Progress Questions

1. What is an academic conference? Who usually organizes/convenes academic conferences?

2. How do prospective participants get to know about the conference?

3. What information does a preliminary announcement contain?

4. Who is the preliminary announcement usually sent to?

5. What is the routine conference agenda? How is the work of the conference organized?

6. What is an abstract? What is the procedure of presenting abstracts or papers to the conference?

7. What are conference proceedings? When are they published and distributed?

8. What is the role of academic conferences in the activity of a young researcher?

9. Have you ever participated in a conference? What kind of conference was it?

10. What workshops did you attend? Did you make a presentation?

11. Was your abstract published in the conference proceedings?

12. What was your impression of the conference? What experience did you gain?

Grammar Review: Connectives

Step 1. Translate into Russian.

1. Apart from lecture courses teaching is done mostly in laboratories or in tutorial groups. – Помимо …

2. Meanwhile, some of the local technical colleges had developed their courses to a higher level, and eight of these were given their own charters. – Тем временем …

3. So within three years the number of universities in England doubled. – Поэтому …

4. Yet an important difference remains. – Все же …

5. In particular, at the examination stage none of your examiners may have had the necessary understanding and competence to be able to bridge the disciplines and make a proper assessment of your research contribution. – В частности …

6. Thus, good communication is absolutely vital, so if you are a student, make sure you know precisely what it is that is expected of you. – Таким образом …

7. Actually the length of a doctoral dissertation varies from discipline to discipline, it is usual to expect a manuscript of at least 250 pages. – В сущности …

8. The dynamics of this process becomes clearer as one works through the book. – … по мере того как …

9. Postgraduate study demonstrates the commitment of the individual as well as the specific skills they have honed during their studies and over 97% postgraduates found employment within a year after graduating. – … также как и …

10. Alternatively, in some areas such as fine art and design and the humanities, research work may be more individually based. – Или же …

11. In fact, this guide is designed to help you navigate the research voyage through developing a research question and thesis, doing the research, writing the paper, and correctly documenting your sources. – Фактически …

12. First of all, you should analyse your previous experience in study. – Прежде всего …

13. Finally, you should make up your mind on your future career. – Наконец …

14. In addition, higher education institutions should work closely with employers to provide better information, advice and guidance on career choices for postgraduate research students. – К тому же …

15. However, it is important to ask whether the way the postgraduate system is currently funded offers the best possible value for money and is flexible enough. – Однако …

16. At first, the proposal was viewed with suspicion but after much deliberation it was finally accepted. – Вначале …

17. Contrary to popular belief, statistics alone can not provide the answer. – В отличие от …

18. Therefore I feel that it is difficult to explain the discrepancy between the date. – Поэтому …

Addition:	also, moreover, in addition, besides, in addition to, as well as, etc.
Contrast:	however, nevertheless
Contrast and comparison:	on the other hand, by contrast, on the contrary, conversely, in spite of/despite, etc.
Result and conclusion:	thus, therefore, hence, consequently, etc.
Alternatives:	alternatively, otherwise, instead
Rephrasing and correcting:	in other words, or rather, at least
“Main point” linkers:	anyway, in any case, the thing is
“Extra point” linkers:	by the way, incidentally
Reality:	in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, etc.
Exemplification and summation:	for example, for instance, all in all, in short
Organisation and narrative linkers:	firstly, at first, finally, at last, etc.
Reason:	because of, as a result of, owing to/due to
Clarification:	namely, such as, including, especially

Step 2. Translate into English.

1. Более того, программы постоянно обновляются, включают современные подходы обучения и выработки необходимых навыков.

2. В любом случае, ваша задача в максимально короткие сроки представить результаты исследования.

3. В целом, рекомендуется прикладывать к пакету документов любые свидетельства ваших достижений – дипломы, сертификаты и т. д.

4. Более того, любая кафедра заинтересована в том, чтобы аспиранты защищались всрок.

5. Помимо профессионального преподавания теоретических аспектов, каждая из программ носит прикладной характер.

6. Аннотация представляет собой краткую характеристику статьи, тогда как реферат – краткое изложение содержания статьи или доклада.

7. Фактически многие учебные заведения предлагают программы подготовки в магистратуру по специальным методикам.

8. К тому же, магистерская степень повышает вашу значимость в глазах работодателя и является бесценным опытом в жизни.

9. Йельский университет известен своими достижениями в области гуманитарных наук, между тем, он является и одним из ведущих научно-исследовательских центров США.

10. Во-вторых, точные формулировки повышают эффективность следующего этапа научной работы.

11. Однако аспирантура – это самостоятельная форма получения образования, цель которой – научиться заниматься научными исследованиями.

12. К тому же, результаты, представленные в таблицах и схемах, в форме компьютерной презентации, помогают в восприятии информации.

13. Тем не менее, наилучший результат достигается, когда периоды собственного творчества чередуются с периодами глубокого изучения темы.

14. Во-первых, в аспирантуру берут не всех, а только тех, кто достиг успехов в учебе, и, во-вторых, тех, кто ведет реальную научную работу.

15. И наконец, планировать свое участие в конференциях нужно заранее, т. к. сроки подачи тезисов обычно заканчиваются задолго до начала конференции.