- •Section I post-graduate education. Academic and research degrees topic related vocabulary
- •Grammar Review: Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Grammar Review: Emphatic Means
- •Section II
- •Career Prospects for Postgraduates
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Tenses in the Passive Voice
- •Grammar Review: Types of Questions
- •Section III research supervision topic related vocabulary
- •Golden rules on how to approach your supervisor
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents
- •Section IV attending a conference
- •Academic Conference
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Connectives
- •Grammar Review: Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech
- •Section V
- •International cooperation. Exchange programmes. Study and research visits
- •Topic related vocabulary
- •Exchange Programs
- •A report on my studies
- •Report on my research
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: If clauses
- •Grammar Review: Types of Clauses
- •Section VI summary making. Essay and abstract writing
- •List of Expressions Used for Summary Writing
- •Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets
- •Abstract
- •Right to education – a challenge for the world?
- •Abstract
- •List of Expressions for Writing Abstracts
- •Grammar Review: Participle I and Participle Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Participle II and Participle Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions
- •Section VIII research paper
- •In the present section the lexical means to help you speak on the topic of your research are introduced.
- •The aim of the investigation is to present systematic description of …
- •The findings are in agreement with …
- •Grammar Review: Gerund and Gerundial Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Non-Finite Forms of the Verb.
- •List of Academic Vocabulary Used for Writing Abstracts, Making Summaries and Preparing Reports.
- •Linking Words and Phrases Used in Written and Spoken Academic English
- •Functional Phrase List Used for Conducting Discussions, Debates, Giving Presentations
- •5. Expressing agreement, approval
Section VIII research paper
The final aim of post-graduate studies is production of the dissertation and its defence. On the eve of the defence procedure abstract of the thesis is to be issued, it being a digest of the research made. Since abstracts are designed in accordance with the established pattern, in the abstract a researcher is to reflect certain scientific points: to state the purpose of the investigation, define its subject, object, describe the methods applied, ground its topicality and novelty, present personal findings, state the practical value and possibilities for further research.
In the present section the lexical means to help you speak on the topic of your research are introduced.
Presenting the topic of your research.
n.: |
study, investigation, research, paper |
v.: |
to deal with, to be devoted (to), to study, to investigate, to undertake, to examine |
adj.: |
detailed, thorough, extensive, comprehensive, preliminary, brief |
adv.: |
in detail, thoroughly, carefully, accurately |
The paper deals with…
The study is devoted to…
The investigation studies…
The research of … is dealt with in the paper.
An extensive study of the problem of… has been undertaken in the paper.
A comprehensive analysis of … has been presented in the research.
The case of … has been thoroughly studied in Chapter 2.
The investigation deals with…
… are dealt with in detail in the present research.
Defining the purpose of the research.
n.: |
aim, purpose, task, goal, objective |
v.: |
to determine, to reveal, to establish, to describe, to provide, to present, to be designed (for) …, to be intended…, to be aimed (at) … . |
adj.: |
main, chief, primary, principal |
conj.: |
in order, so that |
The aim of the study is to determine the value …
The research is aimed at revealing the ways of …
The main purpose of the paper is to establish the regularities/the difference in …
The investigation is designed to simplify the procedure of …
The chief task of the research is to reveal the causes of…/ the essence of …
The research is intended to eliminate ambiguity … / undesirable effect …
The research is aimed at providing evidence for … / new facts in support of …
The aim of the investigation is to present systematic description of …
Explaining the topicality and novelty of the research.
n.: |
topicality, novelty, merit, comparison, innovation |
v.: |
present, offer, combine, compose, resemble |
adj.: |
fundamental, chief, main, essential, obvious, certain, ordinary, standard, former, previous, expected, analogous (to), similar (to), identical (with) |
adv.: |
formerly, previously, usually, commonly (used) |
We offer a fundamentally new approach…
The essential merit of our work is …
The approach is not similar to that previously used …
The novelty of the research can be seen …
The research compares favorably with …
Explanation is offered for …
Since previous works suffered from considerable limitations …
We tried to interpret the phenomenon of …
We intended to overcome the difficulty of …
Advantages and limitations of … are discussed for the first time …
In contrast to identical works in the field of … our understanding provides …
As opposed to commonly recognized classification …
Unlike commonly recognized definition of …
Describing methods applied.
n.: |
method, technique, approach, procedure |
v.: |
apply, present, follow, employ, use, allow, permit |
adj.: |
general, main, additional, modern, appropriate, reliable, effective, improved, promising, adequate, up-to-date, conventional, unconventional |
Modern methods of scientific analysis have been applied…
Unconventional approach to … has been presented in the paper.
Appropriate technique has been used …
Reliable methods of analyzing facts of …
The comparative method is useful in …
Methods of empirical and systematic analysis were used …
The approach is especially helpful when …
The approach is more flexible and permits …
The methods of synchronic and diachronic analysis used in the study allow/permit…
The technique is best suited in evaluating …
Comparison is made of the method generally adopted with that used in the investigation.
We have applied an alternative method which …
Describing your findings.
n.: |
theory, hypothesis, correlation, discrepancy, assumption, findings, data, evidence, viewpoint, model, function, basis, dependence, influence, effect, interrelations |
v.: |
assume, present, provide, report, check, produce, verify, extend (to), find, establish, generate, produce, reveal |
adj.: |
primary, simple, complicated, accurate, satisfactory, certain, preliminary, convincing, contradictory, ambiguous, similar, general, complete, full, variable |
adv.: |
especially, particularly, specially |
It was found that …
The data obtained enables us to determine the nature of …
Our findings provide evidence for …
Our findings make possible the application of …
An analysis of … indicated that …, which made it possible …
The principal advantage of the approach based on …
Of special importance for … is …
Of particular value for … is …
The present observation supports the viewpoint …
Obviously, it’s due to the fact that …
The influence of … on … has been revealed.
Little dependence of … on … has been observed.
This phenomenon is closely connected with …
The validity of the assumption was questioned …
The study has revealed a better understanding of …
These discrepancies are caused by …