50 Facts about the duke of edinburgh

Task 6. Match up the words from the following text (the left column) and their definitions:

1. midshipman a) Great bravery, especially in war

2. HMS b) nearness

3. Valour c) a ceremonial flag

4. to anoint d) husband of a ruler

5. RAF e) concerning ships or the sea

6. a prolific writer f) to put oil on a Royal person in a religious ceremony

7. equestrian g) Her Majesty’s Ship

8. proximity h) the rank of someone training to became a Navy officer

9. Consort I) One who produces many books

10. Maritime j) Honourary Head of a University

11. Chancellor k) liquefied petroleum gas

12. Royal Mint l) connected with horse riding

13. Silver Wink m) a group of 24 knights, the highest level of Knighthood

14. Tiddlywinks n) a reward in Tiddlywink

15. LGP o) a group of 16 Scottish knights, a high level of Knighthood

16. Order of the Garter p) Royal Air Force

17. Order of the Thistle r) a British government department producing coins and

18. Standard paper money.

q) a game, in which the players make small round pieces

of plastic jump into a cup by pressing their edges with a

piece of plastic.

1. The Duke of Edinburgh was born at the villa 'Mon Repos', the summer retreat of the Greek royal family, on the island of Corfu, on 10th June 1921.

2. The Duke is the youngest child and only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice (of Battenberg). His grandfather was a Prince of Denmark who became King of Greece. The Duke is also related to Kings of Prussia and Emperors of Russia. The Duke renounced his Greek royal title in 1947 and became a naturalized British subject following his service in the Royal Navy.

3. The Duke of Edinburgh and The Queen are both great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria. The Duke is a direct descendant of Princess Alice, the third child of Queen Victoria. The Queen is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria's eldest son, Prince Albert Edward (later King Edward VII).

4. The Duke was on active service in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War. The Duke's first naval appointment, aged 18, was as a midshipman to HMS RAMILLIES, which escorted the first contingents of the Allied Expeditionary Force from Australia to Egypt.

5. The Duke of Edinburgh was mentioned in dispatches for his service in the Second World War. His Royal Highness joined HMS VALIANT in the Mediterranean Fleet and was involved in engagements including, on 21 March 1941, the battle of Matapan (in Greek waters) against the Italian fleet. For his work in control of the searchlights Prince Philip was mentioned in despatches. He was later awarded the Greek War Cross of Valour.

6. Towards the end of the Second World War Prince Philip served in the destroyer HMS WHELP in the Pacific, and was present in Tokyo Bay for the Japanese surrender on 2nd September 1945.

7. From July 1951 The Duke of Edinburgh took up no more active naval appointments owing to Princess Elizabeth's increased Royal responsibilities. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 15th January 1953. His other British service appointments are Field Marshal of the Army and Marshal of the Royal Air Force. His Royal Highness holds 42 Service appointments in total, including Commonwealth Services, and he has presented 49 Colours.

8. As well as the title Duke of Edinburgh His Royal Highness has the titles Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich. All three titles were conferred by King George VI in 1947. The Queen created her husband a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957.

9. As husband of the Sovereign, The Duke of Edinburgh was not crowned or anointed at the Coronation ceremony in 1953.

10. The Duke learned to fly all types of aircraft. He gained his RAF wings in 1953, his helicopter wings in 1956 and his private pilot's licence in 1959. Prince Philip achieved 5,986 hours in 59 types of aircraft. The Duke's final flight was on 11 August 1997 from Carlisle to Islay, following which His Royal Highness has stopped flying.

11. The Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme and International Award were founded by the Duke to introduce young people to new experiences, including physical, skills-based and community challenges. Since 1956 more than four million young people from over 90 countries have taken part.

12. The Duke of Edinburgh is a prolific writer on environmental, technological, equestrian and animal subjects. His books include: Selected Speeches 1948-1955 (1957); Birds from Britannia (1962); Down to Earth (1988); and Survival or Extinction: A Christian Attitude to the Environment (1989). Down to Earth is even available in Japanese.

13. Prince Philip has accompanied The Queen on all 251 of her official overseas visits. The first of these was the Coronation tour of the Commonwealth from November 1953 to May 1954, when they visited countries in the Caribbean, Australasia, Ceylon, Africa and Europe, travelling a distance of 43,618 miles.

14. The Duke of Edinburgh undertakes many Royal duties. To date His Royal Highness has fulfilled over 18,567 official engagements excluding those accompanying The Queen, an average of 371 each year. In 2001 he undertook 363 solo engagements in the UK and abroad.

15. Although he is a Privy Counsellor, the Duke has no other constitutional role. Until 1999, Prince Philip was a member of the House of Lords but never spoke there owing to his proximity to The Queen, who remains politically neutral.

16. The Duke of Edinburgh takes a hands-on approach to the organizations, which he represents. He has chaired over 1,454 meetings.

17. Science and technology are a major interest. Prince Philip has been Patron of the Industrial Society since 1952 and has visited research stations, laboratories, and every kind of workplace throughout Britain. In 1976 he initiated the Fellowship of Engineering, now the Royal Academy of Engineering, which promotes engineering excellence and education.

18. The Duke of Edinburgh is only the fifth consort to a reigning queen in British history. Of his predecessors, Philip II of Spain was husband to Mary I. William III was co-Sovereign with Mary II, although she, as daughter of James II, was nearer to the throne. The husband of Queen Anne was not given the title of King, but remained Prince George of Denmark. Prince Albert was created Prince Consort by Queen Victoria in 1857.

19. Care of the environment has long been one of The Duke of Edinburgh's greatest interests. The Duke was the first President of the World Wildlife Fund-UK from its foundation in 1961 to 1982, was International President of WWF (now World Wide Fund for Nature) from 1981 to 1996, and is now President Emeritus. He has visited WWF projects in over 40 countries on five continents.

20. The Duke of Edinburgh's official livery colour is dark green, known as 'Edinburgh Green'. It has been used for staff liveries - the Duke of Edinburgh's page at the Coronation wore dark green and silver - and private cars.

21. Naval history is a keen interest. His Royal Highness was appointed a Trustee of the National Maritime Museum in 1948. He was instrumental in saving the tea clipper Cutty Sark - now a museum ship stationed in Greenwich - and in establishing the Maritime Trust.

22. The Duke of Edinburgh played a key role in the restoration of Windsor Castle after the great fire of 1992. He served as Chairman of the general Restoration Committee, one of the two committees supervising the rebuilding of the damaged rooms.

23. The Duke of Edinburgh was the first member of the Royal Family to be interviewed on television, in May 1961. The Duke has also presented television programmes, including in May 1957 a programme on the BBC about his four and a half month tour of the Commonwealth.

24. Prince Philip has taken an interest in the ordinary, unsung aspects of life, including bricks and mortar. Prince Philip served as President of the National Federation of Housing Associations in 1975-1980, and chaired the Inquiry into British Housing, which published two reports - in 1985 and 1991. The Duke of Edinburgh was chairman of the Westminster Abbey Restoration Committee from 1973 to 1997, responsible for the cleaning of the Abbey's exterior and the renovation of the building's interior.

25. The Duke has travelled widely without The Queen during his naval and public working lives. He has made two round-the-world voyages in the Royal Yacht BRITANNIA, visiting some of the remotest parts of the Commonwealth as The Queen's representative, travelling some 72,430 miles by BRITANNIA. The four-month voyage of 1956-57 included visits to the remote South Atlantic locations of the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, Tristan da Cunha, Ascension Island and St. Helena.

26. The Duke is the founder of the Commonwealth Study Conferences. Held every six years since 1956, the conferences examine the human aspects of industrial issues in Commonwealth nations with the aim of developing industrial and business leaders of high quality.

27. The Duke of Edinburgh is Colonel of the Grenadier Guards. At Trooping the Colour he has always accompanied The Queen on horseback and wears the uniform of Colonel of the Grenadier Guards.

28. His Royal Highness lived for seven years in France as a boy, and still speaks the language well.

29. The Duke of Edinburgh has served as Chancellor of the Universities of Cambridge (1976-), Edinburgh (1952-), Salford (1967-91) and Wales (1948-76). He is also a Life Governor of King's College, London.

30. In 1963 The Duke of Edinburgh founded a bag-piping trophy for the Pakistan Army. He offered to present the challenge cup after witnessing a display of massed bands of the Pakistan Army while visiting the country with The Queen in 1961.

31. The Duke of Edinburgh is a veteran public speaker. His Royal Highness has made 4,632 speeches at meetings, conferences and receptions - an average of around eight speeches a month for 50 years.

32. The Duke has a particular interest in the use of the English language to promote communication among different countries. Since 1952 he has been President of the English Speaking Union, a society which organises scholarships, exchanges and public speaking events around the world.

33. The Prince Philip Designer's Prize has been awarded to the Designer of the Year since 1959. The award is made to a British designer or design-team leader whose exemplary work has had an effect on the perception of design by the public, and on the status of designers in society.

34. Prince Philip has played an enthusiastic role in The Queen's Awards for Export & Technology from its beginnings in 1965. He was Chairman of the Originating Committee for The Queen's Award for Industry, as it was then known. The award recognizes significant contributions to British industry and technological development.

35. The Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace, the London showcase for exhibitions of art from the Royal Collection, was built at the suggestion of The Duke of Edinburgh. The gallery was converted from the bomb-damaged Private Chapel and opened to the public in July 1962. It is currently being refurbished ready for reopening in May 2002.

36. In 1958 The Duke of Edinburgh commissioned celebrated British composer Benjamin Britten to produce a setting for the Jubilate and Te Deum for the St. George's Chapel Choir, Windsor. The modern settings were a new departure for the previously traditional choral music used at the Chapel.

37. The Duke of Edinburgh is Patron or President of 814 organizations. The longest-standing association is with the Federation of London Youth Clubs, of which His Royal Highness became Patron in 1947. He has been President of the National Playing Fields Association since 1948.

38. Together with Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan and Sir Evelyn Rothschild, The Duke of Edinburgh some years ago instituted the Inter-Faith Dialogue between the Christian, Muslim and Jewish faiths. This group continues to meet regularly to discuss matters of common interest.

39. The Duke of Edinburgh has undertaken 223 solo visits to 67 Commonwealth countries, and 385 visits to 74 other countries; an average of 12 countries per year, over the last 50 years.

40. From 1952 to 1999 The Duke of Edinburgh served as President of the Royal Mint Advisory Committee on the design of coins, seals and medals.

41. As President of International Equestrian Federation from 1964 to 1986 Prince Philip was involved in defining the rules and regulations for several equestrian sports. Under the guidance of The Duke, International Rules were created for Carriage Driving, Long Distance Riding and Vaulting, and Veterinary Committee and Veterinary Regulations were introduced.

42. The Duke helped to design the interior of HM Yacht BRITANNIA, formerly the floating Royal residence for many UK, Commonwealth and overseas tours.

43. 75 prizes and medals are associated with The Duke of Edinburgh. The most unusual is the Silver Wink award. Students at the University of Cambridge challenged Prince Philip to a tiddlywinks match in 1958. The Duke of Edinburgh appointed the Goons as his Royal champions. The Silver Wink has been awarded by the Duke since 1961 to the winner of the University Tiddlywinks Championships.

44. The Duke uses an LPG-powered taxi cab around London to attend engagements, often unrecognized.

45. The Duke has a strong interest in the welfare of ex-Service men and women. Since 1974, he has been Grand President of the British Commonwealth Ex-Services League, which provides practical welfare assistance for ex-servicemen and women of the Crown. The Duke has nominated the charity for donations made by members of the public to mark the Jubilee.

46. The Duke has been President of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) since 1952. The organization promotes discussion followed by practical projects or awards within the areas of design, arts, education, environment and business.

47. The Duke of Edinburgh has his own personal Standard. The first three quarters show Prince Philip's lineage: Denmark (lions and hearts); Greece (white cross on blue); Mountbatten (2 black 'pales' on white). The fourth quarter contains the arms of the City of Edinburgh and represents his title.

48. Prince Philip is a Freeman of the cities of Acapulco; Belfast; Bridgetown, Barbados; Cardiff; Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Edinburgh; Glasgow; Guadalajara; London; Los Angeles; Melbourne; Nairobi.

49. The Duke of Edinburgh is a Knight of the Order of the Garter and a Knight of the Order of the Thistle. His Royal Highness is also Grand Master and First or Principal Knight of the Order of the British Empire, founded in the twentieth century to reward the work and service of members of the general public.

50. The islanders of Tanna, one of the islands in Vanuatu in the South West Pacific, worship the Duke of Edinburgh as a god. Vanuatu was formerly the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides, which Prince Philip visited in 1971.

Task 7. Re-read the information about the Queen and her husband to find support for your ideas about the mission of monarchy in Britain. Discuss with a partner what could be arguments for and against monarchy.

50 FACTS ABOUT THE QUEEN'S GOLDEN JUBILEE YEAR – 2002

Task 8. Explain the following statements in the following text:

11 (circumnavigated the world); 16 (baton); 21 (hosted); 31 (soaps); 50 (hampers).

Task 9. Classify the facts about the Golden Jubilee: into three groups: 1. Trips and visits. 2. Meeting people. 3. Forms of celebration.

As well as a celebration of Her Majesty's 50 years on the throne, the Golden Jubilee was an opportunity for The Queen to express her thanks to people, both personally and officially, for their support and loyalty over her reign. The 50 facts listed below demonstrate the diversity and intensity of the Jubilee programme, the highlight of which was the Central Weekend in June.

1. Queen Victoria was the last monarch to celebrate a Golden Jubilee. Queen Elizabeth II, aged 76, is the oldest monarch to celebrate a Golden Jubilee. The youngest was James I (James VI of Scotland) at 51 years old. 2. The Queen visited 70 cities and towns in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in 50 counties over 38 days from May to August in the Jubilee year. 3. The Queen has travelled over 30,000 miles by air around the UK and the world including Jamaica, New Zealand and Australia during the Jubilee. The Queen's trip to Canada in October will add a further 10,000 miles. 4. People all over the world held street parties, garden parties and other events to celebrate the Golden Jubilee. Perhaps the 'coolest' party was in the Antarctic, where 20 scientists of the British Antarctic Survey held a party at a temperature of minus 20. Celebrations included an outdoor feast and a ration of champagne, plus a game of cricket on the sea ice, skiing and sledging. More than 40,000 “toolkits” were distributed to people organizing street parties. 5. Twenty-seven aircraft flew over Buckingham Palace for the finale of the Jubilee Weekend celebrations. The flypast was led by an RAF C17 Globemaster and ended with Concorde and the Red Arrows trailing red, white and blue.

6. The gardens of Buckingham Palace were used for public concerts for the first time ever during the Golden Jubilee Central Weekend.

7. The Queen is the first member of the Royal Family to be awarded a gold disc from the recording industry. 100,000 copies of the CD of the 'Party at the Palace', produced by EMI, were sold within the first week of release. 8. The “Party at the Palace” pop concert was one of the most watched pop concerts in history, attracting around 200 million viewers all over the world. 9. Around 28,000 picnic hampers (special coolbags) were given free to guests, artistes and workers during the two concerts in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. They were packed with goodies including champagne, smoked salmon wrap, “Jubilee Chicken” and strawberries and cream. 10. The Queen's Golden Jubilee Award for voluntary service groups was launched during 2002 to honour 'unsung heroes'. It will become an annual award. 11. The Queen circumnavigated the globe during the Golden Jubilee, starting the Jubilee with visits to Jamaica, New Zealand and Australia. The 2002 tour was the sixth time in her reign that Her Majesty has travelled around the world on a single tour. 12. The Queen has travelled on or been aboard the following methods of transport during the Jubilee: a 777 airplane, 727 airplane, Falcon airplane, 146 airplane, helicopter, Skyrail, golden bus, metro, Royal train, steam train, aircraft carrier (HMS Ark Royal), a minesweeper (HMS Bangor), Royal barge, lifeboat, Gold State Coach, horse drawn carriage, Rolls Royce, State Land Rover, Jaguar and new Bentley. 13. The Queen visited the railway station with the longest name in the world - Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch - in North Wales. 14. During the Jubilee tour, the Royal Train has covered 3,500 miles across England, Scotland and Wales - from as far south as Falmouth in Cornwall and as far North as Wick in Caithness. 15. The first ever parade of all Her Majesty's bodyguards was held during the Golden Jubilee. It was the first time in their centuries-old history that they had gone on parade together. The 300-strong Parade included detachments from the Gentlemen at Arms (created by King Henry VIII in 1509), the Yeoman of the Guard (created by King Henry VII in 1485) and the Yeoman Warders (one of the oldest corps in the world dating back probably to the eleventh century and based at the Tower of London). 16. The Queen's Golden Jubilee baton has travelled through 23 Commonwealth countries spanning five continents and spent 50 days on visits in the UK covering over 5000 miles. There were 5000 runners in the UK alone. 17. The first Royal poetry competition was launched by the Poet Laureate, Andrew Motion, during the Golden Jubilee. Almost 4,000 entries were received and The Queen presented medals to nine young winners aged between seven and 18. 18. The Queen's Gallery, the most significant addition to Buckingham Palace in 150 years, opened in May 2002 for the Golden Jubilee. The Jubilee Garden at Windsor Castle, the first public garden to be created at the Castle since the 1820s, was opened in June 2002. 19. The Royal Collection's special touring Golden Jubilee exhibition has attracted record audiences throughout the country. “Ten Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci from the Royal Collection: A Golden Jubilee Celebration” opened in February at the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight (near Chester). The gallery experienced a 465% increase in visitor numbers over the exhibition's two-month run. At the next location, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery in Swansea, attendances of 30,000 almost matched the gallery's average annual total. 20. There were 28 million hits on the Golden Jubilee website over a six-month period. During the Jubilee, The Queen sent two general circulation emails - one from Norwich to all schools in Norfolk, and one from Wells to schools around the world. The Queen received over 30,000 congratulatory e-mails. She sent a downloadable Jubilee message on the British Monarchy web site. She also talked to schoolchildren on a video link to the Australian outback. 21. The Queen hosted a special dinner for all reigning European Sovereigns during the Jubilee. The Queen also attended a dinner with her five surviving UK prime ministers and gave a dinner for Governors-General of the Commonwealth countries of which she is Queen.

22. The Queen has taken part in around fifty-five “meet the people “ walkabouts during the Jubilee tours from February to August. The first Royal “walkabout” was introduced on a visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1970.

23. Jubilee year saw a number of new dishes invented to mark the anniversary. “Jubilee Chicken” was created by the Royal Chef for guests at the two Queen's Concerts, with the recipe published for people to make at home. 24. Events over the Golden Jubilee Weekend required around 10 Mega Watts of power, roughly twice the amount needed to power Canary Wharf. 25. Five hundred miles of cabling were laid in London so that the events of Golden Jubilee Weekend could be broadcast to countries all around the globe. There were also over 50 studios and edit booths. 26. Three thousand, five hundred and twenty-one media from over 60 countries were accredited to cover the Golden Jubilee Central Weekend from London. 27. The spectacular fireworks display, which took place from the roof of Buckingham Palace and in Green Park over the Jubilee Weekend required 2.5 tons of fireworks, with some rising as high as 800 ft into the night sky. The light and sound display also involved 50 searchlights on the Palace, and fountains of water over nine metres high and a sound track. 28. A chain of 2006 beacons was lit across the world on Monday 3 June, including the length and breadth of the UK, the Channel Islands, the Commonwealth, and the world. The furthest north was 300 miles from the North Pole in the Arctic, the furthest south in Antarctica, 1000 miles from the South Pole and 8000 miles away from Buckingham Palace. It was the largest ever chain of beacons to be lit. The Queen lit the National Beacon in the Mall on Monday evening, a structure five metres tall in front of the Queen Victoria Memorial. It produced a flame nine metres tall, and burned a tonne of liquid petroleum gas during the time it was lit. 29. The spectacular Jubilee parade down the Mall on the afternoon of the 4th June involved 20,000 people, including a 5,000-strong gospel choir, 2,500 participants from the Notting Hill Carnival, and 4,000 people representing Commonwealth countries. A million people gathered in The Mall to watch the Jubilee festivities on June 3rd and 4th. 30. During the Jubilee programme, The Queen has met a diverse range of personalities, including Helen Sharman, the first Briton in space; Sven Goran Eriksson and Sol Campbell; rock group Def Leppard and heavy metal musician Ozzy Osbourne; Olympian Sir Steve Redgrave and Dame Edna Everage. 31. The Queen visited the set of the TV soap “Emmerdale” during the Jubilee. Many soaps also ran Jubilee story lines, including Coronation Street, Eastenders, Brookside and The Archers. 32. The Queen made visits to all four main faith communities (Sikh, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu) during the Jubilee. The Queen visited a mosque in Scunthorpe, a Hindu temple in North London, a Sikh temple in Leicester and a Jewish Museum in Manchester. A Multi-Faith Reception at Buckingham Palace was attended by more than 700 representatives of different faiths. The leader of the Roman Catholic Church, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor preached at Sandringham for the first time and the Sunday service during the Jubilee Central Weekend was an ecumenical service. 33. The Queen invited around 48,000 people to six Garden Parties during the Golden Jubilee. The three Buckingham Palace Garden Parties had special themes - Accession Day Babies, Young People born since the Silver Jubilee, and charities of which The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh are patron. 34. Six hundred and eighty-eight people born on Accession Day (6th February, 1952) attended the first themed Garden Party at Buckingham Palace on 9th July 2002. The fifty-year-olds applied for tickets which were open to anyone with their special date of birth. 35. Around 160,000 cups of tea, 54,000 drop scones and 48,000 slices of chocolate and lemon cake were served at Jubilee Garden Parties at Holyroodhouse, Buckingham Palace, Balmoral and Sandringham during the summer. 36. The Gold State Coach was used twice during the Golden Jubilee, making its first appearance since the Silver Jubilee in 1977. The first time was at “All the Queen's Horses” equestrian spectacular and the second in the procession to St Paul's Cathedral on Jubilee Day, 4th June. 37. Eleven photographers from the UK and the Commonwealth were commissioned to photograph The Queen for the Golden Jubilee. Photographers included Canadian musician Bryan Adams, Australian photographer Polly Borland, The Duke of York and fashion photographer Rankin. Digital techniques were used for the first time in official Royal photography. 38. The first female Queen's equerry was in attendance during the Golden Jubilee tour of New Zealand. In New Zealand, The Queen as female Head of State joined a female Governor-General (Dame Silvia Cartwright), a female Prime Minister (Helen Clark) and a female Chief Justice (Sian Elias). 39. The Queen received and replied to, almost 17,500 Golden Jubilee congratulatory letters between February and July, 2002. 40. The Queen has unveiled 30 plaques and 4 statues during the Jubilee tours. 41. The Queen has opened or visited 5 gardens, planted 9 trees/plants, taken part in or watched 10 parades, visited 8 museums and attended 27 receptions. 42. The Queen has delivered more than 20 speeches through the main Jubilee period (Feb-Aug), in which she included words in the Maori language and Welsh. 43. The oldest person presented to The Queen was a 110-year-old in Stirling and the youngest person presented to The Queen was 3 in South London. 44. This year, The Queen addressed both Houses of Parliament, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly all in the same year for the first time. The Queen also attended a reception given by the Northern Ireland Assembly and made a speech to its members. 45. Almost 20,000 balloons and 52 doves were released during Golden Jubilee visits in honour of The Queen. 46. Over 600 Jubilee gifts were presented to The Queen for her Jubilee, including personal gifts from individuals, official and corporate gifts, and gifts from Heads of States of other countries. They have included knitted toys, fruit trees for Sandringham, portraits, banners, tea cosies, china corgis, books and videos. 47. The Armed Forces paid their own tribute to The Queen during a spectacular military display in Portsmouth. It featured 6,000 personnel from all three Services. It ended with a cleverly staged climax when an air crewman leapt into the sea from a helicopter and appeared to swim to present The Queen with a bunch of flowers. 48. The Empire State Building shone purple and gold on the evening of Tuesday, 4 June 2002 in honour of The Queen's Golden Jubilee. The occasion also celebrated the close ties between the people of New York and Britain. 49. The Queen sent 2,281 birthday telegrams to centenarians and 9,870 telegrams to couples celebrating their diamond wedding (60) anniversary between January and July. 50. The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh ate local products wherever they went during the Jubilee tours, from Jamaica to the Western Isles. They were given hampers of locally produced food in Cornwall, Somerset, Suffolk and Powys.

Task 10. Prepare presentations about some other members of the Royal Family using the sites indicated in References.

Task 11. Self Assessment. Having studied the facts from the previous three texts, make a quiz consisting of 15 questions. Exchange these quizzes in class and answer the questions prepared by your group mates.