional Sentences without If.

12. Different Conjunctions in Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentences. The Zero Conditional.

Conditional sentences are complex sentences with a subordinate clause of condition. Adverbial clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, unless, in case, suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition that, provided (that), providing (that).

Conditional sentences may be divided into two groups: sentences of real condition (open condition) and sentences of unreal condition (hypothetical condition).

The Zero Conditional is used to show that one action, or result, always follows another. These sentences refer to the present or past and describe regularly occurring actions.

Clauses of condition are usually joined to the principal clause of the Zero Conditional by means of the conjunction if, etc. or when (whenever) in the meaning of concession. In such sentences of real condition we find the Indicative Mood: the Present Indefinite or the Past Indefinite in both clauses.

e.g. I always lose money if (when) I bet.

In the evenings we played chess or strolled about if it was fine.

Conditional Sentences. The First Conditional.

Conditional sentences are complex sentences with a subordinate clause of condition. Adverbial clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, unless, in case, suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition that, provided (that), providing (that).

Conditional sentences may be divided into two groups: sentences of real condition (open condition) and sentences of unreal condition (hypothetical condition).

The First Conditional is used to talk about events which are possible in the future.

In such sentences of real condition we find the Indicative Mood: the Present Indefinite in the if-clause and the Future Indefinite in the main clause.

e.g. If it rains, we will stay at home.

You won’t pass in case you don’t try harder.

Conditional Sentences. The Second Conditional.

Conditional sentences are complex sentences with a subordinate clause of condition. Adverbial clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, unless, in case, suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition that, provided (that), providing (that).

Conditional sentences may be divided into two groups: sentences of real condition (open condition) and sentences of unreal condition (hypothetical condition).

The Second Conditional is used to talk about unlikely situations in the present or future. These sentences describe hypothetical actions. The action of the if-clause is represented to the speaker as contradicting reality; consequently the action of the main clause, which depends on this unreal condition, cannot be realized either.

In such sentences of unreal condition we find the Subjunctive Mood (Past Indefinite) in the if-clause and the Conditional Mood, or the Analytical Subjunctive (Future Simple-in-the-Past) in the main clause.

e.g. If I had enough money, I would retire.

He’d be a pauper tomorrow if I didn’t see to things.