Pluznikov_Terminy
.pdf
bIJIAili. KpbITbIH KOPOH mlBeC Ha,fl KOTnaMH 06Il\eCTBeHHOrO O'Iara B II,eHTpe 6aIIIKHpCKOrO CeHOKOCHOrO CToii6HIII,a.
bIH,lJ;bIP. 1 3a,flHHH a60p (1) KpecTMIHCKOH ycaab6bl cepra'ICKHXTaTap-MHIIIa- peii, BKnIO'IaIOIl\Hii B ce6S1 TOK AnSI MOnOTb6b1, puzy HnH 06UH (HHorAa H 6aHIO). 2 TOK B 6anKapcKoii ycaab6e, B II,eHTpe KOToporo HaXO,flHncSI cTon6 C peMHeM ,fIml 6bIKOB, BblTanTbIBaBIIIHX 3epHo H3 KonocbeB, - ,fInSl nocne,flYIOIl\ero pa3Mona BOASlHOii HnH PY'IHoii MenbHHQeii.
bIHJIY. HblH.!lY.
bIPrAK. ,lJ;epeBSlHHaH BeIIIanKa B BRAe MYTOBKH, npHKpenneHHaH K 6anKe
KPbtUlU B Kapa'IaeBCKOM,fIOMe.
bICTbIK. EaIIIKHpcKaSl KOnTHJIbHH, COCTOSlIl\aH H3 ,fIBYX 'IacTeii, KOTopble coeAHHSlIOTCSI ,fIbIMOXO,f\OM co CJIa6bIM YKJIOHOM: B OAHOH (SIMa C paCIIIHpeHHeM HH)Ke ypOBHH 3eMnH HJIH 3arJIy6neHHbIH B Hee cpy6) pa3BO,flHTCSI orOHb, B ,fIPyroii (B BHAe cpy6a) Ha )Kep,flO'IKaXBbIBeIIIHBalOTCSI H nOABepralOTCSI KOn'IeHHIO 3arOTOBKH H3 KO)KH AJISI 60JIbIIIHX cocyAOB nOA KYMbIC.
141
-141-
3rHKPAHHll. .D:eKopaTHBHhIH ,me- |
3KCE.D:PA. EOJIhIIIIDI apO'lHmlHHIIIa C |
MeHT B <POpMe K03hero '1eperra. |
~yroo6pa3HhlM rrJIaHOM. |
3.D:I1KYITA. 1 HHIIIa B xpaMe, <pJIaHKHpOBaHHaH nUllRcmpaMu HJIH
MU, KOTophIe rrO~~ep:lKHBaIOT
mOH. 2 KaTOJIH'IeCKaH 'taC081lR (1) C fjJpOllm01l0M Ha~ allmaMU, KOAOllllaMU
HJIH nUllRCmpaMU, <pJIaHKHpYIOIIIHMH
BXO~.
3)1(HK. .D:Beph TYBHHCKOH IOpmbt.
33. E3.
3K3ArOH. reK3alO1l.
3K3EPIJ;HPrAY3. yrrpa:lKHeHHH B BepxoBoH e3~e, MalIeJIC.
3KHKAT lOll.
MhIKCKHH ~OM.
3ITEPOH. He6oJIhIIIOlfl: AlOllem (1),
3arJIy6JIeHHhIH B pOB.
3K30Tbl. 3<p<peKTHhle rrapKoBhle HJIH cipaH:lKepeHHhle pacTeHHH C HpKO Bhlpa- :lKeHHhIMH
CTBaMH, He CBOHCTBeHHhle ~aHHOH MeCTHOCTH.
3KPAH. 3aCJIOH H3 ~epeBa, MaTepHH Ha KapKace JIH60 H3 MaTOBoro CTeKJIa, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMhIH rrepe~ KaMU1l0M HJIH
142
3ITITHHr. 1 (=raJIepHhIH capaH). llpH6pe:lKHOe 3~aHHe C HaKJIOHHhIM OCHOBaHHeM (CTarreJIeM), rrpe~Ha3Ha'leHHOe ~JIH cTPoHTeJIhCTBa H peMoHTa Cy~OB. 2 CoopY:lKeHHe ~JIH CTOJIHKH H peMoHTa
~HpH:lKa6JIeH.
3MllOPbl. B03Be~eHH:liI Ha nUllOllaX H orpaHH'IeHHaHnapanemOM wAepeR (1) B
3arra~HO-xpHcTHaHcKoM xpaMe.
3HrABA. OTKphITml WAepeR (1), orH6alOIIIaH C ~BYX HJIH Tpex CTOPOH HrroHcKHH DOM (1).
3HErE. .D:BepHoH rrpoeM HoraHcKoH
IOpmbt.
3HTA3HC. He3Ha'lHTeJIhHOerrJIaBHOe pacIIIHpeHHe CTBOJIa KOAOllllbt B ero HH:lKHeH rrOJIOBHHe, C03~a1OIIIee Brre'laTJIeHHe yrrpyrocTH OrrOphI.
3H3. HH3eHhKHH CTOJIHK B'IepKeCCKoM :lKHJIHIIIe.
3llI1CTHITb. Apxumpas.
3ITOITEMEHT. Bacmuoll C O~HHM
fjJacoM HJIH C O~HHM fjJAallKoM.
3llIIll1 .D:bAHbIT. )l(eHcKM rrOJIOBHHa aJITaHCKOH KOHH'IeCKOHIOpmbt.
3pr3H3r. llOCY~HhIH II1Ka<p, pacrroJIo- :lKeHHhIH BrrpaBo OT Bxo~a B 6ypHTCKYlO
IOpmy.
3prEfIEK. Kepeze.
3P .D:bAHbl. MY:lKCKaH rrOJIOBHHa aJITaHCKOH KOHH'IeCKOHIOpmbt.
3PKEP. BhlcTyrralOIIIHH H3 <paca~HoH rrJIOCKOCTH rrpH3MaTH'IeCKHH HJIH ~ JIHH~pH'IeCKHH BepTHKaJIhHhlH 06'heMC
OKHaMH, YBeJIH'IHBaIOIIIHH rrJIOIII~h BHYTpeHHero rrOMeIIIeHHH H yJIy'lIIlaIOIIIHH ero oCBeIIIeHHOCTh.
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:3 :3PMHTA>K - 3WACilOIlA>K
3PMMTA)K. IIaBUJlboll (1) B my6HHe rrapKa, rrpe,n;Ha3HaqeHHhlM ,n;ml ye,n;HHeHHoro pa3MbIIlIJIeHHSI, a TalOKe ,n;JISI KOH- u;epTOB H ,n;pyrHx HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHblX pa3BJIeqeHHM B Y3KOM Kpyry rocTeM.
3CMK. KyCOK BOMJIOKa, YTerrJISlIOIQHM
Ha 3HMy ,n;Bepb B HoraMCKYIO IOpmy.
3CKAPII. MCKYCCTBeHHoe 3eMJISIHOe rrperrSlTcTBHe, 06paIQeHHOe K rrpOTHBHHKy rrOqTH oTBecHOM KPYTH3HOM, KOTOpaSi oT,n;eJIeHa OT Hero pBOM.
3CKE 3M (=OJIO SlK). qHcTaSl, rrapa,n;- HaSi rrOJIOBHHa nRmUCmell1l0U 6aIlIKHpCKOM U36bt (1).
3CKE 3PJI3K (=MaTca). IIOTOJIoqHaSI
6aJIKa B 6aIlIKHpcKOM CeJIbCKOM oOMe
(1), - CM. Mamul{a (1).
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3XE Yr3. IIoJIKa ,n;JISI rrpe,n;MeTOB KYJIbTa, BCTpoeHHaSI B IO)KHYIO CTeHY py6JIeHOM IOpmbt 3arra,n;Hblx 6ypSiT.
3XMH (=rpeqeCKHM Ban). OCHOBHaSI qaCTb KanUmeJlU B oopU'teCKOM opoepe,
HMeIOru;aSl BH,n; ,n;HCKa CO cKpyrJIeHHbIM pe6pOM; pacrrOJIaraeTCSI Me)K,n;y CTBOJIOM
KOJlOllllbt H a6aKOU.
3IIIA<lJO.Il:AlK. IIpHMbIKaIOru;HM K KpenOcm1l0U CTeHe rrOMOCT AJISI apTHJIJIePHMCKOM CTpeJIb6bI qepe3 60UllUl{bt.
3CIIAHbOJIET. Pa3HoBH,n;HOCTb umUlllaJlema: 3arrHpaIOru;HM OKOHHble CTBOPKH BbICOKHM )KeJIe3Hblil: CTep)KeHb C rroBopoTHoil: BbITSIHYTOM PYKOSlTKOM B cpe,n;HeM qaCTH.
3CIIJIAHA.Il:A. 1 ApxHTeKTypHo opraHH30BaHHoe 06I1IHpHOe OTKpbIToe rrpocTpaHcTBo rrepe,n; 3,n;aHHeM, BKJIIOqaIOru;ee B ce6S1 ca,n;oBo-rrapKoBble napmepbt (1), a TalOKe I1IHpOKHe aJlJleu C <poHTaHaMH H cKYJIbrrTypaMH. 2 APXHTeKTypHo opraHH30BaHHoe OTKpbIToe rrpocTpaHcTBo Me)K,n;y l{UmaOeJlblO H perYJISIpHOM 3acTpoMKOM HaCeJIeHHOrO MeCTa.
3CTAKA.Il:A. 1 .Il:JIHHHbIM MOCT ,n;JISI TpaHCrrOpTa HJIH Tpy6orrpoBo,n;a, coopy- )KeHHbIM Ha cToJI6ax H rrpHrro,n;HSlTbIM Ha,n; cYllieM. 2 IIpHqanbHbIM rrOMOCT Ha CBaSlX, ,n;orrycKaIOru;HM rrpoxo,n; H rrpoe3,n; rro,n; HHM. 3 IIo,n;Bo,n;Hoe CBaU1l0e 3arpa- )K,ll;eHHe.
3TAlKEPKA. IIpe,n;Ha3HaqeHHble ,n;JISI xpaHeHHSI KHHr H 6e3,n;eJIYIlIeK rrOJIKH B HeCKOJIbKO RpyCOB, coe,n;HHeHHble rro yrJIaM cmOUKaMU H He HMeIOru;He CIIJIOIlIHbIX 60KOBbIX CTeHOK.
3TYAJIb. 3Be3,n;oo6pa3Hoe rrepeceqeHHe aJlJleu B rrapKe.
3<IJEMEPM.Il:bl. JIerKHe rrapKOBble coopY)KeHHSI, HMHTHpYIOru;He MOHYMeHTaJIbHYIO apXHTeKTYPY JIH60 paCCqHTaHHble Ha rrpexo,n;Slru;ee HeO)KH,n;aHHoe BrreqaTJIeHHe.
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ЮЗГЕРЕ. Площадка для дойки коз, в карачаевской усадьбе.
ЮЙ. Дом в карачаевской усадьбе,
имеющий вид прямоугольного сруба с
двускатной земляной крышей (посте пенно зарастающей травой) и навесом
на столбах, который примыкает к продольной стене с дверью. 2 Ногай ский до'м (1) с белеными стенами из сырцовою кирпича. 3 Жилище кумы
ков.
ЮМЫ. Стенки из кирпичей, приго
товленных к обжигу.
ЮРЗЭк. Зскэ эрлэк.
ЮРТ. 1 Казачья станица со всеми зем лями и постройками. 2 Кумыкское селение. 3 Кочевое владение.
ЮРТА. Центрическое жилище с кар касной основой либо бревенчатыми
стенами, свойственное кочевым и
полуоседлым народам.
144
51EJIOKO. Opepa rroA KpeCTOM, BeHqalOIIJ;HM xpaM, JIH60 rroA MeTaJIJHfqeCKHM rrparropOM HJIH CHJIY3THOH qmrypOH aHreJIa B 3aBepIlleHHH 6autI-lu
51EhIY.5InMa.
51rEJIJIOHCKllll KPECT. JIomapuHlCKUU Kpecm.
513hI'IKll.PacrrOJIO)KeHHble B qaCTOM MepHoM pHTMe Y3KHe cTyrreHqaTble Kp01llumeuHbl (06hlqHO KHprrHqHhle), rrOAAep)KHBalOIIJ;He KapHu3.
51M. CTaHIIHoHHoe cTPoeHHe Ha TpaKTe.
51MHhIll OBIIH. OaUH B BH)l;e cpy6a HaA ~MOH, B KOTOPOH pa3BoA~T KOCTCP AJI~ CyIllKH CHorrOB.
51MCKA5I. 3aropoAHa~ c.no6ooa (1)
HJIH qaCTb 2Opooa (2), r)l;e )KHJIH
~MIIJ;HKH H HX ceMhH.
51HYP,D,hIK. Y3Ka~ JIaBKa BAOJIh 60KOBOH CTeHbI B U36ax (1) TaTap-MHIllapeH.
51I1MA. HaBec C )Kep)l;eBOH cTeHKOJ1, rrpHMbIKalOIIJ;eil: K )l;pyrHM coopY)KeHMM )l;BOpOBOro KOMrrJIeKCa B 6aIllKHpcKOH
ycaob6e.
51PAHrA. KpbIToe OJIeHbHMH IllKypaMH Ha3eMHoe )KHJIHIIJ;e 3CKHMOCOB H qYKqeH, HMelOIIJ;ee KapKac H3 )Kep)l;eH H 6aJIOK.
5iPOCJIABCKA5I
rOpH30HTaJIbHOe 3aBepIlleHHe rrpoeMa, CJIO)KeHHOe H3 rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIX rrp~Mo yrOJIbHblX KHprrHqeH, KOTopble CHMMe-
145
TPHqHO pacrrOJIO)KeHhI C He60JIbIllHM HaKJIOHOM )l;ByM~ rpyrrrraMH rro o6e CTOPOHbI OT Cpe)l;HerO KHprrHqa, 06KOJIOToro B BH)l;e KJIHHa oCTpHeM BHH3.
51PYC. Ka)K)l;bIH H3 3JIeMeHTOB, COCTaBJI5IKlIl\HX o6beMHYlO KOMII03HIIHlO (o6beM C qeTKHMH rpaHHIIaMH IIO ropH30HTaJIH, P~A rrpoeMoB H T. rr.).
51PYC 3BOHA. 3aoH.
51Ph-CIIEIIPKA. CBeTJIO-3eJIeHa~
KpacKa (06bl'-lHOKJIeeBa~), yrroTpe6JI~B
Illa~c~ B MaJI~pHhIX pa6oTax.
51CJIll. KopMYIllKa AJI~ CKOTa, C HaKJIOHHOH peIlleTKoH, YKperrJIeHHOH Ha CTenc.
51CI111C (=HacIIHc, aCIIHA). 51uIMa.
51TKA. I1aJIaTKa Ha 6a3ape.
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fIPHJIO)l(EHHE fIEPBOE
TepMl1Hbl
repaJlbAl1Kl1
repaJIhAHKa - JlOKaJIhHlUI OOJlaCTh 3HaHIDI Ha rpaHH~e
HCTOPHH H rrpHKJlMHOro HCKYCCTBa. IIpH 3TOM repOhl,
COCTaBJIRIO~e COAep)l(aHHe 3TOii crre~<pHtlecKoii
HayqHoii AHC~HHhI, He TaK yx peAKO BCTPeqalOTCR B rraMRTHHKax apXHTeKTyphI - HarrpHMep, BO <pPOHTOHe 3AaHIDI, B Jlarrax CKYJlhrrTypHoro JlhBa rrpH B'be3Ae B YCMhOY, Ha rrOBepXHOCTH HaArpOOIDI. TepMHHOJlO-
I"IDI, KOTopaR rrpHc~a repaJlhAHKe, CBoeoopa3Ha H rropoii OTJlHtlaeTCR KaK OT oo~errpHHRToro R3hIKa (Ha-
rrpHMep, B 0003HaqeHHH rrpaBoii H JleBoii CTOPOH ~HTa
B repoe), TaK H OT apXHTeKTypHoro (HarrpHMep, B TOJlKOBaHHH CJlOB «rJlaBa», «OPYCOK», «)l(epAh», «rOHT» , «BepeTeHO» ).
IIOHHMaHHe repaJIhAHtleCKOii TepMHHOJlOrHH rrOMoraeT rrpHOJlH)l(eHHO peKOHCTpyupOBaTh BHA repoa, yrroMHHaeMoro B KaKOM-JlHOO CTapHHHOM orrHcaHHH, H OJlarOAapR 3TOMY YCTaHOBHTh CBR3h Toro HJlH
HHoro rrpOH3BeAeHHSI C KOHKpeTHbIM BJlMeJlb~eM. CKa3aHHoe qYTh BhIme rroo~aeT, C OAHoii CTOPOHbI,
BKJllOqHTh B 3Ty KHHry oOJlee COTHH repaJIhAHtleCKHX TepMHHoB, a C APyroii - OOOCOOHTh HX OT OCHOBHoro MaCCHBa JleKceM.
KpOMe CJlOBeCHhIX TepMHHOB, KOTophle pacrrOJlO)l(eHhI 3Aech B aJI<paBHTHOM rropRAKe, rrOJle3HO 3HaTb H crrocoOhI rpa<pHqeCKOrO 0003HaQeHIDI repaJIhAHqeCKHX ~BeToB B MOHOXPOMHhIX H300paxeHIDIx (HarrpHMep, B CKYJlbrrType). B POCCHH pacrrpOCTpaHHJlaCb CHCTeMa TaKoii MapKHpoBKH ~BeTa, B03HHKlliaR B 1630-e roAhI B 3arraAHOH EBporre:
Kpacory, rrpHRTHYIO MRrKOCTh, BeJlHtlHe H OAHTeJlhHOCTh) - qaCTbIMH CIIJIOmHbIMH JlHOO llTPHX-rryHKTHp- HhIMH ropH30HTaJISlMH;
-3eJleHh (B rrOJlHXpOMHH - rJlaBHhlM 00pa30M OKHCh xpOMa; CHMBOJlH3HpOBaJIa HaAeXAY, PMOCTb, H300HJIHe) - qaCTbIMH rrapaJIJleJISIMH CJleBa BBepx HarrpaBO;
-rryprryp (B rrOJlHxpOMHH - rJIaBHhIM oopa30M
KapMHH; CHMBOJlH3HpOBaJI AOCTOHHCTBO, CHJlY H MOry- ~eCTBO) - qaCThIMH rrapaJIJleJISIMH cBepxy CJleBa BHH3
HarrpaBO;
-qepHh (B rrOJlHxpOMHH - )l()l(eHlUI CJlOHOBlUI KOCTh; CHMBOJlH3HpOBaJIa OJlarOpa3YMHe, CMHpeHHe, rreqaJIh) - rrepeCeqeHHeM qaCTbIX rOpH30HTaJleii H BepTHKaJleii;
-30JlOTO (CHMBOJI crrpaBeAJlHBOCTH, BeJlHKOAY-
mHR, ooraTCTBa) - TOqKaMH;
- cepeopo (CHMBOJI qHCTOTbI H HeBHHHOCTH) -
OKOHTYPeHHbIMH yqacTKaMH oe3 KaKHX-JlHOO rpa<pHqeCKHX 3J1eMeHTOB.
MeHee pacrrpOCTPaHeHHoii Obma CHCTeMa reHpHXa CrrHJlhMaHa (1654), HCrrOJlh30BaBmlUI AJIR
0003HaqeHIDI ~eTOB CHMBOJlhl aCTpOHOMHH H acTPoJlOrHH: qepBJleHh OJl~eTBOPRJI Mapc, Jla3ypb - IOrrH-
rep, 3eJleHh - BeHepa, rryprryp - MepKypHii, QepHhCarypH, 30JlOTO - COJl~e, cepeopo - nYHa.
HH<popMa~ AJIR 3TOro rrpHJlO)l(eHIDI rroqeprrHYTa B OCHOBHOM H3 KHHr II. II. <pOH BHHKJIepa: PyccKaSi repaJIbAHKa. HCTOPHSI H OITHCaHHe PYCCKHX
-qepBJleHh (KpaCHlUI KpaCKa, C03AaBaeMlUI B repooB C H300pa)l(eHHeM Bcex ABOPSIHCKHX repooB,
rrOJlHXpOMHH CMeCblO cypHKa H KpaCHoii KHHOBapH,
CHMBOJlH3HpOBaJIa xpaopOCTh, a TaKXe rroJle OHTBbI, HaCh~eHHoe KPOBblO Bpara) 0003HaQaJIaCh qaCThIMH
BepTHKaJIRMH;
Jla3ypb (B rrOJlHXpOMHH - CMeCb CHHero KOOaJIbTa H cHHero YJlbTPaMapHHa; CHMBOJlH3HpOBaJla
BHeceHHblX B OO~Hii repooBHHK BcepoccHHcKOii HM-
rrepHH. BhIII. CIIo., repOhIrOpOAOB,
ryoepHHii, oOJlacTeii H rrocaAOB POCCHHCKOii HMIIepHH, BHeceHHhle B rrOJlHOe COOpaHHe 3aKOHOB C 1649 rro 1900 rOA. CIIo., 1900. BKpaT~e 00 3TOM roBOPHTCR H B 3H~KJlOrreAHqeCKOM CJlOBape Ep0KraY3a H E<ppoHa.
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nPHllO)l(EHHE ·nEPBOE. TEPMHHbI rEPAllbAHKH |
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AHfJIyUfCKMM mMT |
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60KOBbIMH yrJIaMH B TpH pa3a MeHbIIIe, |
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1 |
mum, rro cpopMe |
6nH3KHH aapRJIC- |
'leMMe)KJl:y BepxHHM H HH)KHHM. |
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CKOMY, HO C iWYMg |
cHMMeTpwlHbIMH |
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J:\yroo6pa3HbIMH BbleMKaMH He6onblIIoH |
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KpHBH3HbI rro BepxHeMY o6pe3Y. |
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mum, rro cpopMe 6nH3KHH cppafll-{Y3- |
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CKOMY, HO C J:\BYMg |
OCTpOKOHe'lHhIMH |
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BblcTyrraMH rro cTopoHaM, paCIIIHpg- |
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JO~HMH ero BepxHHH o6pe3. |
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APM5IHCKMM KPECT |
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BOCbMHKOHe'lHbIHKpeCT CJ:\BYMg HepaB- |
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HbIMH ropH30HTaJIgMH BBepxy H HaKJIOH- |
BEPHOCTb |
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HOH rrepeKJIaJ:\HHoH rroJ:\ HHMH, HMe- |
fepaJIbJ:\H'leCKOe |
H306pa)KeHHe |
J:\ByX |
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JO~HH TpeXJIOrraCTHoe |
O'lepTaHlte Ha |
pyK, CnO)KeHHbIX BMeCTe, JIaJ:\oHb K JIa- |
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Topu;e Ka)KJl:oro KOHI.\a. |
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J:\OHH. |
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ACMMMETPWIHbIE IIHM |
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BEPIIIMHA |
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Tizaaa, 3aHHMaJO~ag |
rrpHMepHo |
J:\eBg- |
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'1eTblpexyronbHbleBhIcTyrrhI nflucmozo |
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TYJO 'laCTbz«uma. |
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Kpecma, pacrrOJIO)KeHHble rrpoTHB rrpo- |
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CBeTOB Me)KJl:y nflRMU |
Ha rrpoTHBono- |
BM3AHTMMCKA5I MOHETA |
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JIO)KHOH (napaJIJIeJIbHoH) cTopoHe. |
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MOflema. |
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EAIIIEHHA5I KOPOHA |
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BMJIOOEPA3HbIM KPECT |
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(=rop0J:\cKag KopoHa) |
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(= TpeXKOHe'lHbIHKpecT) |
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3aBepIIIeHHe z«uma B rep6e rop0J:\a HJIH |
CHMMeTpH'lHagrepaJIbJ:\H'leCKag cpHry- |
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rrocaJ:\a nOJ:\o6HeM KOPOHbI C rrgTbJO, |
pa, o6pa30BaHHag |
TpeMg IIIHpOKHMH |
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TpeMg HJIH J:\ByM»: |
rrpgMoyrOJIbHbIMH |
rrOJIOCaMH, |
KOTopble |
pacxoJ:\gTCg H3 |
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3y6u;aMH JIH60 |
KpyrJIhIMH 6aIIIHgMH, |
OJ:\Horo u;eHTpa K BepXHHM yrJIaM z«uma |
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BbIJIO)KeHHOH H3 KHprrH'laHJIH KaMHg; |
H K cepeJ:\HHe ero HH)KHerO KpM. |
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II»:Th 3y6U;OB HMeJIa KopoHa B rep6ax J:\JIg |
BHEIIIHME '1ACTMfEPEA |
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roP0J:\OB C HaCeJIeHHeM |
CBblille 50 000 |
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3JIeMeHTbl, |
oKpy)KaJO~He w,um H yKa- |
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)KHTeJIeH, TpH 3y6u;a |
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3bIBaJO~He Ha COU;HaJIbHOe rrOJIO)KeHHe |
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P0J:\OB, J:\Ba 3y6u;a |
- il;JIg rrocail;OB. |
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BJIaJ:\eJIbu;a (flaMem, IIIJIeM, flaUl/leMflUK, |
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EPYCOK |
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KopoHa, IIIanKa HJIH IIIJIgrra, MaHTHg, |
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IIpgMOyroJIbHblH |
Y'laCTOK B |
rrpeil;eJIaX |
ceHb, z«umooepJICameJlu). |
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z«uma, HMeJO~HH OCHOBaHHe |
B rrono- |
BHYTPEHH5I5I KAMMA |
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BHHy BbICOTbL |
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KaCtMa C oTcTyrroM OT KpaeB z«uma K |
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EPYCb51 |
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ero u;eHTpy. |
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ABe rrapaJIJIeJIbHhIe nOJIOCbI Ha MeCTe |
BHYTPEHH5I5I'1ACTbfEPEA |
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nORca. |
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mum. |
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EYPEJIET |
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B03HMKAIOmA5I <l>MfYPA |
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Pa3HoU;BeTHbIH MaTep'laTbIH)KryT, BeH- |
(= BhIcTyrraJO~ag cpHrypa) |
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'laJO~HH IIIJIeM B rep6e. |
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IIepeJ:\H»:g 'laCTb'leJIOBeKaHJIH )KHBOT- |
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BAP5I)I(CKMM mMT |
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HOro, BblcTyrraJO~ag H3-3a J:\pyroH |
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06pa~eHHbIH KHH3Y oCTpHeM H BblTg- |
cpHrypbI HJIH rrJIOCKOCTH z«uma. |
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HYTbIH no BepTHKaJIH z«um B BHJ:\e paB- |
BOJIbHA5I'1ACTb |
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Ho6eJ:\peHHoro TpeyrOJIbHHKa C BhIny- |
IIpgMoyrOJIbHHK |
C |
HeKoHTpacTHbIM |
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KJIbIMH 60KOBbIMH cTopoHaMH. |
COOTHOIIIeHHeM CTOPOH, rroMe~eHHblH B |
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BEHfEPCKMM KPECT IIIecTHKOHe'lHblHcepe6pgHblH KpecT C J:\BYMg OJ:\HHaKOBbIMH ropH30HTaJIgMH, BeH'laJO~HH 30JIOTYJO KOPOHY, KOTOpag 3aBepiliaeT cpeJ:\HHH H3 Tpex 3eJIeHbIX XOJIMOB B 'lepBJIeHOMz«ume.
BEPETEHO
<l>Hrypa, HMeJO~ag BHJ:\ CKB03HOro POM6a, y KOTOPOro paCCTOgHHe Me)KJl:y
147
BepXHeM yrJIy z«uma H 3aHHMaJO~HH 'lyTbMeHbille ero 'leTBepTH.
BTOPOCTEIIEHHbIE AEJIEHM5I
3JIeMeHTbI z«uma, OrpaHH'leHHbIerrpg-
MOH, JIOMaHOH HJIH BOJIHHCTOH JIHHHeH B
npeJ:\eJIax ZJlaafl020 OeJlefluR.
BbIPYEHOM KPECT
KpecT C cHMMeTpH'lHOH BbIeMKoH Ha Topu;e Ka)KJl:OrO KOHu;a, OrpaHH'leHHbIH J:\BYMg oTPe3KaMH npgMoH.
BbIPYEHOM TPEYfOJIbHMK PaBHo6eil;peHHbIH TPeyroJIbHHK C CIIMMeTpH'lHOHBbleMKoH OT KOHU;OB OCHOBaHHg, orpaHH'leHHOHJ:\BYMg oTpe3KaMH npgMoH.
BbICTYIIAIOmA5I <l>MfYPA
B03fluKalOz«aR cpuzypa
fEOPfMEBCKMM KPECT
KpecT H3 'leTblpeXOJ:\HHaKOBblX paBHo6eJ:\peHHblx TpeyroJIbHHKOB cepe6pgHoro U;BeTa C 30JIOTOH KaHMoH, CX0J:\g- ~HXCg BepIIIHHaMH K u;eHTpy Kpyra C H306pa)l(eHHeM feoprY!»: IIo6eJ:\oHocu;a.
fEPAJIbAM'1ECKMMKPECT
JIPRMou Kpecm.
fJIABA
IIoJIoca, 3aHHMaJO~ag BepxHJOJO TpeTb z«uma; CHMBOJIH3HpyeT IIIJIeM, 6ypeJlem HJIH KOpOHy.
fJIABHbIE AEJIEHM5I
JIO'temHble CPUZYPbl.
fJIACHbIM fEPE
fOP0J:\CKOH rep6, B z«ume KOToporo rrOMe~eHbI H306pa)KeHY!»:, YKa3bIBa- JO~He Ha Ha3BaHHe J:\aHHoro HaCeJIeHHoro rryHKTa (HarrpHMep, rep6 rop0J:\a Eorop0J:\HU;Ka TYJIhCKOH ry6epHHH, BKJIJO'laJO~HH B ce6g no6erH THMhgHa - 6orop0J:\cKOH TpaBhI).
fOHT
IIpgMoyrOJIhHblH Y'laCTOK B rrpeJ:\eJIax z«uma, HMeJO~HH BhICOTY B nOJIOBHHY OCHOBaHHg.
fOPOACKA5I KOPOHA
EaLUeflflaR Kopofla.
-147-
nplo1nO>KEHIo1E nEPBOE. TEPMIo1HbI rEPAllbAIo1KIo1 |
. 148 |
rp£lIECKI1I1 KPECT
PaBHOMepHO YKOpO'teHltbtU npH..MOU Kpecrn cepe6pHHoro ~eTa Ha na30peBOM q,OHe ~urna, paCI10JIO)l(eHHbIll. B ero l\eHTpe.
,Il;AMACKI1POBKA
OpHaMeHT, npOPHCOBaHHbIll. TOHKHMH nHHHHMH 110 cepe6pHHoll. 110BepXHocTH
~urna.
,Il;BOI1HOI1 KPECT
repanb~lfqeCKaH (jJHrypa, 06'be~HHH lOru;aH crno.!l6, nORC H ~Be nepe6R3U OT 060HX BepXHHX yrnoB ~urna.
,Il;EBI13
KpaTKoe H3peqeHHe B HH)I(Hell. qaCTH rep6a.
)l(EHEBCKI1I1 KPECT ( = llIBell.l\apCKHll. KpecT)
PaBHoMepHo YKopO'teHHbIU npH..MOU Kpecrn cepe6pHHoro I\BeTa B l\eHTpe qepBneHoro ~urna.
)l(EPAh
(=qepTa)
Y3KaH KOCaH 110nOca, l1epeCeKalOru;aH
nO.!le ~urna.
I1EPYCAJII1MCKI1I1 KPECT
KpeCT CT-06pa3HhlMH KOHl\aMH, ~ol1on HeHHbIll. paBHOKOHeqHbIMH l1apannenbHbIMH ManbIMH KpecTaMH, pacI10no)J(eHHbIMH Ha KBa~paTHbIx yqaCTKaX Me~y HlIMH.
I1CTIAHCKI1I1 IUI1T
fl1urn C COOTHOllIeHHeM BbICOTbI H llIHpHHbI 9:8, 110 q,opMe 6nH3KHll. I1pHMoyronbHHKY, BepTHKanbHbIe CTOPOHbI KOToporo I1naBHO l1epeXO~HT BHH3Y B 110nYKpY)J(He.
I1TAJIh~HCKI1I1 IUI1T
fl1urn B BH~e BepTHKanbHoro 3nnHI1Ca HnH OBana.
KAI1MA
illHpOKaH 110noca 110 l1epHMeTpy ~urna, cHMBonH3HpYIOru;aH 110KpOBHTenbCTBo
Bna~enbl\Y rep6a co CTOPOHbI rocy~apH.
KJIEI1HO,Il;hI
TIpe~MeTbI, OnHl\eTBOpHIOIl\He BnaCTb
(Hal1pHMep,cKHrreTp,~ep)J(aBa,6YHqYK,
l1epHaq, 6ynaBa, xopyrBb).
KJII1H
TIPHMOyroJlbHbIH TpeyrOJIbHllK, I1pHMbIKalOIl\HH KaTeTOM K BepTliKMH l,£{uma y ero BepxHero yrna (~pyroH KaTeT BbITHHyT 110 ropH30HTamf).
KJII1HqAThII1 IUI1T
fl1urn, pa3~eneHHbIH qepe3 I\eHTp BepTHKanblO, ropH30HTanbIO H ~ByMH ~Ha- rOHanHMH.
KOPOHA rrOCA,Il;OB
BazueHHaR KopOHa C~BYMH I1pHMoyronbHbIMH 3y6I\aMH 110 60KaM.
KPECT
[JpH..MOU Kpecrn.
KPECT CB~TOrO ~KOBA
JIarnuHcKuu Kpecrn, y KOTOPOro KOHl\bI HeMHoro pacllIHpslfOTCH Ha TOpl\aX, a 60nee ~nHHHbIH HH)J(HHH yqaCTOK HMeeT He60nbllioe YTOnIl\eHHe B cpe~HeH qaCTH.
KPECT XPAMOBHI1KOB
(= nOTapHHrCKHH KpeCT, l1aTpHapllIHH KpeCT)
illeCTHKOHeqHbIH KpeCT C ~ByMH CHMMeTPHqHbIMH ropH30HTanHMH, H3 KOTOPbIX HH)I(HHH HeCKonbKO ~nHHHee BepXHeH.
JIATI1HCKI1I1 KPECT
He KaCalOIl\HMCH KpaeB ~urna npH..Mou Kpecrn, y KOTOPOro HH)I(HHll. KOHeI\ ~nHHHee OCTanbHbIX.
JIEOTIAPA
JIeB, H306pa)J(eHHbIll. H~YIl\HM B npo- q,Hnb, HO CronoBoM B ¢lac.
JIEOTIAPAOBhII1 JIEB
I1~YIl\HM neB, H306pa)J(eHHbIM I\enHK0l>1 B I1poq,Hnb (BKJIlOqaH ronOBY).
JIOTAPI1HrCKI1I1 KPECT
Kpecrn XPaMOBHUKOB.
JIhBI1HhII1 JIEOTIAP,Il;
JIeB, H306pa)J(eHHbIH B I1pO¢lHnb CTOHIl\HM Ha 3a~HHx narrax, HO C ronOBOH B ¢lac.
MAJIhTI1I1CKI1I1 KPECT
Cepe6pHHbIH KpeCT B I\eHTPe qepBne-
Horo ~urna, COCTaBneHHbIM H3 qeTblpex
KOTopble
-148-
pacnOJIO)KeHhl no ropH30HTaJIH H BepTHKaJIH BepIIlHHOH K ~eHTPY.
MOHETA
( = BH3aHTHHCKaSl MOHen)
MeTaJIJI~eCKHH AHCK Ha nOBepXHOCTH
~uma.
HAMET
CaMaSl KpYllHaSl 6HeUlHRR 'tacmb zep6a, HMelOID;aSl BHA AJIHHHhIX aKaHTOBhIX JIHCTheB co cKpyrJIeHHhlMH 3y6~aMH, BhIXOASIw;HX H.3-nOA rnJIeMa Ha BepXHeM Kpae ~uma; CHMBOJIH3HpyeT pa30ApaHHylO B 6010 TKaHh, KOTOPaSI 3aID;HID;aJIa lllJIeM OT neperpeBa COJIHIJ;eM.
HACTABHMI !l>HrYPA repaJIhA~eCKaSI cpHrypa, OCHOBHaSI qaCTh KOTOPOH BhIAeJIeHa KaKHM-JIH60 MeTaJIJIOM HJIH tjJuHutjJmblO,a KpaSi MH KOH~hl AOnOJIHeHhI APyrHM MeTaJIJIOM JIHGO CPHHHq,ThlO HHOro ~eTa.
HAIIIJIEMHHK
!l>Hrypa, 3aBeprnalOID;aSl nmeM MH HHOH roJIOBHOH y60p HaA ~umo.M.
HEMEUKHM mHT
1ACHMMeTPHqHhIH ~um C nOJIyKpyrJIOH BhleMKoH AJISI KOllhSl B BepxHeH qaCTH JIeBOH (OT 3pHTeJISI) CTOPOHhI.
2CHMMeTPHqHhIH ~um C npHXOTJIHBhIMH OqepTaHHSlMH 60KOBhIX KPHBOJIHHeHHhIX CTOpOH.
HEllOJIHbIM
TPHJIMCTHbIM KPECT
IIpRMou ICpecm c TPeXJIOnaCTHhIMH 60-
KOBhIMH H BepxHHM KOHIJ;aMH.
OBPAmEHHMI !l>HfYPA ( = nOBepHYTaSI cpHrypa)
!l>Hrypa qeJIOBeKa HJIH )KHBOTHOro, H306pa)KeHHaSI B npOCPMh npaBOH CTOpOHOH K 3PHTeJIlO.
OBPEMEHEHHMI !l>HrypA
!l>Hrypa, BhICTynaroID;aSI H3-nOA APyroii:.
OKOHEqHOCTb
HH)KHSISI TPeTh ~uma, orpaH~eHHaSi cBepxy ropH30HTaJIhlO.
OKPAHHA
OICoHe'tHocmb MaJIOH BhICOThI.
OllYIIIKA
Y 3KaSI ICaUMa.
OCTPHE
PaBH06eApeHHhlH TPeyroJIhHHK, OCHO-
BaHHe KOToporo CKPhITO HH)KHHM KpaeM
~uma, a BeprnHHa KacaeTCSI ero Bepx-
HeH CTOPOHhI.
OCTPOKOHEqHbIM KPECT
IIpRMou ICpecm, TOp~I KOTOPOro HMelOT OAHHaKOBoe cHMMeTPHqHOe 3aocTPeHHe.
OTOPBAHHMI !l>HrYPA
!l>Hrypa Ha rroBepxHocTH ~uma, H306pa- )KeHHaSI He rrOJIHOCThlO, C HepoBHoii: JIHHHeii: 06pe3a.
llATPHAPIIIHM KPECT
Kpecm XPa.M06HUIC06.
llEPEB5I3b
lloJIoca no AHaroHaJIH ~uma B TPeTh
ero rnHpHHhI.
-===-----...,
llEPEB5I3b BJIEBO
IIepe6R3b OT JIeBOrO BepxHero yrJIa (co CTOPOHhI 3pHTeJISI).
llEPEB5I3b BllPABO
IIepe6R3b OT rrpaBoro BepxHero yrJIa (co CTOPOHhI3pHTeJISI).
llEPEKPEmEHHbIM KPECT IIpRMou ICpecm C KOPOTKHMH OTBeTBJIeHHSlMH rrOA rrpSlMhIM yrJIOM OT K~Oro KOH~a, C03AalOID;HMH BrreqaTJIeHHe AOrrOJIHHTeJIhHhIX KpecTHKoB, YAaJIeHHhIX
OT ~eHTpa.
llEPECEqEHHE
Pa3AeJIeHHe ~uma ropH30HTaJIhlO, coeAHHSlT')ID;eHcepeAHHhl ero GOKOBhIX CTOpOH.
llHHCTbIM KPECT
KpeCT C nHRMU no nepHMeTPY.
llOBEPHYTAH !l>HfYPA
06pa~eHHaR tjJuzypa.
llOJIOCA
IIoRc, 3aHHMalOID;HH OKOJIO 1/9 BhICOThI
~uma.
JAJAA
~----"/
llOJIYfllACHbIM rEPB
rOpOACKOH rep6, B ~um KOTopOro BKJIlOqeHO H306pa)KeHHe, KOCBeHHO CBSI3aHHoe C Ha3BaHHeM AaHHoro HaCeJIeHHoro rryHKTa.
llOJIbCKHM mHT
PacrnHpSllOIIIHHcSI KHH3Y ~um C yceqeHHhIMH BepXHHMH yrJIaMH H S-06pa3HhIM H3rH60M 60KOBbIXc---CTOpOH.
)
I
llHH |
llOqEllibIE !l>HrYPbI |
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OAHHaKoBhIe qeThIpexyrOJIhHhIe BhI- |
( = maBHhIe AeJIeHHSI) |
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CTyrrhl rro KpalO KpecTa, pa3AeJIeHHhle |
OCHoBHhle IIJIOCKOCTH |
paCqJIeHeHHoro |
rrpOMe)KYTKaMH TaKOH )Ke q,OPMhI. |
~uma: Vla6a, nORC, |
OICOHe'tHocmb, |
-149-
nPIUIO)l(EHIotE nEPBOE. TEPMIotHbi rEPAJlbAIotKIot |
150 |
cmoJl6, nepeBR3b, npRMOU Kpecm, cmponUJlO, OKOHe'-lHOCmb, KailMa, UjumOK, BOJlbHaR '-laCmb.
TI05IC
rOpH30HTaJIbHaH rrOJIOca, rrpOXOAHm:aH qepe3 n;eHTp Ujuma H 3aHHMaJOm:HH ero
TpeTb.
TIPYCCKM:H KPECT
YKopO'-leHHbIU npRMou Kpecm, TOpn;bI KOToporo 3aKaHqHBaJOTCH JIHJIHHMH, a Ha rrepeCeqeHHH rrOMem:eH UjumOK C qepHbIM OAHOrJIaBbIM OPJIOM.
TIP5IMO:H KPECT
( = KpeCT, repaJIbAHqecKHii: KpecT)
IIo'-lemHaR ¢uzypa, 06'beAHHHJOm:aH cmoJl6 H nORCo
TI5ITMKOHEqHhI:H KPECT
(/JpaHl1,Y3cKUU Kpecm.
P ACCP-IEHME
Pa3AeJIeHHe Ujuma BepnIKaJIbJO qepe3 ero cepeAHHy.
CEHh
maTep HaA MaHTHeii: rOCYAapCTBeHHoro rep6a.
CMMMETPMQHhIE TIHM
IIHu, pacrrOJIO)KeHHble Ha 0AHHaKOBbIX ypOBHHX rro 06eHM cTopoHaM Ka)KAoro KOHn;a KpecTa.
CKomEHME
Pa3AeJIeHHe Ujuma AHarOHaJIbJO HJIH nepeBR3blO. ECJIH AHarOHaJIb crrycKaeTcH crrpaBa HaJIeBO, TO TaKoe CKOIIIeHHe Ha3blBaeTCH JIeBbIM, a rrpH crrycKe CJIeBa HarrpaBO - rrpaBbIM.
CTPA)K,IJ,YIII,EE CEP,IJ,UE
YCJIOBHOe H306pa)KeHHe cepAn;a, rrpOH3eHHoro TpeMH rB03AHMH.
CTPOTIMJIO
CHMMeTpHqHO pacrrOJIO)KeHHaH Ha
Ujume qmrypa, COCTaBJIeHHaH H3 AByX HaKJIOHHbIX rrOJIOC OAHHaKoBoii: IIIHpHHbI H HarrOMHHaJOm:aH OCTpOKOHeqHYIO 6YKBY «JI».
TMTJIO
TypHUPHblU BopomHuK.
TPEXKOHEQHhI:H KPECT
BUJloo6pa3HbiU Kpecm.
. , ,,
.,
.. ~ -"
~, 1'-'.
'----ll....;c•,',,:,..J' ...---
PEKA
IIoRc C BOJIHHCTbIMH KpaHMH.
CABO:HCKM:H KPECT
Cepe6pHHblii: npRMou Kpecm B qepBJIeHOM Ujume.
CBOEO,IJ,HA5I <l>MrYPA
YKOpO'-leHHaR ¢uzypa.
C,IJ,BMHYTO-mAXMATHhI:H IlI;I1T Iaum, pa3AeJIeHHblii: Ha ropH30HTaJIbHble pHAbI H3 KBaApaTOB TaKHM 06pa30M, qTO HX BepTHKaJIbHble CTOPOHbl B KaKOM-JIH60 PHAY yrmpaJOTCH B cepeAHHbl ropH30HTaJIbHbIX CTOPOH KBaApaTOB coceAHero pHAa.
CO,IJ,PAHHA5I QACTh
<l>parMeHT )KHBOTHOro, H306pa)KeHHblii: 6e3 KO)KH H rrepbeB, C rrOKa30M 06Ha- )KeHHOrO MHca.
CTEHA
IIoRC C rrpHMoyrOJIbHbIMH BblcTyrraMH Ha BepxHeii: CTopOHe.
CTOJIE
CpeAHHH BepTHKaJIbHaH rrOJIOca B Ujume, 3aHHMaJOm:aH ero TpeTb H CHMBOJIH3HPYJOm:aH Korrbe.
CTOJIEMK
Y3KHii: cmoJl6 (OT 1/9 AO 1/6 rrJIom:aAH
Ujuma).
TPMJIMCTHhI:H KPECT
IIpRMOU Kpecm CTpeXJIOrraCTHbIM oqepTaHHeM Ka)K)l;OrO TOpL\a.
TYPHMPHhI:H BOPOTHMK (= THTJIO, qmrypa 0 Tpex 3y6n;ax)
BbITHHYTaH rro ropH30HTaJIH paBH06eApeHHaH TParren;HH, OCHOBaHHe KOTOPOii: ;U;OrrOJIHeHO KHH3Y TpeMH 3y6n;aMH - TpeyrOJIbHbIMH JIH60 TaK)Ke- B cpopMe paBH06eApeHHoii: Tparren;HH.
YKOPOQEHHA5I <l>MrYPA
(=CB060AHaH cpHrypa)
IIo'-lemHaR ¢uzypa, KOHL\bI KOTOPOii: He KacaJOTCH KpaeB Ujuma.
YPO,IJ,JIMBA5I <l>MrYPA
)KHBoTHoe, H306pa)KeHHOe 6e3 XBOCTa.
-150-