- •Г. Э. Маркосян,
- •Введение (introduction)
- •Contents
- •From the history of the computer [2]
- •What is a computer? [2]
- •Computers machine [1]
- •Analogue and digital computers [1]
- •The internet [3]
- •Government to rescue it? [1]
- •Modern computer usage for keeping the computer technology history [1]
- •The development of computers in the usa [1]
- •The comparison of the computer development in the usa and the ukrain [1]
- •The homecity of mesm [1]
- •The main fault of the 70-s or the years of “might have been hopes” [1]
- •Protection of information [2]
- •Computer crimes [2]
- •From the history of computer viruses [1]
- •What is a computer virus? [1]
- •Synopsis [1]
- •Computer versus human brain [2]
- •Popular infection methods used by computer viruses [2]
- •The term “computer security” [1]
- •Is your home computer a target? [1]
- •Thinking about your home computer [1]
- •Shadow data (part 1) [1]
- •Shadow data (part 2) [1]
- •How to protect against shadow data security risks [1]
- •Cryptography [1]
- •I. Basic Terminology
- •II. Basic Cryptographic Algorithms
- •Risk assessment [1]
- •Microcomputer and microprocessor [2]
- •Kinds of programs [2]
- •Independent, stored, user, called, the application programs
- •Cobol [4]
- •Technology of automata – based programming introduction [1]
- •Programming languages [2]
- •In order to, from, with, of, for, by, in
- •Memory or storage unit [2]
- •Monitors [2]
- •The mouse [2]
- •Information, machine words, instructions, addresses and reasonable operations [2]
- •From calculi to modern computer [2]
- •Idea, abacus, hand, troublesome, goes back
- •Miniaturization [2]
- •Artificial intelligence [2]
- •News in the computer field [2]
- •Some facts about robots [2]
- •Robotics and robot generations [2]
- •Amd company [4]
- •Dvd technology [4]
- •Dvd video. Dvd discs [4]
- •Pentium I pentium II pentium III [4]
- •Pentium IV [4]
- •Celeron [4]
- •Athlon 64. Opteron [4]
- •Smart stuff [3]
- •Список рекомендуемой литературы
- •Bibliography
- •Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления
- •355028, Г. Ставрополь, пр. Кулакова, 2
What is a computer? [2]
Task 1. Read and translate the text:
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
1. Suppose you sit down with а pencil and paper and center your attention on adding а set of figures. You add first all the digits in the right - hand column, then all the digits in the next column, and so on - until you finally arrive at the answer. When you do this, you are computing.
2. When you stop at а street corner, looking first to the left for any coming car, then to the right, to cross the street or to wait on the sidewalk - you are computing.
3. When you are walking along а poorly marked path in the woods, thinking if you are really on the path or have lost it - you are computing.
4. When you are taking in information or data, performing reasonable operations (mathematical or logical operations) on the data, and are producing one or more answers - you are computing.
5. А machine can also do this. It can take in information or data perform а sequence of reasonable operations оn the information which it has received, and put out answers. When it does this, it is computing.
6. А very simple example of а computer is the ordinary business adding machine which prints on paper tape the number entered into its keyboard, and also prints а total when you press the total key. А complex example of а computer is а modern automatic digital computer which in each second can perform more than 100,000,000 additions, subtractions, multiplications, or divisions.
7. А computing machine can take in and store information because the hardware inside the machine expresses arithmetical and logical relations, such as adding or subtracting, comparing or selecting. А computer can also put out information, display the answers when it receives them. Hardware is useless without software which is computer instructions and programs.
8. The modern computers are of three kinds called analog, digital, and hybrid. An analog computer computers by using physical analogs of numerical measurements. А digital computer computes by using the numbers (digits) and yeses and noes expressed usually in l's and 0’s. A hybrid computer is а machine which combines some of the properties of digital and analog computers.
Task 2. Answer the following questions:
Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. How many operations does а modern computer perform?
2. What kinds of operations does an automatic digital computer perform?
З. What is а computer?
4. What is а very simple example of а computer?
5. Why does а computer take in and store information or data?
6. What kinds of modern computers do you know?
7. How does an analog computer compute?
8. How does а digital computer compute?
9. What is а hybrid computer?
10. What is hardware?
11. What is software?
Task 3.Translate the following words and word — combinations into Russian:
Задание 3. Прочтите следующие слова и словосочетания и переведите их на русский язык:
to centre attention on; to the right; to the left; а set of figures; and so on; а sequence of reasonable operations; to put out answers; to take in information; to store information; such as; to express mathematical and logical relations; hardware is useless without software; by using physical analogs; numerical measurements.
Task 4.Find the English equivalents for the words and word — combinations given below:
Задание 4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
налево; направо; выдавать информацию или данные; последовательность разумных операций; правый столбик; ряд цифр; и так далее; сосредоточивать внимание.
LESSON 3