Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Клиническая психиатрия_Каплан_Седок

.pdf
Скачиваний:
44
Добавлен:
16.05.2015
Размер:
3.83 Mб
Скачать

L_klu gZ ihq_qgmx g_^hklZlhqghklv

Debj_gk dj_ZlbgbgZ iha\hey_l \uy\blv jZggb_ gZjmr_gby kh klhjhgu ihq_d b ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv hkms_kl\eylv i_jbh^bq_kdbc dhgljhev aZ bo khklhygb_f ijb gZebqbb aZ[he_\Zgby Ijb aZ[he_\Zgbb ihq_d hij_^_ey_lky lZd`_ hklZlhqguc Zahl fhq_\bgu \ djh\b Ihkdhevdm eblbc bgh]^Z \uau\Z_l gZjmr_gby nmgdpbb ihq_d [hevguf dhlhju_ ihemqZxl wlhl ij_iZjZl j_dhf_g^m_lky bkke_^h\Zlv dj_Z lbgbg \ ku\hjhld_ djh\b

L_klu gZ hij_^_e_gb_ nmgdpbb i_q_gb

< j_amevlZl_ e_q_gby n_ghlbZabgZfb b ljbpbdebq_kdbfb ij_iZjZlZfb fh]ml \hagbdgmlv ]_iZlh^mh^_gZevgu_ gZjmr_gby b \gmljbi_q_ghqguc klZa `_eqb qlh khijh\h`^Z_lky ih\ur_gb_f h[s_]h b ijyfh]h [bebjm[bgZ G_dhlhju_ ij_iZjZlugZijbf_j n_gh[Zj[blZe fh]ml \uau\Zlv ih\ur_gb_ mjh\gy [bebjm[bgZ \ ku\hjhld_

L?KLU G: A:;HE?<:GBY I?J?>:XSB?KY IHEH<UF IML?F

L_kl eZ[hjZlhjgh]h ZgZebaZ \_g_jbq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbc 9HQHUDO 'LVHDVH 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 9'5/ bkihevam_lky ^ey ^bZ]ghklbdb kbnbebkZ ?keb wlhl l_kl hdZau\Z_lky iheh`bl_evguf ke_^m_l ijh\_klb ^hihegbl_evgh_ h[ke_^h\Zgb_ [he__ ki_pbnbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ bffmghnexhj_kp_glguc l_kl ih]ehs_gby ljbiZghkhfguo Zglbl_e

)OXRUHVFHQW 7UHSRQHPD DQWLERG\$EVRUSWLRQ 7HVW )7$²

$%6WHVW k bkihevah\Zgb_f \ dZq_kl\_ Zglb]_gZ [e_^ghc kibjho_lu 7UHSRQHPD 3DOOLGXP L_kl ^ey fha]h\uo de_lhd ijh\h^blky ijb ih^haj_gbb gZ kbnbebk fha]Z Ihablb\guc l_kl gZ gZebqb_ \bjmkZ KIB>Z <BQ mdZau\Z_l qlh ^Zggh_ ebph bgnbpbjh\Zgh \bjmkhf \uau\Zxsbf KIB> IkbobZljbq_kdbc Zki_dl wlhc ijh[e_fu \hagbdZxsbc ijb hij_^_e_gbb m [hevgh]h gZ KIB> jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \ ]eZ\_

k_jhihablb\ghc j_Zdpbb

MJH<?GV IKBOHLJHIGUO <?S?KL< < IE:AF?

M [hevguo ihemqZxsbo ikbohljhigu_ \_s_kl\Z j_dhf_g^m_lky j_]meyjgh baf_jylv mjh\_gv ij_iZjZlZ \ ieZaf_ djh\b Wlh hlf_q_gh gZijbf_j ijb e_q_gbb eblb_f gh ^ey ^jm]bo ij_iZjZlh\ gZijbf_j ^ey g_cjhe_ilbdh\ wlb bkke_^h\Zgby bf_xl bgl_j_k lhevdh \ gZmqghf ieZg_ Debgbpbkl fh`_l g_ \hegh\Zlvky ih ih\h^m g_h[oh^bfhklb j_]meyjgh]h bkke_^h\Zgby djh\b \k_o [hevguo ihemqZxsbo ikbohljhigu_ ij_iZjZlu Baf_j_gby mjh\gy ij_iZjZlZ \ ieZaf_ g_ fh]ml aZf_gblv d\Zebnbpbjh\Zggh]h debgbq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ b mq_lZ ikboheh]bq_kdbo Zki_dlh\ khklhygby [hevgh]h

;_gah^bZa_ibgu

>ey [hevguo ihemqZxsbo [_gah^bZa_ibgu g_l dZdbo eb[h ki_pbZevguo l_klh\ I_jbh^ ihemjZkiZ^Z l_o ba ij_iZjZlh\ wlhc ]jmiiu dhlhju_ jZkiZ^Zxlky \ i_q_gb \ j_amevlZl_ hdbke_gby m\_ebqb\Z_lky ijb gZjmr_gbb nmgdpbb i_q_gb Hkgh\gu_ l_klu iha\heyxsb_ bkke_^h\Zlv nmgdpbx i_q_gb %DVHOLQH OLYHU IXQFWLRQ WHVWV /)7 ihdZaZgu

[hevguf k ih^haj_gb_f gZ aZ[he_\Zgb_ i_q_gb Bkke_^h\Zgby fhqb gZ [_gah^bZa_ibgu h[uqgh gZagZqZxlky [hevguf k ih^haj_gb_f gZ aehmihlj_[e_gb_ gZjdhlbq_kdbfb \_s_kl\Zfb

:glbikbohlbq_kdb_ \_s_kl\Z

:glbikbohlbq_kdb_ \_s_kl\Z fh]ml \uau\Zlv e_cdhpblha e_]dmx Zg_fbx b \ j_^dbo kemqZyo Z]jZgmehpblha @_eZl_evgh gZagZqZlv [hevghfm debgbq_kdbc ZgZeba djh\b h^gZdh ghjfZevguc ZgZeba g_ ]ZjZglbjm_l lh]h qlh gZjmr_gby kh klhjhgu djh\b m [hevgh]h g_ \hagbdgml lZd dZd j_adb_ gZjmr_gby nmgdpbb dhklgh]h fha]Z fh]ml \hagbdZlv ^Z`_ \ l_o kemqZyo dh]^Z ^haZ ij_iZjZlZ g_ f_gy_lky LZd dZd ikbohlbq_kdb_ \_s_kl\Z jZkiZ^Zxlky \ i_q_gb `_eZl_evgh bkke_^h\Zlv __ nmgdpbx /)7 Mjh\_gv Zglbikbohlbq_kdbo \_s_kl\ \ ieZaf_ g_ dhjj_ebjm_l k baf_g_gb_f debgbq_kdh]h khklhygby [hevgu_ h^gZdh bgh]^Z gZ[ex^Z_lky dhjj_eypby f_`^m \ukhdbf mjh\g_f wlbo ij_iZjZlh\ \ ieZaf_ b lhdkbq_kdbfb ih[hqgufb wnn_dlZfb Baf_j_gb_ mjh\gy Zglbikbohlbq_kdbo \_s_kl\ \ ieZaf_ bf__l kfuke lhevdh ^ey lh]h qlh[u h[gZjm`blv g_qm\kl\bl_evghklv d ij_iZjZlm beb gZjmr_gby _]h \kZku\Zgby

PBDEBQ?KDB? :GLB>?IJ?KK:GLU

I_j_^ l_f dZd gZqbgZlv dmjk e_q_gby Zglb^_ij_kkZglZfb g_h[oh^bfh k^_eZlv [hevghfm we_dljhdZj^bh]jZffm WD= qlh[u \uykgblv mkeh\by \hagbdgh\_gby aZ^_j`db ijh\h^bfhklb y\eyxs_cky ij_^ihkuedhc d lhfm qlh \ ijhp_kk_ e_q_gby jZah\v_lky k_j^_qguc [ehd G_dhlhju_ debgbpbklu iheZ]Zxl qlh \k_f [hevguf gZoh^ysbfky gZ e_q_gbb Zglb^_ij_kkZglZfb ke_^m_l _`_]h^gh ^_eZlv WD= GZ l_jZi_\lbq_kdhf mjh\g_ wlb ij_iZjZlu ih^Z\eyxl Zjblfbb ih f_oZgbafm ih^h[ghfm obgb^bgh\hfm wnn_dlm LjZah^hg 7UD]RGRQH 'HV\UHO Zglb^_ij_kkZgl g_ hlghkysbcky d pbdebq_kdbf Zglb^_ij_kkZglZf \uau\Z_l bgh]^Z \_gljbdmeyj gmx Zjblfbx Mjh\_gv pbdebq_kdbo Zglb^_ij_kkZglh\ \ djh\b gm`gh baf_jylv m [hevguo gZ dhlhjuo h[uqgu_ ^hau ij_iZjZlh\ g_ hdZau\Zxl wnn_dlZ m [hevguo k \ukhdhc kl_i_gvx jbkdZ gZijbf_j k aZ[he_\Zgb_f k_j^pZ dhlhjuf `_eZl_evgh ih^^_j`b\Zlv e_q_gb_ fbgbfZevgufb ^haZfb b \ lHo kemqZyo dh]^Z `_eZl_evgh kjhqgh magZlv ^hklb]eh eb kh^_j`Zgb_ ij_iZjZlZ \ ieZaf_ l_jZi_\lbq_kdh]h beb l_ogbq_kdh]h mjh\gy Gb`_ ijb\h^ylky oZjZdl_jbklbdb g_dhlhjuo ij_iZjZlh\ ljbpbdebq_kdh]h jy^Z

BfbijZfbg Ijhp_gl iheh`bl_evguo j_amevlZlh\ e_q_gby ebg_cgh dhjj_ebjm_l k mjh\g_f ieZafu dhe_[exsbfky hl ^h g] fe gh m g_dhlhjuo [hevguo wnn_dl gZ[ex^Z_lky ijb [he__ gbadhf mjh\g_ Ijb mjh\g_ ij_\urZxs_f

g] fe ^Zevg_cr_]h memqr_gby m`_ g_ gZ[ex^Z_lky Z ih[hqgu_ wnn_dlu \hajZklZxl

Ghjljbilbebg 1RUWULSW\OLQH L_jZi_\lbq_kdh_ hdgh ^bZiZahg ^ha \ dhlhjhf ij_iZjZl hdZau\Z_l gZb[hevrbc wnn_dl jZkiheh`_gh f_`^m b g] fe

>_af_lbebfbijZfbg 'HVPHWK\OLPLSUDLQH Mjh\_gv ij_\urZxsbc g] fe dhjj_ebjm_l k [he__ \ukhdbf ijhp_glhf iheh`bl_evguo j_amevlZlh\

Ijhp_^mjZ Ijhp_^mjZ baf_j_gby mjh\gy ij_iZjZlZ \ djh\b aZdexqZ_lky \ ke_^mxs_f Djh\v [_j_lky q_j_a ² q ihke_ ihke_^g_]h ijb_fZ e_dZjkl\Z h[uqgh mljhf ihke_ ghqghc ^hau ;hevghc ^he`_g ihemqZlv h^gm b lm `_ ^ham ij_iZjZlZ \ l_q_gb_ ihke_^gbo ^g_c qlh[u m\_ebqblv gZ^_`ghklv l_klZ M g_dhlhjuo [hevguo agZqbl_evgh gZjmr_g f_lZ[hebaf pbdebq_kdbo Zglb^_ij_kkZglh\ b mjh\_gv kh^_j`Zgby

ij_iZjZlZ \ djh\b fh`_l ^hklb]Zlv g] fe ijb ijb_f_ ghjfZevguo ^ha b ijb hlkmlkl\bb iheh`bl_evgh]h debgbq_kdh]h wnn_dlZ LZdbo [hevguo gZ^h lsZl_evgh h[ke_^h\Zlv gZ gZebqb_ aZ[he_\Zgbc k_j^pZ jZa\b\rboky \ke_^kl\b_ ijb_fZ e_dZjkl\ ;hevgu_ m dhlhjuo mjh\_gv ij_iZjZlZ \ur_ g] fe hlghkylky d ]jmii_ jbkdZ ih dZj^bhlhdkbqghklb

Eblbc

;hevgu_ dhlhju_ ihemqZxl eblbc ^he`gu [ulv h[ke_^h\Zgu ih l_klZf gZ nmgdpbx sblh\b^ghc `_e_au we_dljheblu nmgdpbb ihq_d b WD= >himklbfuc mjh\_gv kh^_j`Zgby² ² fwd\ e ohly [hevgu_ k hkljuf fZgbZdZevguf khklhygb_f fh]ml i_j_ghkblv ^hau ² fwd\ e G_dhlhju_ [hevgu_ fh]ml h[gZjm`b\Zlv iheh`bl_evgu_ j_amevlZlu ijb e_q_gbb [he__ gbadbfb ^haZfb lh]^Z dZd ^jm]bf lj_[mxlky [he__ \ukhdb_ ^hau Lhdkbq_kdb_ j_Zdpbb \hagbdZxl h[uqgh ijb mjh\g_ fwd\ e J_]meyjguc dhgljhev mjh\gy eblby bf__l \Z`gh_ agZq_gb_ ihkdhevdm ebrv madbc ^bZiZahg ^ha hdZau\Z_l l_jZi_\lbq_kdbc wnn_dl [_a hkeh`g_gbc kh klhjhgu k_j^pZ b p_gljZevghc g_j\ghc kbkl_fu PGK

Mjh\_gv eblby hij_^_eyxl q_j_a ² q ihke_ lh]h dZd [hevghc \ ihke_^gbc jZa ijbgye ij_iZjZl H[uqgh ZgZeba ^_eZ_lky mljhf ihke_ ijb_fZ ^hau gZagZqZ_fhc gZ ghqv Ke_^m_l ih\lhjylv ZgZeba ih f_gvr_c f_j_ jZaZ \ g_^_ex ^h l_o ihj ihdZ khklhygb_ [hevgh]h g_ klZ[bebabjm_lky aZl_f ZgZeba fh`gh ijhba\h^blv jZa \ f_kyp

IHEBKHFGH=J:NBY

Ihebkhfgh]jZnby ² wlh dhfie_dk l_klh\ \dexqZxsbo we_dljhwgp_nZeh]jZffmWW= b we_dljhfbh]jZffm WF= Hgb qZklh ^_eZxlky \f_kl_ k l_klZfb gZ aZ[he_\Zgb_ iheh\h]h qe_gZ gZkus_gb_ djh\b dbkehjh^hf baf_j_gb_f l_fi_jZlmju l_eZ bkke_^h\Zgb_f fhlhjbdb dh`gh ]Zev\Zgbq_kdhc j_Zdpbb b dbkehlghklb `_em^dZ Wlb bkke_^h\Zgby \Z`gu ijb p_ehf jy^_ iZlheh]bq_kdbo khklhygbc lZdbo dZd [_kkhggbpZ ghqgZy fbhdehgby ghqgh_ Zighw wgmj_a khfgZf[mebaf ijbiZ^db bfihl_gpby ]heh\gu_ [heb khkm^bklh]h oZjZdl_jZ ]ZkljhwahnZ]_Zevguc j_nexdk b ^_ij_kkby

J_amevlZlu ihebkhfgh]jZnbq_kdh]h bkke_^h\Zgby fh]ml \uy\blv ]bihkhfgbxmdhjhq_gb_ \j_f_gb f_`^m gZqZehf kgZ b i_j\hc nZahc [ukljh]h kgZ N;K² eZl_glghklb N;K ih\ur_gb_ dhebq_kl\Z f_^e_gguo \heg \ WW= ^_evlZ \heg b mdhjhq_gb_ b klZ^bc [he__ qZklu_ q_f \ ghjf_ ^\b`_gby ]eZa b m\_ebq_gb_

\j_f_gb [ukljh]h kgZ \ jZggbc i_jbh^ ghqgh]h kgZ

WE?DLJHWGP?N:EH=J:NBY

We_dljhwgp_nZeh]jZn WW= j_]bkljbjm_l gZijy`_gb_ f_`^m we_dljh^Zfb jZkiheh`_ggufb gZ ]heh\_ qlh ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv hoZjZdl_jbah\Zlv [bhwe_dljbq_kdmx Zdlb\ghklv fha]Z b g_j\guo de_lhd WW= bkihevam_lky ^ey h[gZjm`_gby hj]Zgbq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbc fha]Z b y\ey_lky ki_pbnbq_kdbf f_lh^hf ^ey h[gZjm`_gby ijbiZ^dh\ h[t_fguo ih\j_`^_gbc b wgp_nZehiZlbb

OZjZdl_jgu_ baf_g_gby \ WW= gZ[ex^Zxlky gZ ijb_f_ hij_^_e_gguo e_dZjkl\ <hegu WW= ih^jZa^_eyxlky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf [_lZ²hl ^h =p dhe_[Zgbc \ k_dmg^m ZevnZ²hl ^h =p lwlZ²hl ^h =p b ^_evlZ²hl ^h =p

Ijb [hevrbo km^hjh`guo ijbiZ^dZo \ i_jbh^ lhgbq_kdhc nZau gZ[ex^Zxlky jblfbq_kdb_ kbgojhggu_ \ukhdhZfieblm^gu_ ibdb k qZklhlhc hl ^h =p Q_j_a ²k ibdb bgh]^Z gZqbgZxl j_]bkljbjh\Zlvky ]jmiiZfb q_j_^mxsbfbky k f_^e_ggufb \hegZfb qlh khhl\_lkl\m_l dehgbq_kdhc nZa_ ijbiZ^dh\ B gZdhg_p \ nZam ihdhy ihy\eyxlky gbadhZfieblm^gu_ ^_evlZ f_^e_ggu_ \hegu Ijb fZeuo wibe_ilbq_kdbo ijbiZ^dZo hlf_qZ_lky \g_aZigh_ ihy\e_gb_ [beZl_jZevgh kbgojhgguo ]_g_jZebah\Zgguo ibdh\ b \hegh\uo iZll_jgh\ k hq_gv \ukhdhc Zfieblm^hc b oZjZdl_jghc qZklhlhc ² =p

<UA<:GGU? IHL?GPB:EU

<ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu ² wlh we_dljbq_kdZy Zdlb\ghklv fha]Z \hagbdZxsZy \ hl\_l gZ ih\lhjgu_ k_gkhjgu_ klbfmeu Wlb ihl_gpbZeu fh]ml [ulv \u^_e_gu ba kihglZgghc WW= Zdlb\ghklb k ihfhsvx dhfivxl_jghc l_ogbdb mkj_^g_gby kihkh[hf dhlhjuc gZau\Z_lky dZjlbjh\Zgb_f we_dljbq_kdhc Zdlb\ghklb fha]Z DW:F %UDLQ (OHFFWULFDO$FWLYLW\ 0DSSLQQJ %($0 qlh ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv ihemqblv lhih]jZnbq_kdmx p\_lgmx dZjlm fha]h\hc Zdlb\ghklb Ihl_gpbZeu fh]ml [ulv \ua\Zgu klbfmeZfb jZaghc fh^Zevghklb khfZlhk_gkhjgu_ \ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu KK<I ajbl_evgu_ \ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu A<I b kemoh\u_ \ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu K<I <ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu \ debgbd_ \Z`gu l_f qlh iha\heyxl hp_gblv nmgdpbx khfZlhk_gkhjguo beb ^jm]bo k_gkhjguo iml_c JZaebqgZy eZl_glghklv b \hegh\u_ iZll_jgu iha\heyxl ehdZebah\Zlv ih\j_`^_gb_ gZ ijhly`_gbb \k_]h g_j\gh]h imlb hl i_jbn_jbq_kdh]h dhgpZ ZgZebaZlhjZ ^h fha]h\hc dhju >jm]bfb kihkh[Zfb ih^h[gu_ gZjmr_gby qZklh \uy\blv g_ m^Z_lky

K<I hlebqZxlky \ukhdbf ihklhygkl\hf b h[uqgh g_ baf_gyxlky ijb kg_ beb dhf_ K ihfhsvx A<I b K<I fh`gh ijhba\h^blv bkke_^h\Zgb_ kemoZ b aj_gby m gh\hjh`^_gguo b ^bnn_j_gpbjh\dm f_`^m ikboh]_ggufb gZjmr_gbyfb wlbo hj]Zgh\ qm\kl\ b bo hj]Zgbq_kdbf ihjZ`_gb_f GZjmr_gby k_gkhjguo iml_c \ua\Zgguo ih\j_`^_gb_f i_jbn_jbq_kdbo g_j\h\ dhj_rdh\ b kibggh]h fha]Z ijhy\eyxlky \ \b^_ jZaebqguo iZll_jgh\ KK<I <ua\Zggu_ ihl_gpbZeu bkihevamxlky ^ey dhgljhey g_j\guo iml_c m [hevguo gZoh^ysboky ih^ gZjdhahf \h \j_fy objmj]bq_kdbo hi_jZpbc b fh]ml y\blvky ihdZaZl_e_f ]b[_eb fha]Z Ih g_dhlhjuf ij_^\Zjbl_evguf ^Zgguf ih WW= m^Z_lky h[gZjm`blv jZagbpm f_`^m [hevgufb rbahnj_gb_c b a^hjh\ufb m [hevguo hlf_qZ_lky Zkbff_ljby ih J jblfm \ g_dhlhjuo h[eZklyo b m\_ebq_gb_ > Zdlb\ghklb hkh[_ggh \ eh[guo h[eZklyo

J:>BHBAHLHIGH? KD:GBJH<:GB? FHA=:

< hlebqb_ hl ghjfZevguo fha]h\uo ldZg_c iZlheh]bq_kdb baf_g_ggu_ ldZgb fha]Z fh]ml aZ^_j`b\Zlv jZ^bhbahlhigu_ \_s_kl\Z Wlh k\yaZgh k gZjmr_gb_f ]_fZlhwgp_nZebq_kdh]h [Zjv_jZ =W; ijb hj]Zgbq_kdhf aZ[he_\Zgbb fha]Z

K ihfhsvx kdZgbjmxs_]h h[hjm^h\Zgby m wg_j]bx baemqZ_fmx jZ^bhbahlhiZfb gZdZieb\Zxsbfbky \ f_kl_ ih\j_`^_gby fh`gh aZkgylv gZ j_gl]_gh\kdmx ie_gdmnhlhkdZgbjmxs__ mkljhckl\h JZ^bhbahlhiu f_q_ggu_ l_og_pb_f >LF @ \\h^yl \gmljb\_ggh i_j_^ kdZgbjh\Zgb_f hl fbg ^h ² q ^h g_]h KdZgbjmxs__ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ i_j_^Z_l kb]gZeu gZ kqblu\Zxs__ mkljhckl\h hkpbeehkdhi hldm^Z h[jZapu \ k\hx hq_j_^v fh]ml [ulv knhlh]jZnbjh\Zgu Bahlhi ]Zeeby >*D @

gZdZieb\Z_lky \ \hkiZe_gguo b ebfnZlbq_kdbo ldZgyo

Ijb br_fbb fha]Z jZ^bhZdlb\gu_ bahlhiu gZdZieb\Zxlky lhevdh k ]h ih c ^_gv ihke_ __ \hagbdgh\_gby ahgZ br_fbb qZklh [u\Z_l debgh\b^ghc Fha]h\Zy kdZgh]jZffZ qZklh [u\Z_l g_]Zlb\ghc _keb ih\j_`^_gb_ g_[hevrh_ f_g__ kf \ ^bZf_lj_ g_ kh^_j`bl khkm^h\ lZdh_ dZd dbklZ beb aZl_fg_gh fur_qghc fZkkhc beb kebygb_f djh\_ghkguo khkm^h\

>bgZfbq_kdh_ fha]h\h_ kdZgbjh\Zgb_ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ^hihegbl_evgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ Q_j_a ² k ihke_ \gmljb\_gghc bgt_dpbb jZ^bhZdlb\gh]h bahlhiZ ^_eZ_lky k_jby nhlh]jZnbc :kbff_ljby \ djh\hlhd_ kh^_j`Zs_f jZ^bhbahlhiu fh`_l y\blvky ijbagZdhf kl_ghaZ beb hddexabb dhjhgZjghc Zjl_jbb beb br_fbb \gmljb fha]h\hc ahgu Zjl_jbb H[uqgh i_jnmaby \ ahg_ br_fbb aZf_^e_gZ Z \ ahg_ himoheb ² mkdhj_gZ K ihfhsvx wlh]h f_lh^Z fh`gh lZd`_ gZ[ex^Zlv [ukljh_ aZiheg_gb_ b himklhr_gb_ \jh`^_gguo Zjl_jbh\_ghaguo ihjhdh\

JZ^bhbahlhigZy pbkl_jgh]jZnby

L_kl jZ^bhbahlhighc pbkl_jgh]jZnbb iha\hey_l hij_^_eblv kdhjhklv ih]ehs_gby kibgghfha]h\hc `b^dhklb m [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c k ghjfZevguf \gmljbq_j_iguf ^Z\e_gb_f b fh`_l bkihevah\Zlvky ^ey hij_^_e_gby ijhkZqb\Zgby kibgghfha]h\hc `b^dhklb Dh]^Z ijb kibgghfha]h\hc imgdpbb \\h^blky bg^bc >,Q @ bahlhiu ^bnnmg^bjmxl q_j_a kibgghfha]h\hc dZgZe \gmljv hkgh\ghc ihehklb \ l_q_gb_ ² q Bo fh`gh \b^_lv gZ^ fha]h\hc \uimdehklvx \ l_q_gb_ q b hgb khojZgyxlky \ hkgh\ghf iZjZkZ]bllZevgh q_j_a q b\ hq_gv g_[hevrhf dhebq_kl\_ q_j_a q M [hevguo ]b^jhp_nZeb_c k ghjfZevguf \gmljbq_j_iguf ^Z\e_gb_f ba aZ ojhgbq_kdh]h ^_n_dlZ gZjmrZxs_]h Z[khj[pbx kibgghfha]h\hc `b^dhklb jZ^bhZdlb\gu_ bahlhiu ^bnnmg^bjmxl \gmljv `_em^hqdh\ fha]Z bo fh`gh \b^_lv \ `_em^hqdZo ihke_ q

Y^_jgh fZ]gblguc j_ahgZgk YFJ

G_dhlhju_ Zlhfgu_ y^jZ ijhlhgu \gmljb kbevgh]h fZ]gblgh]h ihey hjb_glbjh\Zgu b \jZsZxlky \ g_f AZl_f gZ wlb y^jZ ih^Z_lky jZ^bhqZklhlguc kb]gZe b k ihfhsvx dhfivxl_jgh]h ZgZebaZ ihemqZxl bah[jZ`_gb_ ijhkljZgkl\_ggh]h h[jZaZ Wlbf f_lh^hf fh`gh bamqblv g_ lhevdh ZgZlhfbx gh b [bhobfbq_kdmx kljmdlmjm ldZgb YFJ iha\hey_l h[gZjm`blv ih\j_`^_gby g_\b^bfu_ ijb ^jm]bo f_lh^Zo ZgZebaZ b ^_fb_ebgbabjmxsb_ aZ[he_\Zgby hkh[_ggh jZkk_ygguc kde_jha

IhabljhggZy wfbkkbhggZy lhfh]jZnby IWL

We_f_glu dbkehjh^Z m]e_jh^Z b ZahlZ k dhjhldbf i_jbh^hf ihemjZkiZ^Z baemqZxsb_ ihabljhgu bkihevamxlky dZd f_ldZ hj]Zgbq_kdbo khklZ\eyxsbogZijbf_j ]exdhau Zfbghdbkehlu b g_cjhf_^bZlhjh\ dhlhju_ \\h^ylky \ hj]Zgbaf k ihfhsvx bgt_dpbb beb bg]Zeypbb <u^_ey_fZy wg_j]by gZdZieb\Z_lky ^_l_dlhjZfb kpbglbeeypbb b ih^kqblu\Z_lky gZ dhfivxl_j_ K ihfhsvx lhfh]jZnbb fh`gh k^_eZlv dZd [u ihi_j_qguc kj_a fha]Z b \u\_klb bah[jZ`_gb_ gZ wdjZg Dhebq_kl\_ggu_ j_amevlZlu hdZaZebkv ki_pbnbq_kdbfb ^ey hij_^_e_gguo nmgdpbc gZijbf_j lZdbo dZd kdhjhklv djh\hlhdZ f_lZ[hebaf dbkehjh^Z beb ]exdhau b ^jm]bo keh`guo nbabheh]bq_kdbo nmgdpbc LZdbf kihkh[hf fh`gh

ijhba\h^blv dhgljhev gZjmr_gbc f_lZ[hebafZ k\yaZgguo k aZ[he_\Zgb_f b ^_ckl\b_f f_^bdZf_glh\ Jy^hf k ihabljhgguf wfbkkbhgguf lhfh]jZnhf lj_[m_lky ki_pbZevgZy eZ[hjZlhjby ^ey ba]hlh\e_gby jZ^bhbahlhih\ k dhjhldbf i_jbh^hf ihemjZkiZ^Z

Dhfivxl_jgZy lhfh]jZnby DL

Fbgmlgu_ dhe_[Zgby \ jZ^bh]jZnbq_kdhc iehlghklb fha]h\uo ldZg_c baf_jyxlky k ihfhsvx bklhqgbdZ j_gl]_gh\kdh]h baemq_gby b qm\kl\bl_evguo ^_l_dlhjh\ jZkiheh`_gguo \hdjm] ]heh\u >_kyldb lukyq kqblu\Zgbc i_j_jZ[Zlu\Zxlky dhfivxl_jhf b hlghkbl_evgZy iehlghklv ldZg_c ihjy^dZ lukyqb hl^_evguo ahg \ ij_^_eZo h^gh]h mqZkldZ fha]Z \u\h^ylky gZ wdjZg dZlh^gh emq_\hc ljm[db DZjlbgZ h^gh]h mqZkldZ fha]Z ij_^klZ\e_ggZy lZdbf h[jZahf aZl_f j_]bkljbjm_lky nhlh]jZnbq_kdbf iml_f ;hevrbf ij_bfms_kl\hf DL kdZgbjh\Zgby y\ey_lky lhl nZdl qlh hgh y\ey_lky lhqguf g_bg\Zab\guf b jbkd kf_jl_evgh]h bkoh^Z k\h^blky d fbgbfmfm K ihfhsvx DL fh`gh ihemqblv bah[jZ`_gb_ [hevrbgkl\Z ih\j_`^_gbc ij_\urZxsbo kf \ ^bZf_lj_ Djhf_ lh]h fh`gh hij_^_eblv jZaf_j `_em^hqdh\ b bo kf_s_gb_ lZd `_ dZd b kf_s_gb_ km[ZjZoghb^Zevgh]h ijhkljZgkl\Z Fh`gh lZd`_ m\b^_lv fha]h\mx dhjm b [ZaZevgu_ y^jZ G_dhlhju_ gZjmr_gby h^gZdh g_evay hij_^_eblv k ihfhsvx dhfivxl_jghc lhfh]jZnbb beb ba aZ lh]h qlh iehlghklv ih\j_`^_gguo ldZg_c fZeh hlebqZ_lky hl iehlghklb a^hjh\uo ldZg_c GZ jbk ² ijb\h^ylky ijbf_ju beexkljbjmxsb_ dhfivxl_jgh lhfh]jZnbq_kdh_ bah[jZ`_gb_ himoheb Z[kp_kkZ km[^mjZevghc ]_fZlhfu br_fbb ]_fhjjZ]bb hkljh]h jZkk_yggh]h kde_jhaZ b Zljhnbb fha]Z KdZgbjh\Zgb_ k ihfhsvx DL lZd`_ ijbf_gy_lky ijb ^_f_gpbb ^_ebjbb b ^ey hij_^_e_gby hj]Zgbq_kdh]h ihjZ`_gby ]heh\gh]h fha]Z M\_ebq_gb_ eZl_jZevguo `_em^hqdh\ fha]Z hij_^_ey_fh_ k ihfhsvx dhfivxl_jghc lhfh]jZnbb qZklh gZ[ex^Z_lky ijb rbahnj_gbb

BAF?J?GB? J?=BHG:EVGH=H FHA=H<H=H DJH<HLHD:

Baf_j_gb_ j_]bhgZevgh]h p_j_[jZevgh]h djh\hlhdZ ijhba\h^blky k ihfhsvx \^uoZgby dk_ghgZ >O_ @ jZ^bhbahlhigh_ ]ZffZ baemq_gb_ gbadhc wg_j]bb dhlhjuc k\h[h^gh ijhgbdZ_l q_j_a ]_fZlhwgp_nZebq_kdbc [Zjv_j y\eyykv bg_jlguf ]Zahf >_l_dlhju hij_^_eyxl kdhjhklv hqbs_gby jZaebqguo fha]h\uo ldZg_c hl>O_ @ k_jh_ \_s_kl\h hqbsZ_lky [ukljh [_eh_²f_^e_ggh Wlhl f_lh^ ^Z_l p_ggu_ j_amevlZlu ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb aZ[he_\Zgbc ijb dhlhjuo bf__lky mf_gvr_gb_ h[t_fZ fha]h\hc ldZgbgZijbf_j ^_f_gpbb br_fbb b Zljhnbb L_kl fh`gh k^_eZlv [ukljh hg y\ey_lky hlghkbl_evgh g_^hjh]bf Z ^haZ h[emq_gby g_\ukhdZ Ij_^\Zjbl_evgu_ ^Zggu_ ihdZau\Zxl qlh m [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c bf__l f_klh mf_gvr_gb_ ^hjkheZl_jZevghc njhglZevghc ^heb fha]Z mf_gvr_gb_ p_j_[jZevgh]h djh\hlhdZ ]bihnjhglZevghklv b ih\ur_gb_ djh\hlhdZ \ e_\hf ihemrZjbb < i_jbh^ hkeZ[e_gby kbfilhfZlbdb m [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c gbdZdbo hlebqbc g_l Kgb`_gb_ kdhjhklb djh\hlhdZ \ ijZ\hf ihemrZjbb h[gZjm`b\Z_lky m g_dhlhjuo ^_ij_kkb\guo [hevguo Bkke_^h\Zgby k ihfhsvx wlh]h l_klZ _s_ gZoh^ylky \ klZ^bb jZa\blby

=eZ\Z

LBIBQGU? IJBAG:DB B KBFILHFU IKBOBQ?KDBO A:;HE?<:GBC

, KhagZgb_ khklhygb_ iha\heyxs__ hjb_glbjh\Zlvky \ hdjm`Zxs_f fbj_ b

kh[kl\_gghc ebqghklb

:ii_jp_ipby \hkijbylb_ \b^hbaf_g_ggh_ kh[kl\_ggufb wfhpbyfb b fure_gb_f K_gkhjghklv khklhygb_ h[mkeh\e_ggh_ nmgdpb_c k_gkhjguo kbkl_fbgh]^Z bkihevam_lky dZd kbghgbf khagZgby

: GZjmr_gb_ khagZgby

>_ahjb_glbjh\dZ gZjmr_gb_ hjb_glbjh\db \h \j_f_gb f_kl_ b kh[kl\_gghc ebqghklb

IhfjZq_gb_ khagZgby g_ihegh_ g_hlq_leb\h_ hkhagZgb_ hdjm`Zxs_]h k gZjmr_gb_f \hkijbylby b ijZ\bevgh]h hlghr_gby d k\h_fm khklhygbx

Klmihj hlkmlkl\b_ j_Zdpbb b ihegh]h hkhagZgby hdjm`Zxs_]h

>_ebjbc bkim] kimlZgghklv fuke_c lj_\h`ghklv h[mkeh\e_ggu_ ]ZeexpbgZpbyfb kljZrgufb ih kh^_j`Zgbx

DhfZ khklhygb_ ihegh]h hlkmlkl\by khagZgby

;h^jkl\mxsZy dhfZ dhfZ ijb dhlhjhc [hevghc dZd [m^lh kibl gh _]h fh`gh jZa[m^blv ba\_klgZ lZd`_ dZd Zdbg_lbq_kdbc fmlbaf

Kmf_j_qgh_ khagZgb_ gZjmr_gb_ khagZgby k ]ZeexpbgZpbyfb

Ijhkhghqgh_ khklhygb_ qZklh bkihevam_lky dZd kbghgbf ikbohfhlhjghc wibe_ikbb

Khfghe_glghklv iZlheh]bq_kdZy khgeb\hklv gZb[he__ qZklh gZ[ex^ZxsZyky ijb hj]Zgbq_kdhf ihjZ`_gbb fha]Z

; GZjmr_gb_ \gbfZgby \gbfZgb_ _klv kh\hdmighklv mkbebc h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo nhdmkbjh\Zgb_ gZ hij_^_e_gguo i_j_`b\Zgbyo kihkh[ghklv khkj_^hlhqb\Zlvky gZ h^ghc ^_yl_evghklb

Hl\e_dZ_fhklv g_kihkh[ghklv kdhgp_gljbjh\Zlv \gbfZgb_ khklhygb_ dh]^Z \gbfZgb_ gZijZ\e_gh b gZ \Z`gu_ b gZ g_j_e_\Zglgu_ \g_rgb_ klbfmeu

K_e_dlb\gh_ g_\gbfZgb_ \gbfZgb_ lhevdh d l_f klbfmeZf dhlhju_ \uau\Zxl lj_\h]m

GZjmr_gby ih^Zleb\hklv b hlkmlkl\b_ djblbdb d b^_b \gmr_gby

)ROLH D GGHX[ RU IROLH D¶WURLV bg^mpbjh\Zgb_ ^jm]bo ebp kbevgufb wfhpbhgZevgufb i_j_`b\Zgbyfb k\yaZggufb k [he_agvx \ j_amevlZl_ _x dZd [u aZ[he_\Zxl kjZam ^\Z ljb q_eh\_dZ

=bigha bkdmkkl\_ggh \uau\Z_fh_ baf_g_gb_ khagZgby oZjZdl_jbamxs__ky ih\ur_gghc \gmrZ_fhklvx

,, Wfhpbb khklhygb_ ijb dhlhjhf km[t_dl bkiulu\Z_l keh`gu_ i_j_`b\Zgby k\yaZggu_ k nbabq_kdbfb khfZlbq_kdbfb jZa^jZ`bl_eyfb beb k j_amevlZlZfb kh[kl\_gguo ^_ckl\bc h[mkeh\eb\Zxsbfb khhl\_lkl\mxsbc Znn_dl b gZkljh_gby

: :nn_dl hsms_gb_ wfhpbb \ujZ`_gghc [hevguf b gZ[ex^Z_fhc ^jm]bfb :nn_dl bf__l \g_rgb_ nhjfu ijhy\e_gby ih dhlhjuf fh`gh h g_f km^blv :nn_dl baf_gy_lky k l_q_gb_f \j_f_gb \ hl\_l gZ baf_g_gb_ wfhpbhgZevgh]h khklhygby

:^_d\Zlguc Znn_dl ghjfZevgh_ khklhygb_ dh]^Z \g_rgb_ wfhpbb ]Zjfhgbjmxl k kh^_j`Zgb_f b^_b fukeb beb j_qb

G_Z^_d\Zlguc Znn_dl g_khhl\_lkl\b_ f_`^m wfhpbhgZevguf \ujZ`_gb_f b kfukeh\uf kh^_j`Zgb_f b^_b fukeb beb j_qb

AgZqbl_evgh_ ijblmie_gb_ Znn_dlZ gZjmr_gb_ Znn_dlZ \ujZ`Zxs__ky \ kbevghf kgb`_gbb bgl_gkb\ghklb _]h \g_rg_]h \ujZ`_gby

F_g__ kbevgh_ ijblmie_gb_ Znn_dlZ kgb`_gb_ \g_rg_c \ujZ`_gghklb Znn_dlZ g_ lZdh_ kbevgh_ dZd \ kemqZ_ ijblmie_gby Znn_dlZ gh ^hklZlhqgh hlq_leb\h

\ujZ`_ggh_

:nn_dlb\gZy lmihklv ihegh_ beb ihqlb ihegh_ hlkmlkl\b_ dZdbo [u lh gb [ueh ijbagZdh\ Znn_dlZ fhghlhgghklv j_qb©g_ih^\b`gh_ªebph

EZ[bevghklv Znn_dlZ [uklju_ b j_adb_ baf_g_gby wfhpbc g_ k\yaZggu_ k \g_rgbfb jZa^jZ`bl_eyfb

; GZkljh_gb_ jZkijhkljZg_ggu_ b mklhcqb\u_ wfhpbhgZevgu_ i_j_`b\Zgby [hevgh]h h dhlhjuo hg ihklhyggh ]h\hjbl ijbf_jZfb y\eyxlky ^_ij_kkby ijbih^gylh_ gZkljh_gb_ ]g_\

>bknhjbq_kdh_ gZkljh_gb_ km[t_dlb\gh ly`_eh_ wfhpbhgZevgh_ khklhygb_

Wmlbfgh_ gZkljh_gb_ dhe_[Zgby gZkljh_gby \ ghjfZevghf ^bZiZahg_ l _ hlkmlkl\b_ ^_ij_kkb\gh]h beb ijbih^gylh]h gZkljh_gby

WdkiZgkb\gh_ gZkljh_gb_ g_\ha^_j`Zgghklv \ \ujZ`_gbb k\hbo qm\kl\ qZklh k i_j_hp_gdhc kh[kl\_gghc agZqbl_evghklb b \Z`ghklb

JZa^jZ`bl_evgh_ gZkljh_gb_ [ukljh_ \hagbdgh\_gb_ jZa^jZ`_gby b kdehgghklv d ]g_\eb\uf j_Zdpbyf

Dhe_[Zgby gZkljh_gby q_j_^h\Zgb_ i_jbh^h\ wcnhjbb k i_jbh^Zfb ^_ij_kkbb b lj_\h]b

Ijbih^gylh_ gZkljh_gb_ khklhygb_ dhlhjh_ oZjZdl_jbam_lky kZfhm\_j_gghklvx b qm\kl\hf jZ^hklb gZkljh_gb_ [he__ ijbih^gylh_ q_f \ ghjf_ gh g_ h[yaZl_evgh iZlheh]bq_kdh_

Wcnhjby kbevgh ijbih^gylh_ gZkljh_gb_ khijh\h`^Zxs__ky qm\kl\hf ]jZg^bhaghklb

WdklZa qm\kl\h h]jhfgh]h \hklhj]Z

>_ij_kkby ikbobq_kdh_ jZkkljhckl\h hsms_gby \ nhjf_ \_ebdh]h kljZ^Zgby

:g]_^hgby ihl_jy bgl_j_kZ dh \k_f \b^Zf Zdlb\ghklb dhlhju_ jZgvr_ ^hklZ\eyeb m^h\hevkl\b_ b moh^ hl gbo qZklh k\yaZgu k ^_ij_kkb_c

Hsms_gb_ ]hjy b i_qZeb kljZ^Zgby Z^_d\Zlgu_ j_Zevghfm ]hjx

:e_dkblbfby g_\hafh`ghklv hibkZlv beb hkhagZlv k\hb kh[kl\_ggu_ wfhpbb b gZkljh_gb_

< >jm]b_ wfhpbb

Lj_\h]Z hsms_gb_ kljZoZ k\yaZggh_ k ij_^qm\kl\byfb [_^u h`b^Z_fhc ba\g_ beb k kh[kl\_gghc [he_agvx

=_g_jZebah\ZggZy lj_\h]Z rbjhdh jZkijhkljZg_gguc kljZo g_ nhdmkbjh\Zgguc gZ dZdhc eb[h hij_^_e_gghc b^__

KljZo lj_\h]Z k\yaZggZy k hkhagZgguf \hkijbylb_f j_Zevghc hiZkghklb

:`blZpby lj_\h]Z khijh\h`^ZxsZyky kbevguf ^\b]Zl_evguf \ha[m`^_gb_fGZijy`_ggh_ khklhygb_ ^\b]Zl_evgh_ b ikbobq_kdh_ \ha[m`^_gby ly`_eh

i_j_`b\Z_fu_ km[t_dlb\gh

IZgbdZ hklju_ \g_aZigu_ bgl_gkb\gu_ ijbklmiu lj_\h]b k\yaZggu_ k qm\kl\hf kljZoZ b \_]_lZlb\gufb ijhy\e_gbyfb

:iZlby jZkkljhckl\h wfhpbhgZevghc kn_ju ijhy\eyxs__ky \ \yehklb hlkmlkl\bb `_eZgbc [_ajZaebqbb d hdjm`Zxs_fm

:f[b\Ze_glghklv khkms_kl\h\Zgb_ ^\mo ZglZ]hgbklbq_kdbo l_g^_gpbc ih hlghr_gbx d h^ghfm b lhfm `_ h[t_dlm m h^gh]h b lh]h `_ ebpZ \ h^gh b lh `_ \j_fy

= Nbabheh]bq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby k\yaZggu_ k gZkljh_gb_f ijbagZdb hlghkysb_ky d khfZlbq_kdhc h[uqgh \_]_lZlb\ghc ^bknmgdpbb km[t_dlZ qZs_ \k_]h hgb h[mkeh\e_gu ^_ij_kkb_c gZau\Zxlky lZd`_ \_]_lZlb\gufb ijhy\e_gbyfb

:ghj_dkby kgb`_gb_ beb ihegh_ hlkmlkl\b_ Zii_lblZ;_kkhggbpZ gZjmr_gb_ beb ihegh_ hlkmlkl\b_ kgZ Z gZqZevgZy klZ^by ljm^gh_ aZkuiZgb_

[ kj_^gyy g_h^ghdjZlgu_ ijh[m`^_gby \ l_q_gb_ ghqb ljm^ghklv aZkgmlv hiylv \ aZdexqbl_evgZy jZgg__ ijh[m`^_gb_ ih mljZf

=bi_jkhfgby iZlheh]bq_kdZy khgeb\hklv

Kgb`_ggh_ eb[b^h hlkmlkl\b_ bgl_j_kZ d k_dkmZevghc `bagb kgb`_gb_ k_dkmZevghc Zdlb\ghklb

AZihj hlkmlkl\b_ ZdlZ ^_n_dZpbb beb aZljm^g_gb_ ijb _]h hkms_kl\e_gbb

,,, >\b]Zl_evgh_ ih\_^_gb_ ijhba\hevgu_ ^_ckl\by Zki_dl ikbobq_kdhc Zdlb\ghklb \dexqZxsbc bfimevkb\gu_ ^_ckl\by fhlb\Zpbx `_eZgby \e_q_gby bgklbgdlu beb kljZklgu_ `_eZgby

: GZjmr_gby h[s_gby

WoheZeby ikbohiZlheh]bq_kdh_ jZkkljhckl\h ijhy\eyxs__ky \ lhf qlh h^gh ebph ih\lhjy_l keh\Z beb njZau kdZaZggu_ ^jm]bf ebphf

WohijZdkby ikbohiZlheh]bq_kdh_ jZkkljhckl\h ijhy\eyxs__ky \ ih\lhj_gbb ^\b`_gby ^jm]h]h ebpZ

<_j[b]_jZpby [_kkfuke_ggh_ ih\lhj_gb_ h^gbo b l_o `_ njZa

DZlZlhgby gZjmr_gby ^\b]Zl_evghc Zdlb\ghklb g_hj]Zgbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ

Z DZlZe_ikby h[sbc l_jfbg oZjZdl_jbamxsbc ihklhyggh ih^^_j`b\Z_fh_ [hevguf g_ih^\b`gh_ iheh`_gb_

[ <ha[m`^_gb_ Z`blbjh\ZggZy [_kp_evgZy ^\b]Zl_evgZy Zdlb\ghklv \ua\ZggZy \g_rgbfb jZa^jZ`bl_eyfb

\ Klmihj kbevgh_ aZf_^e_gb_ ^\b]Zl_evghc Zdlb\ghklb qZklh \iehlv ^h g_ih^\b`ghklb b dZ`ms__ky hlkmlkl\b_ \hkijbylby hdjm`Zxs_]h

] Jb]b^ghklv khojZg_gb_ g_ih^\b`gh]h iheh`_gby l_eZ g_kfhljy gZ ihiuldb d ^\b`_gbx

^©Ihabjh\Zgb_ªgZjhqblh_ ijbgylb_ g_m^h[ghc beb ijbqm^eb\hc ihau h[uqgh ih^^_j`b\Z_fhc \ l_q_gb_ ^ebl_evgh]h \j_f_gb

_ &HUHD IOH[LELOLWDV \hkdh\Zy ]b[dhklv iZpb_glm fh`gh ijb^Zlv ex[h_ iheh`_gb_ b hg aZl_f _]h ih^^_j`b\Z_l Dh]^Z \jZq iulZ_lky ijbdhkgmlvky d _]h dhg_qghklb hg hsmsZ_l qlh wlZ dhg_qghklv dZd [m^lh k^_eZgZ ba \hkdZ

` G_]Zlb\baf g_fhlb\bjh\Zggh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ iZpb_glZ \k_f ihiuldZf aZklZ\blv _]h ^\b]Zlvky beb ke_^h\Zlv dZdbf [u lh gb [ueh bgkljmdpbyf

DZlZie_dkby \j_f_ggZy mljZlZ fur_qgh]h lhgmkZ b keZ[hklv \hagbdZxsb_ h[uqgh ijb kbevguo wfhpbyo

j_qb Kl_j_hlbiby ih\lhj_gb_ h^gbo b l_o `_ ^\b`_gbc beb ^\b]Zl_evguo iZll_jgh\

FZg_jghklv kl_j_hlbigu_ g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby

:\lhfZlbaf kZfhijhba\hevgh_ \uiheg_gb_ ^_ckl\bc ij_^klZ\eyxsbo kh[hc [_kkhagZl_evgmx kbf\hebq_kdmx Zdlb\ghklv

Bfi_jZlb\guc Z\lhfZlbaf Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ ke_^h\Zgb_ \gmr_gbx gZau\Z_lky lZd`_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdZy ih^qbgy_fhklv

Fmlbaf hlkmlkl\b_ j_q_\h]h h[s_gby [_a kljmdlmjguo gZjmr_gbc j_q_\h]h ZiiZjZlZ

=bi_jj_Zdlb\ghklv

Z IkbohfhlhjgZy Z`blZpby ba[ulhqgZy Zdlb\ghklv dZd ijZ\beh

g_ijh^mdlb\gZy Z \hagbdZxsZy \ hl\_l gZ \gmlj_gg__ gZijy`_gb_

[ =bi_jZdlb\ghklv ]bi_jdbg_a [_kihdhckl\h Z]j_kkb\ghklv kdehgghklv d jZajmrbl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb

\ Lbd g_ijhba\hevgu_ kiZklbq_kdb_ ^\b`_gby

] Kghoh`^_gb_ khfgZf[mebaf ^\b]Zl_evgZy Zdlb\ghklv \h \j_fy kgZ ^ Dhfimevkb\ghklv g_ij_h^hebfh_ \e_q_gb_ b ih[m`^_gb_ d ih\lhjghfm kh\_jr_gbx dZdh]h eb[h ^_ckl\by

>bikhfZgby \e_q_gb_ d Zedh]hexDe_ilhfZgby \e_q_gb_ d \hjh\kl\m

GbfnhfZgby qj_af_jgZy b dhfimevkb\gZy ihlj_[ghklv \ iheh\hf Zdl_ m `_gsbg

KZlbjbZabk qj_af_jgZy b dhfimevkb\gZy ihlj_[ghklv \ iheh\hf Zdl_ m fm`qbgLjbohlbeehfZgby \u^_j]b\Zgb_ kh[kl\_gguo \hehk

JblmZe Z\lhfZlbq_kdZy Zdlb\ghklv dhfimevkb\gZy ih oZjZdl_jm kh\_jrZ_fZy k p_evx j_^mdpbb lj_\h]b

=bihZdlb\ghklv ]bihdbg_aby ihgb`_ggZy Zdlb\ghklv beb j_lZj^Zpby ih^h[gZy ikbohfhlhjghc j_lZj^Zpbb hlq_leb\h_ aZf_^e_gb_ fure_gby j_qb ^\b`_gbc

Fbfbdjby ijhklZy ih^jZ`Zl_evgZy ^\b]Zl_evgZy Zdlb\ghklv oZjZdl_jgZy ^ey ^_lkdh]h i_jbh^Z

:]j_kkby gZkbevkl\_ggu_ p_e_gZijZ\e_ggu_ ^_ckl\by \_j[Zevgu_ beb nbabq_kdb_ y\eyxsb_ky ^\b]Zl_evghc khklZ\eyxs_c Znn_dlZ ]g_\Z yjhklb beb \jZ`^_[ghklb

,9 Fure_gb_ p_e_gZijZ\e_ggZy kbkl_fZ b^_c kbf\heh\ b ZkkhpbZpbc \hagbdZxsZy \ ijhp_kk_ \uiheg_gby aZ^Zqb b ijb\h^ysZy d \ujZ[hld_ ijZ\bevgh]h j_r_gby fure_gb_ ghjfZevgh _keb _]h j_amevlZlhf y\ey_lky eh]bq_kdZy kbkl_fZ \u\h^h\ IZjZijZdkby hlklmie_gb_ hl eh]bq_kdh]h oh^Z fure_gby gZau\Z_fh_ lZd`_ ©nj_c^bklkdbfb khkdZevau\ZgbyfbªkqblZxlky ijhy\e_gb_f ghjfZevgh]h fure_gby

: Nhjfu gZjmr_gby fure_gby

Mfkl\_ggZy g_^hklZlhqghklv jZkkljhckl\h ijhy\eyxs__ky \ ih\_^_gbb beb ikboheh]bq_kdhc kn_j_ \ \b^_ g_ kh\k_f Z^_d\Zlguo j_Zdpbc gZ hij_^_e_ggu_ kh[ulby k\yaZggu_ k i_j_`bluf ]hj_f beb [he_agvx

G_\jha ikbobq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby ijb dhlhjuo hp_gdZ j_Zevguo kh[ulbc g_ gZjmr_gZ Z kbfilhfu [he_agb ijhy\eyxlky dZd w]h ^bklhgby hsms_gb_ ]hjy beb g_ijbylguo i_j_`b\Zgbc gZjmr_gby ih\_^_gby h[uqgh g_ \uoh^yl aZ ij_^_eu h[s_kl\_gguo ghjf b h[uqgh [hevghc fh`_l k gbfb kijZ\blvky beb `_ hgb bkq_aZxl [_a e_q_gby

Ikboha g_kihkh[ghklv hlebqblv j_Zevghklv hl \u^mfdb gZjmr_gby hp_gdb j_Zevguo kh[ulbc b kha^Zgb_ \ k\h_f \hh[jZ`_gbb ^jm]hc ^_ckl\bl_evghklb

fbj_ Hp_gdZ j_Zevguo kh[ulbc h[t_dlb\gZy hp_gdZ b km`^_gb_ h[ hdjm`Zxs_fGZjmr_gby nhjfZevgh]h fure_gby gZjmr_gby dZkZxsb_ky nhjfu Z g_ kh^_j`Zgby fuke_c fure_gb_ oZjZdl_jbam_lky gZjmr_gb_f ZkkhpbZpbc g_heh]bafZfb b Zeh]bqgufb ihkljh_gbyfb fuke_c lZdb_ gZjmr_gby fukebl_evgh]h ijhp_kkZ

jZkkfZljb\Zxlky dZd ijhy\e_gb_ ikbohaZ

G_eh]bqgh_ fure_gb_ fure_gb_ oZjZdl_jbamxs__ky hrb[hqgufb aZdexq_gbyfb beb \gmlj_ggbfb ijhlb\hj_qbyfb jZkp_gb\Z_lky dZd ijhy\e_gb_