- •Section I post-graduate education. Academic and research degrees topic related vocabulary
- •Grammar Review: Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Grammar Review: Emphatic Means
- •Section II
- •Career Prospects for Postgraduates
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Tenses in the Passive Voice
- •Grammar Review: Types of Questions
- •Section III research supervision topic related vocabulary
- •Golden rules on how to approach your supervisor
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents
- •Section IV attending a conference
- •Academic Conference
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: Connectives
- •Grammar Review: Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech
- •Section V
- •International cooperation. Exchange programmes. Study and research visits
- •Topic related vocabulary
- •Exchange Programs
- •A report on my studies
- •Report on my research
- •Progress Questions
- •Grammar Review: If clauses
- •Grammar Review: Types of Clauses
- •Section VI summary making. Essay and abstract writing
- •List of Expressions Used for Summary Writing
- •Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets
- •Abstract
- •Right to education – a challenge for the world?
- •Abstract
- •List of Expressions for Writing Abstracts
- •Grammar Review: Participle I and Participle Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Participle II and Participle Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions
- •Section VIII research paper
- •In the present section the lexical means to help you speak on the topic of your research are introduced.
- •The aim of the investigation is to present systematic description of …
- •The findings are in agreement with …
- •Grammar Review: Gerund and Gerundial Constructions
- •Grammar Review: Non-Finite Forms of the Verb.
- •List of Academic Vocabulary Used for Writing Abstracts, Making Summaries and Preparing Reports.
- •Linking Words and Phrases Used in Written and Spoken Academic English
- •Functional Phrase List Used for Conducting Discussions, Debates, Giving Presentations
- •5. Expressing agreement, approval
Grammar Review: Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech
Step 1. Tips:
“Why can’t you work under pressure?”
The first interviewer asked why she couldn’t work under pressure.
Does the job provide benefits?
The applicant asked if the job provided benefits.
“Modern technology began with the development of power-driven machines and growth of the factory system.”
It was mentioned that modern technology had begun with the development of power-driven machines and growth of the factory system.
“Did you fill in the application form?”
The clerk asked if I had filled in the application form.
“The European Union has developed international scientific cooperation over the last years”
It was stressed that the European Union had developed international scientific cooperation over the last years.
“Think of another theme for your report.”
The supervisor asked me to think of another theme for my report.
Step 2. Complete each sentence in reported speech, beginning as shown.
“Indicate the ways in which you have used these data.”
They were asked …
“To succeed in your master’s and doctoral studies is by no means the final product, as the landscape of postgraduate research changes all the time.”
Professor Mouton says …
“Did the analyses of interviews begin with a detailed summary of what had been said?”
The employer wanted to know …
“I have had some disasters but I have also learnt an immense amount from the graduate students I worked with.”
My colleague concluded …
“A traditional course in social research methodology will not meet the needs of students concerning thesis requirements.”
Professor Brown soon explained: …
“This is a type of individual study which indicates how well a student has learned to carry out research, think critically and organize information into clearly defined statements.”
The supervisor underlined …
“It will lead to the explosive development of the Internet and its countless commercial applications.”
It was stressed …
“Who wrote the application for you?”
The interviewer asked …
“The degrees of master and doctor were for some time equivalent”.
The lecturer said …
“The scientific revolution has brought new ideas, discoveries and inventions.”
The reporter underlined …
“Can students be supervised in groups?”
The student asked …
“Will curiosity-driven research be supported by public or private funds?”
The postgraduate wondered …
“The main significance of the higher postgraduate degrees is that they license the holder to teach.”
The scientific adviser agreed …
“UK Universities and Research Councils will do more to identify and promote the economic and social value of postgraduate study.”
The authorities promised …
“Postgraduate students need the right support, advice, knowledge and skills to get the most from their postgraduate experience.”
It was reminded …
Step 3. Translate into English.
Ему объяснили, что поступающие на учебу в аспирантуру проходят собеседование с предполагаемым научным руководителем.
Министр был удовлетворен тем, что университеты, в свою очередь, также наладили свои собственные зарубежные связи.
Было рекомендовано определенным научным учреждениям создать специализированные советы по защите кандидатских и докторских диссертаций.
Лектор обратил внимание студентов на то, что в процессе развития науки происходит постоянное обновление знаний, идей и концепций.
Им сказали, что лица, сдавшие кандидатские экзамены, освобождаются от соответствующих вступительных экзаменов.
Правительство заявило, что необходимо укреплять потенциал университетов в области подготовки научных кадров мирового уровня в исследовательской среде.
В статье отмечалось, что австралийский исследовательский совет обеспечивает финансирование 4650 исследовательских проектов по всей Австралии.
Все согласились, что формирование национальной инновационной системы является важнейшей задачей, неотъемлемой частью экономической политики государства.
Преподаватель поинтересовался, где он может пройти повышение квалификации.
Председатель Совета подчеркнул, что возможности для международного сотрудничества среди научного сообщества расширяются.
Докладчик особо отметил , что в истории человечества было создано и существовало довольно большое количество самых разнообразных картин мира.
Аспирант хотел знать, кто предложил два основных метода получения достоверной информации о природе и человеке.
Было упомянуто, что конференции молодых ученых, круглые столы, встречи с ведущими специалистами в различных отраслях науки являются традиционными в университете.
Автор подтвердил, что анализ и синтез играют важную роль в экспериментальном исследовании.
Ректор подчеркнул, что программа нацелена на привлечение молодых исследователей и финансирование расходов, связанных с обменом сотрудниками.