- •The Category of Mood in Modern English
- •The Imperative Mood
- •Exercises on the imperative mood
- •Subjunctive I
- •Subjunctive I in Simple Sentences
- •The Suppositional Mood
- •Subjunctive I and the Suppositional Mood in Complex Sentences
- •I. Subjunctive I and the present Suppositional are used in the following clauses and patterns:
- •II. Both tenses of the suppositional mood are used in the following patterns:
- •Simple sentences
- •Somebody had better do/not do smth
- •If only somebody did something
- •Complex sentences
- •The Conditional Mood
- •Complex Sentences with Subordinate Clauses of Condition
- •Conjunctions Introducing Conditional Clauses
II. Both tenses of the suppositional mood are used in the following patterns:
1. In subject clauses of the kind:
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understandable |
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natural |
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characteristic |
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smb should do smth |
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surprising |
that |
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is |
strange, odd |
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smth should have done smth |
It |
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doubtful |
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was |
impossible |
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unpleasant |
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a pity |
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a shame |
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essential |
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inevitable |
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It is natural that he should accept the offer.
Note: with the expressions «it is possible», «it is probable», «it is likely»
«may + infinitive» is used:
It is possible (probable, likely) that he may come tomorrow.
2. In object clauses in the pattern:
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natural |
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strange |
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think |
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curious |
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smb should do smth |
believe |
it |
odd |
that |
smth should be done |
consider |
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pleasant |
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smb should have done |
find |
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unpleasant |
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smth should have been done |
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possible |
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impossible |
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He believed it impossible that anybody should have coped with the task.
3. In object clauses after the expressions be astonished, etc.:
be astonished |
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smb should do smth |
be surprised |
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smth should be done |
be sorry |
that |
smb should have done smth |
be pleased |
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smth should have been done |
be grieved |
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I was pleased that she should have mentioned my book.
4. In attributive clauses modifying the nouns fear, worry, anxiety, dread after the conjunction lest:
have |
fear |
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smb should do smth |
express |
worry |
lest |
smth should be done |
feel |
dread |
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smb should have done smth |
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anxiety |
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smth should have been done |
She had a constant fear lest something should happen to her son.
but:
have |
fear |
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smb may/ might do smth |
express |
worry |
that |
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feel |
dread |
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smb may/might have done smth |
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anxiety |
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She had a constant fear that something might happen.
5. In predicative clauses introduced by the conjunction lest after the nouns fear, etc.:
fear |
is |
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smb should do smth |
worry |
was |
lest |
smth should be done |
dread |
will be |
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smb should have done smth |
anxiety |
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smth should have been done |
Her only fear is lest she should be mistaken.
but:
fear |
is |
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smb may/ might do smth |
worry |
was |
that |
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dread |
will be |
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smb may/might have dome smth |
anxiety |
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Her only worry is/was that there may/might be something wrong.
The Suppositional Mood is used:
1. In indirect questions beginning with why (Subjunctive I is possible but rare):
Nobody could explain why he should have done so.
2. Modifying the noun regret:
She expressed her regret that things should have taken a bad turn.
3. Modifying the noun time:
It is high / about time you should go.
note: Subjunctive II is in more common use here:
It is time we went home.
4. In conditional clauses when the fulfilment of the condition is unlikely though possible:
If I should meet her tomorrow I should / shall speak to her.
subjunctive I is used:
1. After the conjunction unless in the language of official documents:
The tariff shall apply to all merchandise shipped to all ports unless they be free ports.
2. In indirect questions beginning with if / whether and depending on expressions of negative or doubtful meaning:
We cannot tell if it be true.
Subjunctive II
•Subjunctive II represents an action as contrary to reality:
e.g. I wish he were with us (my desire contradicts the actual state of things - he is not with us).
•Subjunctive II has two tenses: the present and the past.
The present Subjunctive is homonymous with the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.
The past Subjunctive II is homonymous with the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous .
•The verb be has the form were for all persons: e.g. he, she it were, I were.