- •Gerunds as subject
- •Sentence patterns with gerund as subject
- •Exercise 3. Possessives in Gerund Phrases as Subject
- •Exercise 4. Test your knowledge of proverbs.
- •Gerund as direct object
- •Remember!
- •Remeber!
- •Smth needs doing
- •Smth needs to be done
- •Smb needs to do
- •Exercise 6. Make sentences with worth.
- •Exercise 8. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 9. Using Possessives with Gerunds as Direct Object
- •In informal English objective forms of (pro)noun are commonly used with -ing instead of possessives
- •Gerund as object of a preposition
- •Remember!
- •Smb is used to doing----- is in the habit of doing smth
- •Smb used to do smth ----- did smth in the past
- •Exercise 10. Complete the sentences with prepositions and gerund
- •Write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence.
- •Exercise 12. Change direct speech into reported speech. Begin each of your sentences in the way shown.
- •Exercise 14. Read these situations and write three sentences with used to as in the example.
- •Exercise 15. Read these situations and write a sentence with be/get used to.
- •Exercise 16. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or infinitive (I am used to doing or I used to do).
- •Exercise 17. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate forms of the gerund:
- •Exercise 18. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.
- •Exercise 20. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 21. The Fountain of Youth
- •Gerund as attribute
- •Sentence patterns with gerund as attribute
- •Exercise 22. Write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence.
- •Exercise 23. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
- •Exercise 24. Translate into English
- •Gerund as adverbial modifier
- •Exercise 25. Read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning using a preposition.
- •Exercise 26. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
- •Exercise 27. Translate into English.
- •Gerund as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •Verbs followed by an infinitive or gerund with a difference in meaning
- •Exercise 31. Practice using troublesome verbs
- •Exercise 32. Read a sentence and write a second sentence with the same meaning. Begin your sentence in the way shown.
- •Exercise 33. Make your own sentences. Complete each sentence using -ing.
- •Exercise 34. Review of Troublesome Verbs
- •Exercise 35. Complete these sentences in any appropriate way using either the to-infinitive or the -ing form of the verb in brackets. If both forms are possible, give them both.
- •Exercise 36. Put the verb in the brackets after the verb «to like» into the correct form
- •Exercise 37. Here is some information about Tom when he was a child.
- •Exercise 38. Your friend has some problems and you have to be helpful. For each problem write a question with try.
- •Exercise 40. Make sentences with afraid. Read each situation and then use the words in brackets to write your sentence.
- •Exercise 43. Complete these sentences with either a to-infinitive or an -ing form. Choose an appropriate verb. Sometimes more than one verb is possible.
- •Using the perfect form of gerunds Exercise 44. Read this police report on a witness questioned about a robbery. Fill in the blanks by making gerunds in the perfect form from the verbs given.
- •Using the passive form of gerunds Exercise 45. Complete the sentences using active and passive gerunds.
- •Exercise 46. Complete the following article by filling in the blanks with the passive form of gerunds made from the verbs given in parentheses. (Use the verb be in the passive gerunds.)
- •Exercise 47. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 48. Complete the sentences using active and passive gerunds.
- •Exercise 49. Complete the sentences with one of the expressions mentioned above
- •Compare gerund to verbal noun
- •Exercise 50. Analyze the -ing forms in the sentences below. State which of them are gerunds and which verbal nouns:
- •Exercise 51. Analyze the -ing-forms stating whether they are gerunds or verbal nouns.
- •Reviewing Exercise 52. Identify the forms and functions of the Gerund
- •Exercise 53. Retirement Communities
- •Exercise 54. Replace the italicized clauses by gerund. Use prepositions where necessary:
- •Exercise 55. State the syntactic functions of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Exercise 56. Complete the sentences using the gerund from the following list:
- •Exercise 57. Complete the following sentences using gerund.
- •Exercise 58. Find the gerund and translate the sentences from English into Russian
- •Exercise 59. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •Exercise 60. Use the gerund from the following list as:
- •Exercise 61. Complete the following sentences using the gerund as:
- •Exercise 62. Translate into English using the gerund as:
- •Exercise 63. Replace the italicised parts of the sentence or clauses by gerundial phrases:
- •Exercise 64. Analyze the syntactic functions of the gerund. Translate into Russian.
- •Exercise 66. Use the required form of the gerund of the verb in brackets.
- •Exercise 67. Use the required form of the gerund and insert prepositions where necessary.
- •Exercise 68. Change the construction of the sentences using the gerund.
- •Exercise 69. Translate the sentences into English using gerunds.
- •Exercise 70. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 72. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 73. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 74. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 75. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 76. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 77. All Work and No Play
- •Exercise 80. Editing
- •Exercise 80. Personalization
- •Exercise 81. Translate into English using gerund.
- •Exercise 82. Translate into English.
- •Reference
- •Contents
- •Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a gerund with no difference in meaning 19
- •Verbs followed by an infinitive or gerund with a difference in meaning 21
Gerund as part of a compound verbal predicate
|
to begin to start to finish to go on to keep to continue to stop to cease to carry on to keep on |
doing smth |
She kept looking at me.
Exercise 28. Translate into English
1. Не бросайте работу из-за меня. 2. Когда вы начнете обсуждать статью? 3. Он продолжал улыбаться. 4. Я начал беспокоиться. 5. Когда он начал приводить бесконечные цифры, я перестал его слушать. 6. Люди продолжали приходить и уходить.
GERUND AS PREDICATIVE
A.
|
The main thing Smb’s wish job duty |
is / was doing smth |
The main thing is getting there in time. - Главное попасть туда вовремя
B.
|
to feel like (up to) to be for / against |
doing smth |
I don’t feel like walking. - Мне не хочется идти пешком.
Are you for or against staying here?- Ты за или против того, чтобы остаться здесь?
Exercise 29. Translate into English.
1. Мне не хочется об этом говорить. 2. Твоим делом будет водить ребят гулять. 3. Он был против того, чтобы оставаться на ночь в лесу. 4. Почему ты против того, чтобы продолжать опыты? 5. Если тебе хотелось уйти, почему ты не ушел? 6. Мама была за то, чтобы купить машину. 7. Кто за то, чтобы сделать это сегодня? 8. Никому не хотелось ей об этом рассказывать. 9. Главное было сдать экзамены. 10. Моим делом было обучить их английскому языку.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER AN INFINITIVE OR A GERUND WITH NO DIFFERENCE IN MEANING
|
VERB |
EXAMPLE |
MEANING |
|
Attempt
|
Tomorrow I will attempt to surf. |
Tomorrow I will attempt surfing. |
|
Begin Continue Start
|
I began to study two years ago. I will continue to study. I will start work tomorrow. |
I began studying two years ago. I will continue studying. I will start working tomorrow. |
|
Hate Like / love Prefer
|
I hate to sleep late in the morning. He loves to receive her letters. She prefers to take the bus. |
I hate sleeping late in the morning. He loves receiving her letters. She prefers taking the bus. |
Note 1 :
|
to like to do
when “like” doesn’t mean “enjoy”»: I like to do smth = I find it right or good to do smth I like to wash my hair twice a week (this doesn’t mean that I enjoy it; it means that I think it’s a good thing to do.) |
to like doing
we usually say «I like doing» when «like» means «enjoy» Do you like cooking? (Do you enjoy it?) |
Note 2:
|
to begin doing to start doing How old were you when you first started playing the piano? |
to talk about the beginning of a long or habitual activity |
|
smb begins / starts to understand / to realize She began to understand what he really wanted. |
the verbs to understand and to realize are only used in the infinitive |
|
I was beginning to get angry. |
The -ing form is not used after a progressive form of begin or start. |