Разработка_и_анализ_требований_практика
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 2
Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ eEPC ɧɩɟɠɦɣ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
Ⱥɂɋ |
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ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɚ |
ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
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ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ |
ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬɚ |
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ |
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ |
Ȼɥɚɧɤ |
ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
ɜɵɞɚɧɵ |
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ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ |
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ |
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ɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ |
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ɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ |
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ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ |
ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɸ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɸ |
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ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ |
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ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
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ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
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ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ |
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ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ |
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ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ |
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ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
ɋɞɚɱɚ |
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ |
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ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ |
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ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ |
ɜ ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬ |
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Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɫɞɚɱɟ |
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Ⱥɂɋ |
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ |
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(ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ) |
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ |
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ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ |
ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ |
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ɫɞɚɧɵ |
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ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ |
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ɜ ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬ |
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ɋɞɚɱɚ |
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ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
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Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɫɞɚɱɟ |
ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ |
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ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ |
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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(ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ) |
ɜ ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬ |
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ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬɚ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ |
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ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ |
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Ⱥɂɋ |
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ |
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ |
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ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ |
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ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 2.11. Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 2
Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ eEPC ɧɩɟɠɦɣ
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɋɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ. (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.3).
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɟEPC ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ:
1)ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ (ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ) ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ (ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ);
2)ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ;
3)ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɡɚ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-
ɧɢɟ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.9 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɟEPC.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.10, ɪɢɫ. 2.11, ɪɢɫ. 2.12. ɗɬɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ (ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.8.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ
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Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ |
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ |
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ɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ |
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Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ |
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɞ |
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ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ |
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ (ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ |
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ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ |
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ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ |
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ɋɨɛɵɬɢɟ |
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɉ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ- |
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ɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ Ȼɉ. |
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ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ |
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ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɥɢɹ- |
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ɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɨɤ Ȼɉ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɠ- |
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ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ |
ɞɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ȼɉ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ |
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ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ |
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ |
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ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ |
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ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ |
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ |
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Ȼɉ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟ- |
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ |
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ɥɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ȼɉ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ |
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ɇɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ |
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- |
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ɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɜ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ |
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ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ȻȾ |
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Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ |
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-32- |
ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 2
Ɋɩɬɭɫɩɠɨɣɠ eEPC ɧɩɟɠɦɣ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɧ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜ Ⱥɂɋ
Ⱥɂɋ 
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ
Ɋɢɫ. 2.12. Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɪɣɬɛɨɣɠ ɩɜɵɠɥɭɩɝ ɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɢɛɱɣɣ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɈ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɉɈ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ȽɈɋɌ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɌɁ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ARIS), ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɸɚɧɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ
1.ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ARISToolset.
2.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
3.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (VAD).
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 2
ɂɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺ ɫɛɜɩɭɶ
4. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ VAD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ eEPC.
Ʌɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɨɶɠ ɝɩɪɫɩɬɶ
1.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ?
2.Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ARIS.
3.Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ARISToolset.
4.Ʉɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ?
5.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚ-
ɝɪɚɦɦɟ?
6.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ VAD?
7.Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ARIS?
8.ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ eEPC?
9.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɜ eEPC?
10.Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ARIS ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ?
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-34- |
ǹǮǯǼǾǮȀǼǾǻǮȍ ǾǮǯǼȀǮ Ɋ 3 ǾǮǵǾǮǯǼȀǸǮ ǺǼDzdzǹǶ ǰǮǾǶǮǻȀǼǰ ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶȍ Ƕ Ƕȃ ǿǽdzȄǶȂǶǸǮȄǶǷ
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ: ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ
ɐɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɉɈ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ȽɈɋɌ 34.602–89, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɌɁ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɪ IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 830: Standard for Software Requirements Specification (1994).
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɉɈ (ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ) ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ (ɪɢɫ. 3.1), ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨ- Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ (ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ)
Ɋɢɫ. 3.1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-35- |
ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 3 ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɈȼ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɂɏ ɋɉȿɐɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɃ
Ʌɫɛɭɥɣɠ ɭɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ «ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ» ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ – ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɇɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ.
ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɛɪɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɛ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜɟɪɟɧ: ɨɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɤ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɬɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɇɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɈ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɨɜ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɬɨ-
ɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɉɈ: ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɈ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ «ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ».
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɤɬɚɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 3.2). ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱥɤɬɚɧɬɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ).
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-36- |
ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 3 ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɈȼ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɂɏ ɋɉȿɐɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɃ
ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ UML ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ (ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɪɢɫ. 3.2).
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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(3) |
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ǨȒȚȈȕȚȺɤɬɚɧɬɚ |
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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(ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬ) |
(4) |
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(ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ) |
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(ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ) |
(1) |
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
(2) |
(5) |
ǸȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȍ (ȖȉȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ)
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɳɟɧɢɟ)
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.2. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ |
ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ |
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ, ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ |
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ɨɬɱɺɬ |
ɧɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɍɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.3. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
-37- |
ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 3 ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɈȼ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɂɏ ɋɉȿɐɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɃ
ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.3.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɧɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɲɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ, ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ, 
ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧɚɬ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.4. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 3 ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɈȼ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɂɏ ɋɉȿɐɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɃ
ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ
ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ |
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ |
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ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ |
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ȼɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ |
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ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ |
ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.5. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ»
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧɚɬ
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ |
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 3.6. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ»
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 3 ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌɈȼ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɂɏ ɋɉȿɐɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɃ
ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɩɝ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ, ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ, ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ
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ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ |
Ⱦɟɤɚɧɚɬ |
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ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ |
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Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.7. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ, ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ, ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ»
Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ 
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧɚɬ
ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɟ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ |
Ɉɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɢ |
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ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɫɚɣɬɟ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 3.8. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ»
ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞɣɣ ɫɛɢɫɛɜɩɭɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɬɪɠɲɠɨɣɺ. Ɇɛɜ. ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɮɧ |
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