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Indirect questions (Переведення питальних речень у непряму мову)

1.

. При переведенні питальних речень в непряму мову, питальна частина вводиться словами

Ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, при цьому зберігається прямий порядок слів, як в твердженнях.

2.

Коли питання починається з питального слова

(Who, where, how, old, how long ), питальна частина почнеться з цього ж слова.

“What do you want to know?” she asked me. – She asked me what I wanted to know.

3.

Коли питання починається з допоміжного(is, do, have) або модального (can, may…) дієслова, питальна частина вводиться словами if, whether

“Have you seen this man before?” he asked me.- He asked me if/ whether I had seen the man before.

Indirect instructions, requests, suggestions (Переведення у непряму мову команд, прохань, пропозицій)

1.

Щоб передати чужі накази та інструкції ми вживаємо

Order (tell) + sb + (not) to + дієслово

“Put the gun down!” he said to him. – He ordered him to put the gun down.

2.

Щоб передати чужі прохання, вживаємо

Ask, beg + sb + (not)to + дієслово

“Please, please don’t call the police,” he said to Colin. – He begged Colin not to call the police.

3.

Щоб передати пропозиції, вживаємо

Suggest + Ving(that sb (should)) + дієслово

“Let’s go outside”, I said to them. – I suggested going/ that we (should) go outside.

The structures “used to do”, “be used to doing” for habits (Позначення звичок за допомогою структур “used to do” “be used to doing”)

MEANING

STRUCTURE

EXAMPLE

1

Позначення минулих звичок, того, що особа раніше робила, а тепер не робить

used to + V

Dennis used to play the guitar.

Did Dennis use to play the piano?

No, he didn’t use to play the piano; he never used to play it.

2

Позначення теперішніх звичок, того, до чого особа звикла на даний момент часу

be used to + Ving

або Noun

am

is (not) used to Ving

are

was

were

Susan wasn’t used to driving on the left. But she got used to it. Now she is used to driving on the left.

I expect we’ll get used to the noise but at the moment we find it very disturbing

Introductory verbs (Дієслова, що вживаються в непрямій мові)

Introductory Verb

Direct speech

Reported speech

Дієслова, що потребують після себе дієслова з часткою to

(Verb + to infinitive)

agree

*claim

demand

offer

*promise

refuse

*threaten

“Yes, I’ll lend you the money.”

“I saw the robbers.”

“Give me the money.”

“Would you like me to help you?”

“I’ll return the book to you soon.”

“No, I won’t call her.”

“Stop shouting or I’ll punish you.”

He agreed to lend me the money.

He claimed to have seen the robbers.

He demanded to be given the money.

He offered to help me.

He promised to return the book to me soon.

He refused to call her.

He threatened to punish her if she didn’t stop shouting.

Дієслова, що потребують після себе займенника в обєктному відмінку та дієслова з часткою to

(Verb +sb+ to infinitive)

advise

allow

ask

beg

command

forbid

invite

order

*remind

warn

“You should eat more fruit.”

“You can go to the party”

“Could you do me a favour?”

“Please, please don’t hurt me.”

“Put your hands up.”

“You mustn’t stay out late.”

“Will you come to my wedding?”

“Go to your room!”

“Don’t forget to buy some milk.”

“Don’t touch the iron.”

He advised me to eat more fruit.

He allowed me to go to the party.

He asked me to do him a favour.

He begged them not to hurt him.

He commanded them to put their hands up.

He forbade me to stay out late.

He invited me to (go to) his wedding.

He ordered me to go to my room.

He reminded me to buy some milk.

He warned me not to touch the iron.

Дієслова, що потребують після себе дієслова з закінченням -ing

(Verb+ -ing form)

*accuse sb of

*admit (to)

apologise for

*boast about, boast of

*complain to sb of

*deny

*insist on

*suggest

“You committed the crime.”

“Yes, I gave away your secret”.

“I’m sorry I’m late.”

“I’m the best student in my class.”

“I have noisy neighbours.”

“No, I didn’t use your computer.”

“You must finish by Friday.”

“Let’s go out to dinner.”

He accused her of committing (having committed) the crime.

He admitted (to) giving away (having given away) my secret.

He apologised for being late.

He boasted about (boasted of) being the best student in his class.

He complained of having noisy neighbours.

He denied using (having used) my computer.

He insisted on me (my) finishing by Friday.

He suggested going out to dinner.

Дієслова, що потребують після себе

підрядного речення зі сполучником that (Verb + that-clause)

explain

inform sb

exclaim, remark

“I don’t like him because he’s rude.”

“The results will come out tomorrow.”

“What a glorious day!”

She explained that she didn’t like him because he was rude.

He informed us that the results would come out the next day.

He exclaimed (remarked) that it was a glorious day.

Explain to sb + how

“That’s how it works.”

He explained to us how it worked

Notes(примітки):

Дієслова , що в таблиці позначені зірочкою, можуть також утворювати в непрямій мові структури з підрядним реченням, що вводиться сполучником that:

He claimed that he had won a prise.

He promised that he would call.