Разработка_и_анализ_требований_практика
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Электронный учебно-методический комплекс
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
РАЗРАБОТКИ
ПРОГРАММНОГО
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ
Учебная программа дисциплины
Учебное пособие 
Лабораторный практикум
Учебное пособие по курсовому проектированию Методические указания по самостоятельной работе Банк тестовых заданий в системеest UniT
Красноярск ИПК СФУ
2008
ɍȾɄ 004.3 ȻȻɄ 32.973
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ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ» ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ», ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɎȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɋɎɍ ɜ 2007 ɝ.
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɭɤɢ; ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɋɎɍ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ
ə49 |
əɤɭɧɢɧ, ɘ. ɘ. |
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Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɟɪɫɢɹ 1.0 [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- |
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ɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] : |
ɥɚɛ. |
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ / |
ɘ. ɘ. əɤɭɧɢɧ, ɂ. ɋ. ɉɨɱɟɤɭɬɨɜ, |
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ɋ. ȼ. əɤɭɧɢɧɚ. – |
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ. |
ɞɚɧ. (3 Ɇɛ). – |
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ : ɂɉɄ |
ɋɎɍ, 2008. – |
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(Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ : ɍɆɄȾ ʋ |
183-2007 / ɪɭɤ. |
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ɬɜɨɪɱ. ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɘ. ɘ. əɤɭɧɢɧ). – 1 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ. ɨɩɬ. ɞɢɫɤ (DVD). – ɋɢɫɬɟɦ. ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ : Intel Pentium (ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ) 1 ȽȽɰ ; 512 Ɇɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ; 3 Ɇɛ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ; ɩɪɢɜɨɞ DVD ; ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Microsoft Windows 2000 SP 4 / XP SP 2 / Vista (32 ɛɢɬ) ; Adobe Reader 7.0 (ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ pdf). |
(ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ) |
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ISBN 978-5-7638-0975-6 |
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ISBN 978-5-7638-1436-1 |
(ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɚ) |
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ɇɨɦɟɪ ɝɨɫ. ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɎȽɍɉ |
ɇɌɐ «ɂɧɮɨɪɦɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ» 0320802414 |
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ɨɬ 21.11.2008 ɝ. (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ) |
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ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ», ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɚɧɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ», ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ».
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 230100.62 «ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɭɤɪɭɩɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ 230000 «ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ».
© ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 2008
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɎɍ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɵ: Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ƚɟɬɶɦɚɧ, ɇ. ɇ. ȼɨɯɦɚɧ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ: ɐɟɧɬɪ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɋɎɍ; ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɄɪɐɇɂɌ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ. ɇɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ.
ɉɨɞɩ. ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ 01.10.2008 Ɉɛɴɟɦ 3 Ɇɛ
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ: ɋɎɍ, 660041, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, ɩɪ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ, 79
ǼȑșȎȐșȓțȖȓ |
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ǰȐȓȒȓțȖȓ.................................................................... |
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ȀȓȣțȜșȜȑȖȖ ȞȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȖ ȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȚțȩȣ ȟȖȟȠȓȚ ..... |
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ȋȠȎȝȩ ȞȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȖ ȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȚțȜȑȜ ȜȏȓȟȝȓȥȓțȖȭ .... |
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ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 1 ǮțȎșȖȕ ȝȞȜȏșȓȚȩ. |
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ǽȜȟȠȎțȜȐȘȎ ȕȎȒȎȥȖ ................................................ |
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Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
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ɉɪɣɬɛɨɣɠ ɪɫɣɧɠɫɛ................................................................................................... |
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Ɍɩɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɠ ɬɪɣɬɥɛ ɢɛɣɨɭɠɫɠɬɩɝɛɨɨɶɰ ɦɣɱ ..................................................... |
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Ȼɨɥɠɭɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɣɠ ɣɨɭɠɫɝɷɹ............................................................. |
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Ɍɪɣɬɩɥ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɢɛɣɨɭɠɫɠɬɩɝɛɨɨɶɰ ɦɣɱ................................................... |
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ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ ............................................................. |
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Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ........................................................................................... |
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ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 2 ǺȜȒȓșȖȞȜȐȎțȖȓ |
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ȜȏȨȓȘȠȎ ȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȕȎȤȖȖ......................................... |
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Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
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Ƚɝɠɟɠɨɣɠ ɝ ɧɠɭɩɟɩɦɩɞɣɹ ARIS ............................................................................. |
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ɉɪɣɬɛɨɣɠ ɣɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭɛ ARIS. Ɉɛɲɛɦɩ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ.................................................... |
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Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ ɩɫɞɛɨɣɢɛɱɣɩɨɨɩɤ ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ................................................................ |
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ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ....................................................... |
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Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ ɟɣɛɞɫɛɧɧɶ ɱɠɪɩɲɠɥ ɟɩɜɛɝɦɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɛ............................... |
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Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ eEPC ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ...................................................................................... |
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ɉɪɣɬɛɨɣɠ ɩɜɵɠɥɭɩɝ ɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɢɛɱɣɣ..................................................................... |
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ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ ............................................................ |
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Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ........................................................................................... |
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ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 3 ǾȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȎ ȚȜȒȓșȖ ȐȎȞȖȎțȠȜȐ ȖȟȝȜșȪȕȜȐȎțȖȭ Ȗ Ȗȣ ȟȝȓȤȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȗ 35
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
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ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ ...................................................................... |
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Ɍɪɠɱɣɯɣɥɛɱɣɺ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ ......................................................... |
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Ȼɦɷɭɠɫɨɛɭɣɝɨɶɠ ɪɩɭɩɥɣ......................................................................................... |
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ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ...................................................................................................................... |
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Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ........................................................................................... |
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ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 4 ǼȢȜȞȚșȓțȖȓ |
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ȠȓȣțȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜ ȕȎȒȎțȖȭ Ȑ ȟȜȜȠȐȓȠȟȠȐȖȖ |
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ȟ DZǼǿȀ 34.602–89................................................... |
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ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
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Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
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ɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ...................................................................................................... |
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Ɉɛɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɠ ɣ ɱɠɦɣ ɬɩɢɟɛɨɣɺ (ɫɛɢɝɣɭɣɺ) ɬɣɬɭɠɧɶ ............................................ |
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ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɩɜɵɠɥɭɛ ɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɢɛɱɣɣ ............................................................ |
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ɍɫɠɜɩɝɛɨɣɺ ɥ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɠ............................................................................................. |
55 |
Ɍɩɬɭɛɝ ɣ ɬɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɣɠ ɫɛɜɩɭ ɪɩ ɬɩɢɟɛɨɣɹ (ɫɛɢɝɣɭɣɹ) ɬɣɬɭɠɧɶ..................... |
60 |
Ɋɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɺ ɣ ɪɫɣɠɧɥɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɶ ............................................................... |
62 |
Ƀɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ............................................................................................ |
67 |
Ɋɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɩɯɩɫɧɦɠɨɣɺ ɍɂ........................................................................................ |
68 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ...................................................................................................................... |
68 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ........................................................................................... |
68 |
ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 5 ǾȓȎșȖȕȎȤȖȭ ȎȞȣȖȠȓȘȠȡȞȩ țȎ ȏȎȕȓ ȜȏȨȓȘȠțȜ-ȞȓșȭȤȖȜțțȜȑȜ ȜȠȜȏȞȎȔȓțȖȭ ȟ ȠȖȝȖȕȖȞȜȐȎțțȩȚȖ ȜȏȨȓȘȠȎȚȖ . 69
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
69 |
Ɍɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ |
|
ɬɢɩɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ............................................................................................ |
69 |
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ.................................................. |
69 |
Ɍɩɢɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɛ ɝ Borland Developer Studio 2006........................................... |
75 |
ȿɩɜɛɝɦɠɨɣɠ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɩɟɮɦɺ ɝ ɪɫɩɠɥɭ .................................................................. |
76 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ UML............................................ |
76 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ .......................................................... |
78 |
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ .................................................................................. |
84 |
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ...................................................................................... |
89 |
Ɍɩɰɫɛɨɠɨɣɠ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɛ ................................................................................................ |
93 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ...................................................................................................................... |
93 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ........................................................................................... |
93 |
ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 6 ǾȓȎșȖȕȎȤȖȭ ȎȞȣȖȠȓȘȠȡȞȩ țȎ ȏȎȕȓ ȜȏȨȓȘȠțȜ-ȞȓșȭȤȖȜțțȜȑȜ ȜȠȜȏȞȎȔȓțȖȭ ȟ țȓȠȖȝȖȕȖȞȜȐȎțțȩȚȖ ȜȏȨȓȘȠȎȚȖ95
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ......................................................................... |
95 |
Ɍɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ |
|
ɧɟɬɢɩɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ........................................................................................ |
95 |
ɓɛɜɦɩɨɶ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ..................................................................................... |
96 |
ɒɚɛɥɨɧ Information Expert (ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬ................................. |
97 |
ɒɚɛɥɨɧ Low Coupling (ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ................................................... |
99 |
ɒɚɛɥɨɧ High Cohesion (ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ.............................................. |
101 |
ɒɚɛɥɨɧ Controller (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ..................................................................... |
102 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ .......................................................... |
108 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ......................................................................................... |
109 |
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-4- |
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
|
ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 7 ǾȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȎ ȝȞȜȟȠȜȑȜ |
|
mda-ȝȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ ................................................... |
110 |
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ....................................................................... |
110 |
Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ MDA................................................... |
110 |
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ECO............................................................................................. |
111 |
əɡɵɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ OCL............................................................... |
113 |
MDI-ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ............................................................................................. |
114 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ MDA-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ .......................................................... |
114 |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ................................................... |
114 |
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Borland Developer Studio 2006 ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ MDA- |
|
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ....................................................................................................................... |
115 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ UML .................................................................................. |
117 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ȻȾ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ECO ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ .................................................. |
119 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ................................................................................... |
123 |
ɋɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ............................................................ |
126 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɧɚ OCL ............................................................................... |
129 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ .......................................................... |
132 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ......................................................................................... |
133 |
ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 8 ǾȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȎ mda- |
|
ȝȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ ȟ ȖȟȝȜșȪȕȜȐȎțȖȓȚ ȚȎȦȖț |
|
ȟȜȟȠȜȭțȖȗ .............................................................. |
134 |
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ....................................................................... |
134 |
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɵ ........................................................................................................ |
134 |
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ....................................................................................................... |
135 |
ɉɨɞɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɵ .................................................................................................. |
135 |
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ................................................................................... |
135 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ MDA-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ............ |
137 |
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ UML ........................................................................... |
137 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ....................................................................... |
138 |
Ɉɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ............................................................................. |
141 |
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ........................................... |
142 |
ɋɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ............................................................ |
143 |
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɮɨɪɦ.................................................................................. |
144 |
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ............................................. |
146 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ .......................................................... |
148 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ......................................................................................... |
148 |
ǹȎȏȜȞȎȠȜȞțȎȭ ȞȎȏȜȠȎ Ɋ 9 ǾȎȟȦȖȞȓțțȩȓ |
|
ȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȖ ȞȎȕȞȎȏȜȠȘȖ mda-ȝȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȗ...... |
149 |
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ....................................................................... |
149 |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ MDA-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ................. |
149 |
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ UML ........................................................................... |
149 |
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-5- |
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
|
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ .............................................................. |
150 |
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ .................................................................. |
155 |
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ....................................................... |
157 |
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ............................................................................... |
160 |
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ .............................................................................................. |
163 |
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ .......................................................... |
166 |
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ ......................................................................................... |
166 |
ǵȎȘșȬȥȓțȖȓ........................................................... |
167 |
ǯȖȏșȖȜȑȞȎȢȖȥȓȟȘȖȗ ȟȝȖȟȜȘ............................... |
168 |
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-6- |
ǰǰdzDzdzǻǶdz
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɢ. ɋ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ (CASE).
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫ- ɩɟ-ɱɟɧɢɟ (ɉɈ), ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ RUP (Rational Unified Process) ɤɨɦ-
ɩɚɧɢɢ IBM Rational ɢ MSF (Microsoft Solutions Framework) ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Microsoft.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ», ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɛɵɥ ɜɡɹɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. ȼ.1).
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ 
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɢɫ. ȼ.1. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɉɈ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-7- |
ȀdzȃǻǼǹǼDZǶǶ ǾǮǵǾǮǯǼȀǸǶ ǽǾǼDZǾǮǺǺǻȉȃ ǿǶǿȀdzǺ
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ:
1)ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨ-
ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ (MS Framework dotNET, J2EE ɢ ɞɪ.), ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹ (IBM Lotus, 1C ɢ ɞɪ.);
2)ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚ-
ɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ; ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (CAE, CAD, CAM ɢ ɞɪ.); ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ; ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ.;
3) ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɉɈ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ.
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ (ɀɐ): ɛɭɞɶ ɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɀɐ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɀɐ, ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɀɐ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɢɬɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɀɐ.
ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ʋ 1–4) ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɚ ɷɬɚɩɚ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɚ (ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ʋ 5–9) ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 34.602–89. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-8- |
ȋȀǮǽȉ ǾǮǵǾǮǯǼȀǸǶ ǽǾǼDZǾǮǺǺǻǼDZǼ ǼǯdzǿǽdzȅdzǻǶȍ
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɉɈ. ɀɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ ɉɈ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɉɈ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ-ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɜɲɟɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɉɈ, ɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɈ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ (ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ ɂɋɈ/ɆɗɄ 12207–99).
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɈ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-9- |
ǹǮǯǼǾǮȀǼǾǻǮȍ ǾǮǯǼȀǮ Ɋ 1 ǮǻǮǹǶǵ ǽǾǼǯǹdzǺȉ. ǽǼǿȀǮǻǼǰǸǮ ǵǮDzǮȅǶ
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ:
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ; ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ;
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ.
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ
ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɈ. ɐɟɥɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ:
1) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;
2) ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ;
3) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɉɈ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
1)ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ;
2)ɚɧɤɟɬɵ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ;
3)ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɫ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ;
4)ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ. ȼɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ, ɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜ-
ɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
1)ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ;
2)ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɉɈ;
3)ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
4)ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɣɬɛɨɣɠ ɪɫɣɧɠɫɛ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ Ȼɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɊɎ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ (ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜ). ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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