- •Mood. Conditional sentences entry test
- •1. Choose the correct word or phrase to fill the spaces.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Choose between Conditional Type I and Type II to complete the dialogue.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •5. Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •And Subjunctive Moods.
- •§ 1 Mood. General Information
- •§ 2 The Subjunctive Mood
- •1. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •2. The use of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •1) If she were here, you would notice him. (The Past Subjunctive)
- •2. Thus, we may speak about three major types of complex conditional sentences, or conditionals (Units 3-5):
- •3. Alternatives to ‘if’ in conditionals.
- •1. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •3. Use the correct verb form instead of the Infinitive in brackets.
- •4. Choose the correct expression in the following sentences.
- •5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Use will, going to, Present Simple and Present Perfect. There are may be two possibilities.
- •7. Some workers are demonstrating outside their factory. Use their demands to decide what they actually say to the managers and make conditional sentences (Type 1).
- •8. The managers of the factory are considering the worker’s demands. Complete the sentences by choosing suitable linking word from the box below.
- •9. Complete the following sentences.
- •10. Think of a suitable way to complete the second half of the dialogue.
- •11. Translate into English:
- •2. Type II Conditionals are used:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
- •3. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
- •4. What would they do? Put the verbs in the correct tense and form:
- •5. Write Type II Conditionals to match these situations.
- •6. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could, ought to, might in the main clause.
- •7. The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to you? Write your answers.
- •8. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •10. Translate into English:
- •3. If I had been you/in your position
- •4. Inversion with had in Type III Conditionals
- •2. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could have (done) or might have (done) in the main class.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Will you lend me your bike?
- •4. The Principal of the Express School of English is thinking about his life, and the conditions that led him to do things. What does he say to himself? Write sentences with an if-clause.
- •5. Open the brackets. Both right and both wrong
- •6. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
- •7. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.
- •8. Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
- •9. Complete the sentences.
- •10. Translate into English
- •1. Match the clauses together to make mixed conditional sentences.
- •2. Use mixed conditionals in these sentences.
- •3. Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm. They are discussing what has happened, and what to do now. Complete the conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
- •4. Put in the right conditionals. The secret of a long life
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •6. Translate into Russian.
- •If only
- •1. Match the comments with the answers.
- •2. Write sentences with ‘I wish’.
- •3. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation write a sentence with ‘I wish’.
- •4. Express wishes and regrets about these situations. Refer to yourself where possible.
- •5. Complain about the present situation and express your wish about some future actions. Begin your sentences with ‘if only’ or ‘I wish’.
- •6. Read a situation and then write a sentence with ‘I wish ... Would’ .... .
- •7. Here are some problems in brackets. How could they have been avoided? Use the words and phrases to help you write two sentences about each problem using I wish and If only.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Review exercises
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •2. Match the parts of the sentence.
- •3. Fill in: if, unless, provided or as long.
- •4. Complete the sentences using these words and phrases.
- •5. Complete these sentences to make appropriate Third Conditional or Mixed Conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •6. Complete these conditional sentences in any way appropriate.
- •7. Join the clauses in column a with those in column b to make eight logical sentences.
- •8. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
- •9. Write sentences as in the model.
- •10. Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. Having a Wonderful Time! Wish You Were Here!
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •14. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •15. Write a sentence about each problem using I wish or if only and the word in brackets.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •3. Correct the errors, if necessary.
- •4. Complete the following radio programme by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Sequence of Tenses and reported speech entry test
- •1. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
- •2. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech.
- •3. Report the following questions.
- •4. Report the following commands, requests, and suggestions. Change an introductory verb, if necessary.
- •5. Turn the following sentences with the modals into Reported Speech.
- •1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •2.Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the sense of the utterance.
- •2.Put in tell or say.
- •Unit 3 reported statements
- •1. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech. Mind the changes of place and time.
- •2. Put in is or was. Sometimes both are possible.
- •3. Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •4. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
- •5. Choose the most suitable word in cursive.
- •6. Report what these people are saying with the reporting verbs provided.
- •7. Turn each direct-speech statement into Reported Speech with tense changes.
- •8. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Martha. Here are some of the things Martha said to you:
- •10. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •11. Look at the extract from the interview 1 and the following report of it. Then write your own report of the next interviews.
- •Report… He said that…
- •Interview 4
- •Report… He said that…
- •12. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Rewrite each of these questions in Reported Speech. Start with the words given, and make any additions you need.
- •2. Turn the questions into Reported Speech.
- •4. Put the following into Reported Speech.
- •A job interview
- •7. Put the following into Direct Speech.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •9. Rita is moving to a new flat. Bill has come to see the flat and help her move in. Convert their dialogue into Reported Speech.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Mrs Smith is giving her cleaner instructions about what to do for the day. Report them.
- •2. Report the following using an appropriate introductory verb from the box below.
- •3. First read, then report what the teacher told the students before the exam.
- •4. Change the following direct commands into reported commands using the verbs: tell, order, ask, beg, advise, remind, warn, etc.
- •5. Put the following into Reported Speech using ask, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell, warn.
- •6. Report the following using the simple past of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Report the dialogue.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •9. Report the dialogue.
- •10. Mr Andrews is the boss at Techniques. He tells everyone what to do. Report his orders and requests.
- •11. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •12. Give the original words represented by the following reported sentences.
- •13. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Unit 6 modals in reported speech
- •1. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate verb form.
- •3. Turn the conversation into Reported Speech.
- •4. Report the dialogue.
- •5. Convert the conversations into Reported Speech.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Find a statement consistent with the adverbs given.
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
- •3. Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following.
- •4. Supply the correct forms of the verbs.
- •5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •6. Read the news report and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
- •7. Here is the report of what the judge said to an accused. Convert his words into Direct Speech.
- •8. Put in the missing words.
- •9. Put in the correct forms.
- •10. Match the first part (1-10) with an appropriate reporting verb (a-j).
- •11. Finish these sentences using the information above. Use Reported Speech.
- •12. Complete the following letter using the correct form of a verb from the list. The first (0) is given as an example.
- •13. Complete each sentence in Reported Speech.
- •14. Choose the correct answer to fill the spaces in the sentences given.
- •15 Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •17. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
- •18. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Convert the following into Reported Speech. Use an appropriate introductory verb.
1. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the sense of the utterance.
Mike: I’m sure Ann will be an excellent guide. Helen: Yes, she will.
Jim to his boss: I’ll finish this report by the end of the day.
Henry: I won’t stay at this hotel. The room service is awful here.
Victor to Diana: You must go to the bank tomorrow. Don’t you remember?
Jack to Jane: If you don’t take a taxi you won’t catch the next train.
Roger: How about coming to a party with me tonight? Ann: I’ll be delighted.
Nina: I have a terrible headache. Steve: Would you like me to buy some medicine for you?
Jim to Harry: I’m late because I missed my bus.
Martha: It was me. I ate all the cake yesterday.
Adrian: I’m sorry I was rude.
Peter: I really must leave.
Helen to Nick: I’ll let you know about my arrival. I’ll send you a telegram.
Sue: Mum, please let me go to the carnival. I’ll be all right!
Tom to Kate: You betrayed me!
2.Put in tell or say.
All the experts … the Earth is getting warmer.
Did you … Mark and Roger how to find our house?
The sales manager is going to … everyone about the meeting.
Nora, why don’t you just … what the matter is.
They … they’re going to build a new Disney World here.
What did he … about his holiday plans?
Could you … me the way to the train station, please?
The company should … its employees what’s going on.
You shouldn’t … lies, you know, James.
Did you … anything to Bob about the barbecue?
Unit 3 reported statements
1. To report statements a reporting verb (say, tell, explain, etc.) followed by a that-clause is used. In spoken English that can be omitted: He said, “I feel sick. He said (that) he felt sick.
2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the context.
Direct Speech: Reported Speech:
He said, “I’ll lend you my car”. He said he would lend me his car.
3. Verb Tenses and time expressions change in Reported Speech:
when the introductory verb is in a past tense: She said that she was leaving the following week.
in out-of-date reporting: When I saw Alec he said he was going to England the next month.
when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true: You said you liked (not ‘you like’) chocolate, but you aren’t eating any.
4. When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb tenses change according to the rules of Sequence of Tenses as follows:
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
Present Indefinite |
Past/Present Indefinite |
“He likes walking,” she said. |
She said he liked/likes walking. |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
“He is watching TV,” he said. |
He said he was watching TV. |
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
“He has just left,” she said. |
She said he had just left. |
Past Indefinite |
Past Indefinite/Past Perfect |
“I went home early,” she said. |
She said she went/had gone home early. |
Future |
Future-in-the-Past |
“He’ll be back in an hour,” she said. |
She said he would be back in an hour. |
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
“I’ve been typing since night,” she said. |
She said she had been typing since night. |
NOTE 1:
a) If the statement is still up to date when reported, then there is a choice. You can either leave the tense the same, or you can change it:
John said he is/was goingto Rome in April.(a future event is expressed)
Sarah told me that her father owns/owned a racehorse. (it is possible to say that her father owns a racehorse because it is still true)
Peter told me today that he losthis watchsome days ago.(recent report)
Mary said her mother isseriously ill.(the situation hasn’t changed, it’s relevancy at the present moment is emphasized)
b) If the statement is no longer up to date, then the tense is changed.
John said he was goingto Rome in April.(now it is May)
Sarah once told me that her father owned a racehorse. (he may no longer own one)
Peter told me last monththat he had losthis watchsome days before. (remote past report)
Last month I met Mary. She said her mother wasseriously ill. (the event is past, the situation might have changed)
NOTE 2: If the verb is Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous, it stays the same: “My money had runout.” Daniel said his money had runout.
5. Certain words can change as follows depending on the time reference.
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
tonight, today, this week/month/year |
that night, that day, that week/month/year |
now |
then, at that time, at once, immediately |
now that |
since |
yesterday, last night/week/month |
the day before, the previous night/week/month/year |
tomorrow, next week/ month/year |
the following day /the day after, the following/next week/month/year |
two days/months etc. ago |
two days/months etc. before |
this/these |
that/those |
here |
there |
come |
go |
E.g. ‘Tom is leaving tomorrow,” she said. |
She said that Tom was leaving the next day. |
6. There are no changes in the verb tenses in Reported Speech when the direct sentence expresses a general truth. (See Unit 3)
“The Earth is a planet,” he said. He said the Earth is a planet.
E x e r c i s e s