- •Mood. Conditional sentences entry test
- •1. Choose the correct word or phrase to fill the spaces.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Choose between Conditional Type I and Type II to complete the dialogue.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •5. Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •And Subjunctive Moods.
- •§ 1 Mood. General Information
- •§ 2 The Subjunctive Mood
- •1. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •2. The use of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •1) If she were here, you would notice him. (The Past Subjunctive)
- •2. Thus, we may speak about three major types of complex conditional sentences, or conditionals (Units 3-5):
- •3. Alternatives to ‘if’ in conditionals.
- •1. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •3. Use the correct verb form instead of the Infinitive in brackets.
- •4. Choose the correct expression in the following sentences.
- •5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Use will, going to, Present Simple and Present Perfect. There are may be two possibilities.
- •7. Some workers are demonstrating outside their factory. Use their demands to decide what they actually say to the managers and make conditional sentences (Type 1).
- •8. The managers of the factory are considering the worker’s demands. Complete the sentences by choosing suitable linking word from the box below.
- •9. Complete the following sentences.
- •10. Think of a suitable way to complete the second half of the dialogue.
- •11. Translate into English:
- •2. Type II Conditionals are used:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
- •3. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
- •4. What would they do? Put the verbs in the correct tense and form:
- •5. Write Type II Conditionals to match these situations.
- •6. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could, ought to, might in the main clause.
- •7. The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to you? Write your answers.
- •8. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •10. Translate into English:
- •3. If I had been you/in your position
- •4. Inversion with had in Type III Conditionals
- •2. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could have (done) or might have (done) in the main class.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Will you lend me your bike?
- •4. The Principal of the Express School of English is thinking about his life, and the conditions that led him to do things. What does he say to himself? Write sentences with an if-clause.
- •5. Open the brackets. Both right and both wrong
- •6. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
- •7. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.
- •8. Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
- •9. Complete the sentences.
- •10. Translate into English
- •1. Match the clauses together to make mixed conditional sentences.
- •2. Use mixed conditionals in these sentences.
- •3. Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm. They are discussing what has happened, and what to do now. Complete the conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
- •4. Put in the right conditionals. The secret of a long life
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •6. Translate into Russian.
- •If only
- •1. Match the comments with the answers.
- •2. Write sentences with ‘I wish’.
- •3. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation write a sentence with ‘I wish’.
- •4. Express wishes and regrets about these situations. Refer to yourself where possible.
- •5. Complain about the present situation and express your wish about some future actions. Begin your sentences with ‘if only’ or ‘I wish’.
- •6. Read a situation and then write a sentence with ‘I wish ... Would’ .... .
- •7. Here are some problems in brackets. How could they have been avoided? Use the words and phrases to help you write two sentences about each problem using I wish and If only.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Review exercises
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •2. Match the parts of the sentence.
- •3. Fill in: if, unless, provided or as long.
- •4. Complete the sentences using these words and phrases.
- •5. Complete these sentences to make appropriate Third Conditional or Mixed Conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •6. Complete these conditional sentences in any way appropriate.
- •7. Join the clauses in column a with those in column b to make eight logical sentences.
- •8. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
- •9. Write sentences as in the model.
- •10. Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. Having a Wonderful Time! Wish You Were Here!
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •14. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •15. Write a sentence about each problem using I wish or if only and the word in brackets.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •3. Correct the errors, if necessary.
- •4. Complete the following radio programme by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Sequence of Tenses and reported speech entry test
- •1. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
- •2. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech.
- •3. Report the following questions.
- •4. Report the following commands, requests, and suggestions. Change an introductory verb, if necessary.
- •5. Turn the following sentences with the modals into Reported Speech.
- •1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •2.Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the sense of the utterance.
- •2.Put in tell or say.
- •Unit 3 reported statements
- •1. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech. Mind the changes of place and time.
- •2. Put in is or was. Sometimes both are possible.
- •3. Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •4. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
- •5. Choose the most suitable word in cursive.
- •6. Report what these people are saying with the reporting verbs provided.
- •7. Turn each direct-speech statement into Reported Speech with tense changes.
- •8. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Martha. Here are some of the things Martha said to you:
- •10. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •11. Look at the extract from the interview 1 and the following report of it. Then write your own report of the next interviews.
- •Report… He said that…
- •Interview 4
- •Report… He said that…
- •12. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Rewrite each of these questions in Reported Speech. Start with the words given, and make any additions you need.
- •2. Turn the questions into Reported Speech.
- •4. Put the following into Reported Speech.
- •A job interview
- •7. Put the following into Direct Speech.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •9. Rita is moving to a new flat. Bill has come to see the flat and help her move in. Convert their dialogue into Reported Speech.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Mrs Smith is giving her cleaner instructions about what to do for the day. Report them.
- •2. Report the following using an appropriate introductory verb from the box below.
- •3. First read, then report what the teacher told the students before the exam.
- •4. Change the following direct commands into reported commands using the verbs: tell, order, ask, beg, advise, remind, warn, etc.
- •5. Put the following into Reported Speech using ask, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell, warn.
- •6. Report the following using the simple past of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Report the dialogue.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •9. Report the dialogue.
- •10. Mr Andrews is the boss at Techniques. He tells everyone what to do. Report his orders and requests.
- •11. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •12. Give the original words represented by the following reported sentences.
- •13. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Unit 6 modals in reported speech
- •1. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate verb form.
- •3. Turn the conversation into Reported Speech.
- •4. Report the dialogue.
- •5. Convert the conversations into Reported Speech.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Find a statement consistent with the adverbs given.
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
- •3. Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following.
- •4. Supply the correct forms of the verbs.
- •5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •6. Read the news report and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
- •7. Here is the report of what the judge said to an accused. Convert his words into Direct Speech.
- •8. Put in the missing words.
- •9. Put in the correct forms.
- •10. Match the first part (1-10) with an appropriate reporting verb (a-j).
- •11. Finish these sentences using the information above. Use Reported Speech.
- •12. Complete the following letter using the correct form of a verb from the list. The first (0) is given as an example.
- •13. Complete each sentence in Reported Speech.
- •14. Choose the correct answer to fill the spaces in the sentences given.
- •15 Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •17. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
- •18. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Convert the following into Reported Speech. Use an appropriate introductory verb.
1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry.
I didn’t know that you already(to wind) up the clock.
I was afraid that the little girl (not be able) to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.
Mark understood why Tom (not to come) the previous evening.
He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) six.
They realized that they (to lose) their way in the dark.
When the bus (to stop) I (to look) out of the window but(not to see) my brother there. I (to send) him a telegram and I (to think) that he (to meet) me.
I found out that he (not to know) German at all.
I learnt that my cousin (to receive) a very interesting offer from his firm.
My niece wrote in her letter that she(to come)to stay with us.
I think the weather (to be) fine next week. I hope it (not to change) for the worse.
She hoped that her boyfriend (to come) to see her.
I suppose they(to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.
When I came to the station I saw my cousin. I understood that he (to miss) the 6 o’clock train.
We didn’t know where our friends (to go) every evening.
Shakespeare wrote that all the world(to be) a stage.
2.Translate from Russian into English.
Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас.
Я думаю, что вы опоздаете в кино.
Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем на Канарские острова.
Я был уверен, что вы не подведете меня.
Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Манчестер.
Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.
Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.
Когда я увидел Марту, я понял, что она чем-то расстроена. Она сказала, что заболела ее мать.
Я была удивлена, когда узнала, что Марк не сдал экзамен. Он говорил, что долго к нему готовился.
В больнице я узнал, что у меня вторая группа крови.
UNIT 2 Reported Speech. MEANING AND USE
1. Direct Speech is the exact words someone said: “I’ll go to London,” she said. Quotation marks (“…”) are used in Direct Speech.
Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words: She said she would go to London. Quotation marks are not used in Reported Speech.
2. The verbs most commonly used to introduce the Reported Speech are to tell and to say.
The verb tell is used to mention the hearer (the person spoke to): Sarah’s boss told her she could leave early. Daniel tells me he is ready.
The verb tell is used without an indirect object (e.g. her, me) only in the expressions tell a story, tell the truth, tell a lie, tell the time, tell you so.
The verb say is used when one doesn’t mention the hearer: Sarah’s boss said she could leave earlier. Daniel says he is ready.
Sometimes to is used after say, especially when the words are not reported: The boss wanted to say something to Sarah. What did Matthew say to you?
3. In order to interpret what we hear or read the following verbs can be used:
Introductory verbs Direct Speech Reported Speech
|
Verb + to-inf. |
|
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Agree |
“Yes, I’ll help you.” |
He agreed to help me |
| ||||||
|
Offer |
“Shall I open the door?” |
He offered to open the door. |
| ||||||
|
Promise |
“Of course I’ll pay you.” |
He promised to pay me. |
| ||||||
|
Refuse |
“No, I won’t go with you.” |
He refused to go with us. |
| ||||||
|
Threaten |
“I’ll punish you.” |
He threatened to punish me. |
| ||||||
|
Verb + sb. + to-inf. |
|
| |||||||
|
Advise |
“You should see a lawyer.” |
He advised me to see a lawyer. |
| ||||||
|
Ask |
“Could you help me?” |
He asked me to help him. |
| ||||||
|
Beg |
“Please, don’t hurt her.” |
He begged me not to hurt her. |
| ||||||
|
Command |
“Stand up!” |
He commanded to stand up. |
| ||||||
|
Invite |
“Will you go out with me?” |
He invited me to go out with him. |
| ||||||
Order |
“Leave the cat!” |
He ordered me to leave the cat. |
| |||||||
Remind |
“Don’t forget to ring Ann.” |
She reminded me to ring Ann. |
| |||||||
Warn |
“Don’t go near her.” |
She warned me not to go near her. |
| |||||||
Verb + gerund |
| |||||||||
Admit |
“Yes, I did it.” |
He admitted doing/having done it. | ||||||||
Accuse sb. of |
“You took the money.” |
He accused me of taking/ having taken the money. | ||||||||
Apologise for |
“I’m sorry I came so late.” |
He apologised for coming/having come so late. | ||||||||
Boast of/about |
“I’m the fastest of all.” |
He boasted of/about being the fastest of all. | ||||||||
Complain to sb. of |
“I have a toothache.” |
He complained to me of having a toothache. | ||||||||
Deny |
“I didn’t take the book.” |
He denied taking/having taken the book. | ||||||||
Insist on |
“You must come with us.” |
He insisted on me/my going with them. | ||||||||
(Say one) prefers |
“I’d rather do it myself.” |
He said he preferred doing/to do it himself. | ||||||||
Suggest |
“Let’s have a party.” |
He suggested having a party. | ||||||||
Verb + that clause | ||||||||||
Agree |
“Yes, it’s a big house.” |
He agreed that it was a big house. | ||||||||
Complain |
“You’re always lying to me.” |
He complained that I was always lying to him. | ||||||||
Deny |
“I didn’t take that book.” |
He denied that he had taken the book. | ||||||||
Explain |
“That’s why I didn’t take it.” |
He explained to me why/that he hadn’t taken it. | ||||||||
Exclaim/ remark |
“What a sunny day it is.” |
He exclaimed/remarked that it was a sunny day. | ||||||||
Promise |
“Of course I’ll help you.” |
He promised that he would help me. | ||||||||
Suggest |
“You’d better see a doctor. |
He suggested that I (should) see a doctor. |
Note: admit, advise, boast, insist, threaten, warn, remind can also be followed by a that-clause in Reported Speech.
4. Reported Speech commonly occurs in continuous paragraphs of reported language, not in unrelated sentences. To hold it together such phrases and words as she went on to say, he continued, he added that, and, as, because, but, since, while, then, etc. are used:
“I’m really tired,” she said to him. “Can you make me a cup of coffee?”
She exclaimed that she was tired and asked him to make her a cup of coffee.
We can report:
– statements
– questions
– commands, requests, suggestions, etc.
E x e r c i s e s