Lesson 1
Ex. 1. Read and translate the following words without a dictionary:
Function Scandium
Position Gallium
Classification Germanium
Publication Actinium
Vacant Mendelevium
Ex. 2. Give adjectives corresponding to the following nouns: importance, scientist, significance atom, periodicity, similarity, chemistry, physics.
Ex. 3. Check up if you remember the following words: subsequent, substantially, although, certainly, possible, significant, hense, therefore, thus.
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences. Rememeber the meaning of the following words:
Account - отчет, объяснение
Account for - объяснять
On this account - в связи с этим
In spite of... - несмотря на ...
In terms of... - на основании, исходя из ..., с точки зрения
Order - порядок
In order to ... - для того, чтобы
In spite of the high boiling point mercury does show a small vapour presence at an ordinary temperature.
We can explain reduction in terms of atomic structure.
In spite of the importance of this element we forgot to mention it.
This article gives an account of the structure of the Periodical Table.
The material system may be described in terms of the phases constituting it.
White phosphorus is very poisonous; on this account care should be taken when working with it.
Liquid ammonia is a good solvent for ionic compound, in spite of the fact that its dielectric constant is very much smaller than that of water.
Mendeleyev changed the order of atomic weights where necessary in order to maintain the group similarity.
"Classical physics" fully accounted for everything from the motion of planets
to the Brown movement, in general, it accounted for all natural phenomena.
In order to write this article he made a great deal of experiments.
Ex. 5. Remember the construction "it is (was)... that (who, which) - именно. Translate the sentences.
It was Mendeleyev who arranged the elements into Periodic Table.
It was in March of 1869 that Mendeleyev published his first account of the periodic system.
It is the law of conservation of mass which makes it possible to write chemi cal equations.
It was in his publication of 1871 that Mendeleyev used the periodic character of elements.
It was Russian scientist Popov who opened a new era in communications.
Ex. 6. Refresh your grammar. Rememeber Infinitive.
The elements to be described; the properties to be observed; the order to be changed; atomic weights to be determined; elements to be discovered; the method to be employed.
Ex. 7. Read and translate the text.
THE PERIODIC LAW
In spite of the importance of the earlier contributions, the major portion of credit for the development of the periodic system must go to the Russian scientist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev. The realization that the properties of the elements can be represented as periodic functions of their atomic weights made possible classification that has suffered few significant changes in the subsequent years.
It was in March of 1869 that D.l. Mendeleyev published his first account of the periodic system, in which he set forth the arrangement of the elements in terms of their increasing atomic weights. It was Mendeleyev who at the first time fully appreciated the significance of this periodicity. In his first paper D.l. Mendeleyev accounted for the similarities of a number of properties of certain elements and changed the order of atomic weights where necessary in order to maintain this group similarity.
Of considerable interest and importance is the fact that Mendeleyev left vacant positions in his proposed table for yet undiscovered elements and expressed the opinion that the chemical and physical properties of the elements to be discovered might be predicted from their positions in the table. In the summer of 1871 Mendeleyev published a more comprehensive scientific article about the Periodic Law as he called it.
At this time he presented the more familiar form of the Periodic Table and although it differs somewhat from the one that we use today, it is substantially the same. It was in his publication of 1971 that D.I. Mendeleyev utilized the periodic character to predict the properties of the elements to be described later as those of scandium, gallium and germanium, The remarkable agreement of the properties of these elements as described by Mendeleyev and those to be observed later is certainly a complete justification of Mendeleyev's faith in his periodic law. In December 1945 Glen Seaberg made his first publication of a periodic table which depicted a new actinide series beginning with actinium. On this account he said that American scientists were proud and happy to honour the name of D.I. Mendeleyev by calling element 101 "mendelevium".
Ex. 8. Give Russian equivalents to the following words: properties, weight, table, account, in terms of, significance, substantially, predict, law, series, in spite of..., in order to..., certainly.
Ex. 9. Say whether these statements are true or false. Begin your statements with expressions:
You are right. You are not right.
Just so. You are wrong.
I'm of the same opinion. It's not correct.
The development of periodic system must go to the American scientist Glen Seaberg.
In 1869 Mendeleyev published his first account of the periodic system.
Mendeleyev left vacant positions in the end of the table for undiscovered elements.
The chemical and physical properties of the elements cannot be predicted from their position in the table.
American scientists called element 101 as "mendelevium".
Answer the following questions:
Who contributed greatly to the development of the periodic system?
What did Mendeleyev realize?
When did Mendeleyev publish his first account of the periodic system?
What did he set forth in his account?
What did he point out?
Why did he leave the vacant positions?
How many elements did Mendeleyev predict the properties of?
Why did American scientists call element 101 "mendelevium"?
Ex. 11. Give titles to each passage of the text.
Ex. 12. Retell the text according to this plan.