Урок 3.9

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте слова.

[k]concrete, construct, currently, cost, thickness, architectural, plastic, equal, chemistry, chemically .

Упражнение 2. Сопоставьте слово с переводом и соответствующей ему транскрипцией.

1) submerge; 2) disguise; 3) measure; 4) height; 5) environment; 6) cylinder; 7) pultruded;

1) [ÃuÎ'ëï³dId,pAî-]; 2) ['éiîiíì¶]; 3) [dIé'ñaiê];

4) [IÍ'ÈAI϶ÍÅ(¶)ÍË,ÔÍ-]; 5) ['ÅÔº¶]; 6) [ÒAIË]; 7) [ɶÄ'Å´G];

1) цилиндр; 2) изменять внешний вид; 3) измерять; 4) высота; 5) погружать в воду; 6) окружающая среда; 7) одноосноориентированный.

Текст A

Cooling Tower Materials (2)

Galvanized Steel (Figure 3.19) – The most cost-effective material of construction for packaged towers is G-235 hot-dipped galvanized steel, from both structural and corrosion resistance standpoint. G-235 is the heaviest galvanizing mill commercially available, and offers a substantial amount of protection as compared to the lighter zinc thicknesses used several decades ago, providing reliable corrosion protection for most HVAC and industrial system water chemistries. The most common upgrade from G-235 galvanized steel is type 304 stainless steel. Parts that are submerged during operation and/or at shutdown can benefit the most by upgrading to stainless steel.

Stainless Steel - Type 304 stainless steel construction is recommended for cooling towers that are to be used in a highly corrosive environment.

Concrete Towers - Larger field erected towers for power plant and refinery applications are constructed of concrete. Concrete towers will last more than 40 years, but they are the most expensive to build. Because of their cost, they represent only 2 to 3% of all field-erected towers. Sometimes concrete construction is also used for architectural reasons (where the tower is disguised to look like or blend in with a building), or the cooling tower is designed as a structure with a life expectancy equal to the facility it serves.

Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Towers (Figure 3.20) - Currently, the fastest growing segment of the cooling tower market is structures built with pultruded FRP sections. This inert inorganic material is strong, lightweight, chemically resistant and able to handle a range of pH values. Fire-retardant FRP can eliminate the cost of a fire protection system, which can equal 5 to 12% of the cost of a cooling tower.

Note that for the cooling towers erected over a concrete basin, height is measured from the elevation of the basin curb. "Nominal" heights are usually measured to the fan deck elevation, not including the height of the fan cylinder. Heights for towers, on which a wood, steel, or plastic basin is included within the manufacturer's scope of supply, are generally measured from the lowermost point of the basin.

Figure 3.19 Galvanized steel.

Figure 3.20 Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Towers.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What is the most cost-effective material of construction for packaged towers?

2. What is the most common upgrade type from G-235 galvanized steel?

3. How many years will concrete towers last?

4. What are the reasons of using concrete constructions?

5. What kind of material is inert inorganic material?

6. What are the advantages of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) towers?

7. How are heights for towers generally measured?

Упражнение 3.Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Galvanized steel; cost-effective material; hot-dipped galvanized steel; structural resistance; corrosion resistance; standpoint (n.); commercially (adv.) available (adj.); substantial (adj.); zinc (n.); reliable corrosion protection; industrial system; water chemistry; common upgrade type; part (n.); submerge (v.); stainless steel; highly corrosive environment; erect (v.); power plant; refinery application; field-erected tower; facility (n.); fiber-reinforced plastic.

Упражнение 4. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Экономичный материал; оцинкованная сталь; градирня; имеющийся в продаже; сталь горячего цинкования; подпиточная вода; свежая вода; цилиндр; изменять внешний вид; измерять; высота; погружать в воду; окружающая среда; одноосноориентированный; сочетаться, влиться; существенный, значительный; химический состав воды; коррозионная стойкость; показатель кислотности; объем поставки производителя.

Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте формы с суффиксом –ing . Определите их функцию.

Упражнение 6. Переведите предложения, определите, к какой части речи относятся подчеркнутые слова.

1. Liquid collectors are more suited to domestic hot water.

2. Will you water my houseplants while I'm away?

3. Before heat transfer fluids are discussed, a review of basic corrosion theory is in order.

4. They are learning the basics of the physics.

5. These accidents will be investigated in depth to identify all causes and to recommend hazard control measures.

6. The two types of corrosion which cause the most damage in solar systems are galvanic and pitting corrosion.

7. Electroplated black nickel, black chrome, copper oxide or anodized aluminum are common types of selective coatings.

8. They are learning how to type.

9. An old bridge crosses the river.

10. In case of a cross flow, fluids flows pass at right angles to each other.

Упражнение 7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. Type 304 stainless steel construction is recommended for cooling towers that are to be used in a highly corrosive environment.

2. This inert inorganic material is able to handle a range of pH values.

3. Various methods of pressure treatment and incising are used to prevent micro-organisms attack to wood.

4. Air cooled condensers use ambient air to remove heat from the refrigerant.

5. Heat load is the amount of heat to be removed from the circulating water within the tower.

6. The furnaces rely on the fact that heated (less dense) air rises and the cooler (more dense) air falls to circulate the heat.

7. The equipment is selected with a capacity to offset the peak load of the space or spaces to be served.

8. The HVAC system contains either ductwork, for forced air systems, or piping to distribute a heated fluid and radiators to transfer this heat to the air.

9. Geothermal system uses underground loops to absorb heat from the earth.

10. Evaporators used in air-conditioning can be classified according to the combination of the medium to be cooled and the type of refrigerant feed.

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию глагола to have.

1. Many plastics have an undesirable transparency to infrared radiation.

2. Fire tube boilers have been used in various early forms to produce steam for industrial purposes.

3. Plastic covers have been developed to withstand 400 F.

4. Some collectors using plastic covers are designed to have stagnation temperatures no higher than 200 - 275 F.

5. Silicone sealants have exceptional weathering resistance and have received widespread use for many years.

6. They had to control the stream of liquid or gas pouring out.

7. With such large diameter, the shell would have to operate under such extreme pressure and thermal stresses that their thickness would have been too large.

8. A fouled heat changer has to be cleaned once in a while, in order to keep the energy needed for operation low.

Упражнение №7. Образуйте существительные от следующих слов, используя суффикс –ness.

Useful; rough; tough; weak; effective; thick; hard; ill.

Текст B